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Published literature shows low intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LIESWT) and low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy to improve erectile function and penile hemodynamic by inducing neovascularisation and promoting tissue regeneration. Key opinion leaders across the Asia Pacific region attended the recent biennial meeting of the Asia Pacific Society for Sexual Medicine in Australia, and presented the current evidence on LIESWT and LIPUS for erectile dysfunction (ED). The clinical findings were internally discussed, and the quality of evidence was graded based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence- Based Medicine recommendations. Existing literature supports the use of LIESWT and LIPUS in men with ED, with many clinical studies reported encouraging results with improved erectile function, good safety profile and short-term durability. However, controversial exists due to sampling heterogeneity, non-standardised treatment protocol and lack of large multiinstitutional studies. There is a need to better define which subgroup of ED population is best-suited, and specific treatment protocol to optimise shock wave energy delivery. More stringent and larger multi-institutional randomised placebo-controlled trials are warranted before clinical adoption of LIESWT and LIPUS as the new standard of care for men with ED.

Background: At present, the popularity of Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy in the treatment of hematospermia is increasing. However, there is still a lack of discussion regarding different surgical approaches. Meanwhile, the underlying predictors of efficacy are also unclear.Objective: To explore the efficacy of different approaches of seminal vesiculoscopy surgery and the predictive factors of good treatment outcome.Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 68 patients who underwent seminal vesiculoscopy for hematospermia in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2021. According to different surgical approaches, they were divided into three groups：natural ejaculatory ducts (method A, 45 cases), assisted transurethral resection/incision of ejaculatory ducts (TURED/TUIED) (method B, 14 cases), fenestration in prostatic utricle (method C, 9 cases). We analyzed the recurrence rate of the three surgical approaches and the predictive factors of treatment efficacy. Results: The total recurrence rate after the seminal vesiculoscopy for hematospermia in this group was 32.35%. The postoperative recurrence rates of the three methods were 24.44% for method A, 50.00% for method B and 44.44% for method C, among which method A was the lowest, and there was no significant difference among the three methods (p>0.05). The data of five predictors of 45 cases in method A group were included in the single-factor Logistic analysis, the results suggest that whether complicated with seminal tract stones/cysts was an effective predictor (OR 0.250, p=0.022), which was still an effective predictor in the multi-factor Logistic analysis model (OR 0.244, p=0.010).Discussion: Seminal tract stones/cysts may increase the risk of hematospermia recurrence.Conclusion: The postoperative recurrence rate of hematospermia treated by Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy technique is low, and the intraoperative natural orifices approach through the ejaculatory duct has the lowest recurrence rate. Complicated with seminal tract stones/cysts can be an effective predictor of good postoperative outcome.

Oxalic acid and its oxalate salts have been linked to kidney stones and other health problems and about 80% kidney stones are made up of calcium oxalate. Oxalyl coenzyme A decarboxylase (OXC) is a key enzyme in the catabolism of oxalate. In this study, we performed bioinformatic and biochemical analysis of OXC. First, we mined the OXC sequences from a public protein database and collected 1396 putative OXC sequences. These sequences were widely spread and mainly distributed in Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria and classified into seven clusters. The phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary rate of the 7 clusters showed that OXC are highly conserved. Second, the abundance of the different clusters of OXC was explored in 380 human microbiome datasets, which showed that OXCs in Cluster 1 were relatively high in the gut while OXCs in Clusters 2–4 were relatively enriched in the vagina. Third, we measured the activity of one OXC from Mycobacterium mageritense (OXCmm) in Cluster 3, in which there was no experimentally characterized enzymes. Mutation analysis showed that OXCmm shared the same active sites with the OXC from Oxalobacter formigenes. Taken together, this analysis provides a better insight into the distribution and catalysis of OXC and further potential alternative application of OXC active bacteria as probiotics in the management of kidney stone disease.

We investigated the biological characteristics of acquired drug-resistant cells (AqMDRs) formed by intercellular P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transfer and whether AqMDRs can form stable drug-resistant strains. Drug-sensitive BIU-87 cells were co-cultured with doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant derivative BIU-87/DOX cells in transwell chambers for up to 96 h. The presence of P-gp in recipient cell membranes (AqMDRs) was detected by confocal microscopy, CCK-8, western blot, and RT-PCR were used to detect resistance index (RI), P-gp expression and MDR1 mRNA expression in AqMDRs after 0, 4, 8, 16, and 20 passages and frozen/resuscitated twentieth generation AqMDRs. There was an increase in P-gp transfer with longer co-culture times of drug-resistant and sensitive strains. Without DOX, although the AqMDR numbers increased with each passage, the RI and P-gp expression decreased gradually, and the expression level of MDR1 mRNA did not change significantly. With DOX, the RI and P-gp expression increased slightly, and the MDR1 mRNA expression level gradually increased to the BIU-87/DOX level. AqMDRs can grow stably at drug concentrations slightly higher than the IC50 of sensitive strains, which sensitive strains cannot survive. P-gp transfer between cells gradually increases with longer co-culturing of drug-resistant and sensitive strains. The drug resistance of AqMDRs decreases without drug intervention, but with drug intervention, cells can maintain resistance and gradually develop into stable drug-resistant cells. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper., Summary: Intercellular transfer of P-glycoprotein forms stable multi-drug resistance, which complements the formation mechanism of MDR and indicates that new treatment strategies need to be designed to overcome MDR.

To investigate the effect of luteal phase ovarian stimulation on embryo quality after failed in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer with long or ultra-long protocol.In patients who underwent luteal phase ovarian stimulation after failed in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer with long or ultra-long protocol in the reproductive center between January 2015 and October 2017, self-control observations and statistical analyses were carried out for the number of oocytes retrieved, the rate of fertilization, the rate of D3 high-quality embryos, the rate of transplantable blastocyst formation, and the pregnancy rate of transfer cycle between long or ultra-long protocol and luteal phase ovarian stimulation.The rate of fertilization and blastocyst were significantly increased after luteal phase ovarian stimulation (P 0.05). However, the difference of the number of oocytes retrieved and the rate of D3 high-quality embryos was not statistically significant (p 0.05).The patients who failed with long protocol or ultra-long protocol due to low quality embryos, the protocol changed over to luteal phase ovarian stimulation. Can significantly improve the rate of fertilization oocytes and the transplantable blastocyst, and improve the outcome of clinical pregnancy. It provides an alternative ovarian stimulation protocol in patients with IVF-ET failure.

To investigate the expressions of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and BPH complicated with histological inflammation and their significance.According to the results of HE staining, we divided 60 cases of BPH treated by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) into a BPH group (n = 23) and a BPH with inflammation group (n = 37). We analyzed the clinical data of the patients and determined the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-17 and IL-8 by immunohistochemistry, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and Western blot, respectively.Compared with the BPH patients complicated with inflammation, the BPH group showed significantly lower International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) (29.1 ± 6.2 vs 21.6 ± 3.7), quality of life score (QoL) (5.4 ± 1.3 vs 4.4 ± 1.6), postvoid residual urine volume (RUV) (［198.6 ± 15.5］ vs ［98.2 ± 19.3］ ml), prostate volume (［69.2 ± 24.1］ vs ［49.8 ± 16.5］ ml), PSA level (［7.4 ± 1.9］ vs ［2.8 ± 0.8］ μg/L) and serum c-reactive protein content (CRP) (［5.1±2.0］ vs ［1.5±0.6］ mg/L), but a higher maximum urine flow rate (Qmax) (［4.7 ± 2.1］ vs ［8.2 ± 1.8］ ml/s) (all P0.05). The former group had a significantly higher incidence rate of urinary retention than the latter (32.4% ［12/37］ vs 8.69% ［2/23］), mRNA expressions of IL-17 (0.303 ± 0.076 vs 0.042 ± 0.019) and IL-8 (0.536 ± 0.059 vs 0.108 ± 0.025), and protein expressions of IL-17 (0.88 ± 0.10 vs 0.34 ± 0.05) and IL-8 (1.07 ± 0.08 vs 0.43 ± 0.04) (all P0.05).The expressions of IL-17 and IL-8 are upregulated in the prostatic tissue of the BPH patients with inflammation, which may play a significant role in the development and progression of BPH.目的： 探讨单纯良性前列腺增生（BPH）与伴有前列腺炎的BPH患者前列腺组织中IL-17和 IL-8表达差异。方法： 收集福建医科大学附属第一医院行经尿道前列腺电切术的60例BPH患者标本。根据标本HE染色不同分为单纯BPH组23例和合并炎症的BPH组37例。对两组患者的临床资料进行分析比较；用免疫组织化学方法检测各标本IL-17和IL-8的表达情况，用荧光定量PCR和Western印迹检测各标本IL-17和IL-8 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果： 单纯BPH组和合并炎症的BPH组患者的国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）［（21.6±3.7）分 vs （29.1±6.2）分］、生活质量评分（QoL）［（4.4±1.6）分 vs (5.4±1.3) 分］、最大尿流率（Qmax）［(8.2±1.8) ml/s vs (4.7±2.1) ml/s］、残余尿量（RUV）［(98.2±19.3) ml vs (198.6±15.5) ml］、前列腺体积［(49.8±16.5) ml vs (69.2±24.1) ml］、PSA［(2.8±0.8) μg/L vs (7.4±1.9) μg/L］和C反应蛋白（CRP）［(1.5±0.6) mg/L vs (5.1±2.0) mg/L］,两组相比差异明显，有统计学意义（P0.05）；合并炎症的BPH组患者尿潴留的发生率［32.4%（12/37）］明显高于单纯BPH组［8.69%（2/23），P0.05］；IL-17 mRNA和IL-8 mRNA在合并炎症的BPH组前列腺组织中的表达量(0.303±0.076和0.536±0.059)均明显高于单纯BPH组（0.042±0.019和0.108±0.025，P0.05）；IL-17和IL-8蛋白在单纯BPH组和在合并炎症的BPH组患者前列腺组织中的蛋白表达(0.34±0.05 vs 0.88±0.10、0.43±0.04 vs 1.07±0.08)，两者相比差异显著，有统计学意义（P0.05）。结论：IL-17和IL-8在合并炎症的BPH患者前列腺组织中的表达上调，其可能在BPH的发生发展中起重要作用。.

The majority of men with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffer from different types and degrees of erectile dysfunction (ED). The impact of SCL on erectile function depends on the severity and location of the injury. Some patients can restore the residual sexual potential in the period of SCI recovery. Treatments of ED in men with SCI include psychotherapy, medication of oral PDE5 inhibitors, intracavernous injection of vasoactive drugs, transurethral medication, application of the vacuum erectile device and penile ring, penile prostheses, sacral neuromodulation, etc., among which PDE5 inhibitors remain the first option and usually give good clinical results for those with higher SCI. However, intracavernous injection of vasoactive drugs and combined treatment are preferable for those with lower SCI.大多数脊髓损伤（SCI）的男性患者存在不同类型及程度的勃起功能障碍（ED），这主要取决于SCI的部位和严重程度。SCI康复期，部分男性患者可恢复残留的性功能。SCI后ED的治疗包括心理治疗、口服PDE5抑制剂、海绵体注射血管活性药物（ICI）、经尿道给药、真空勃起装置（VED）及阴茎缩窄环、阴茎假体植入手术、骶神经调节等,首选口服PDE5抑制剂治疗。高位SCI患者口服PDE5抑制剂，可能获得较好的疗效；而低位的SCI患者，采用ICI或者联合治疗的效果较好。.

The efflux activity of transmembrane P-glycoprotein prevents various therapeutic drugs from reaching lethal concentrations in cancer cells, resulting in multidrug resistance. We investigated whether drug resistant bladder cancer cells could transfer functional P-glycoprotein to sensitive parental cells.Drug sensitive BIU-87 bladder cancer cells were co-cultured for 48 hours with BIU-87/ADM, a doxorubicin resistant derivative of the same cell line, in a Transwell® system that prevented cell-to-cell contact. The presence of P-glycoprotein in recipient cell membranes was established using fluorescein isothiocyanate, laser scanning confocal microscopy and Western blot. P-glycoprotein mRNA levels were compared between cell types. Rhodamine 123 efflux assay was done to confirm that P-glycoprotein was biologically active.The amount of P-glycoprotein protein in BIU-87 cells co-cultured with BIU-87/ADM was significantly higher than in BIU-87 cells (0.44 vs 0.25) and BIU-87/H33342 cells (0.44 vs 0.26, each p0.001), indicating P-glycoprotein transfer. P-glycoprotein mRNA expression was significantly higher in BIU-87/ADM cells than in co-cultured BIU-87 cells (1.28 vs 0.30), BIU-87/H33342 (0.28) and BIU-87 cells (0.25, each p0.001), ruling out a genetic mechanism. After 30 minutes of efflux, rhodamine 123 fluorescence intensity was significantly lower in BIU-87/ADM cells (5.55 vs 51.45, p = 0.004) and co-cultured BIU-87 cells than in BIU-87 cells (14.22 vs 51.45, p0.001), indicating that P-glycoprotein was functional.Bladder cancer cells can acquire functional P-glycoprotein through a nongenetic mechanism that does not require direct cell contact. This mechanism is consistent with a microparticle mediated process.

Carbide slag is adopted as flue gas desulfurization agent in Ning Xia Western Thermal Power Plant.During the operation process,flue gas desulfurization efficiency and slurry dewatering efficiency can not meet the requirement at the same time. Through the analysis of the main influence factors,the work in the laboratory is going to improve calcium sulrite oxidation effect .The experimental results are characterized by crystal diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Through the orthogonal experiment,the optimun conditions are obtained:pH of the limestone slurry is 5.1,temperature is 40°C,the oxidation air volume is 45L/min,solid content of the slurry is 11%.On this condition,not only the flue gas desulfurization efficiency can be guaranteed,but the calcium sulfite is good to calcium sulfate conversion,then the problem of slurry dewatering efficiency is resolved.Application to engineering practice,very good results are achieved

Intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid (HA) may restore the integrity of glycosaminoglycan layer in patients with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC), and the benefit may be improved with addition of alkalinized lidocaine (AL). 48 women with severe PBS/IC who failed oral medications were enrolled and divided into one trial and two control groups. The trial group received intravesical 40 mg HA, 10 ml of 2 % lidocaine and 5 ml of 8.4 % sodium bicarbonate on a weekly basis for 8 weeks and then monthly for 4 months with a subsequent follow-up of 24 weeks, while the two control groups received 40 mg HA and mixture of 10 ml of 2 % lidocaine and 5 ml of 8.4%sodium bicarbonate respectively following the same procedure. Response to therapy was evaluated by Global Response Assessment, voids per day, Visual Analogue Scale for pain, frequency and urgency, O’leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Problem Index, cystoscopy and bladder capacity. Overall 45 patients finished this study protocol. The HA + AL group and the AL group showed significant improvement at week 2 (P

The title compound, C11H13N5, is a Schiff base synthesized by the reaction of 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole and 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde. The dihedral angle between the benzene and triazole rings is 43.09 (11)°. The crystal structure displays weak C—H...N interactions.

To investigate the changes of the expressions of the nerve growth factor (NGF) and its mRNA in the prostate tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of different ages and their significance.SHRs and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were killed at 1 month (young), 6 months (adult) and 12 months (aging), respectively, 5 in each group. Their prostate indexes were calculated, and the expressions of NGF and its mRNA in the ventral prostate tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.The prostate indexes of the SHR and WKY groups were 1.16 +/- 0.06 and 1.03 +/- 0.09 at 1 month, 1.12 +/- 0.14 and 0.93 +/- 0.07 at 6 months, and 1.11 +/- 0.05 and 0.96 +/- 0.09 at 12 months, significantly higher in the former group than in the latter either at 6 or at 12 months (P0.05), but with no obvious difference at 1 month (P0.05). The expressions of NGF and its mRNA in the ventral prostate tissue were detected in all groups, and elevated gradually with the increase of age (P0.05). Among those of the same age, the expression levels were markedly higher in the SHR than in the WKY group (P0.05).In SHRs with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), the enhanced excitation of the sympathetic nervous system may be a common mechanism underlying BPH and hypertension, and NGF plays an important role in it.

The title compound, C13H19N3O2, was obtained by the direct solvent-free reaction of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, strong intermolecular O—H...N and weak intermolecular C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds help to establish the packing.

The solid complex of lanthanum nitrate hydrate with 4-(p-dimethylaminobenzaldehydeamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole (L) LaL3 (NO3)3 x (H2O)2 x (C2 H5 OH)2 was synthesized in dry N2 atmosphere and absolute alcohol. The composition of the complex was determined by chemical and elemental analyses. The crystal structure showed that La3+ was coordinated by ten oxygen atoms with three nitrate, two water and two alcohol molecules. Characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and solid fluorescence, the experimental results showed that the free ligand is a thermally stable material, and emitted intensive blue fluorescence at the peak wavelength of 451 nm. Compared with the fluorescence emission of free ligand in solid-state, the emission of complex of LaL3 (NO3)3 x (H2O)2 x (C2H5 OH)2 red-shifted to 464 nm and exhibited stronger blue fluorescence.

To investigate the expression of COX-2 and VEGF in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and their correlation with tumor angiogenesis.Envision immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of COX-2 and VEGF, and microvessel density (MVD) was marked by CD34 in 80 CCRCC tissues and 20 normal kidney tissues. The relationship between the above mentioned markers were analyzed.Expressions of COX-2 and VEGF were noted in both CCRCC and normal kidney tissues. The positive rates of COX-2 and VEGF were significantly higher in CCRCC than in normal kidney (P0.05); The expression of COX-2 was correlated with TNM stage (P0.05), histological grade (P0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P0.05) in CCRCC, but not with age (P = 0.663) and diameter of tumor (P = 0.528). Both COX-2 expression (r = 0.851, P0.01) and VEGF expression (r = 0.736, P0.01) were significantly associated with MVD in CCRCC. There was a positive correlation between expression of cox-2 and that of VEGF in CCRCC.COX-2 expression is correlated with tumor angiogenesis in CCRCC. It is likely that VEGF is one of the most important mediators in the COX-2 angiogenic pathway.

Schiff base 4-(p-dimethylaminobenzaldehydeamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole(L) was synthesized from 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde using acetic acid as the catalyst. The solid complexes RE3L6(NO3)6(H2O)2 (RE = Cu, Co, Zn, Cd; x = 3-6) were synthesized with 4-(p-dimethylaminobenzaldehydeamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole and nitrate of transition metals in ethanol and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, UV spectrum, and fluorescence spectrum. Experimental results showed that the free ligand is a thermally stable material, and its ethanol solution emitted intense blue fluorescence at the peak wavelength of 416 nm. The absorption band at about 406 nm can be assigned to the intrinsic absorption of C==N. Compared with the fluorescence emission of free ligand in ethanol solution, the emission of the complex of RE3L6 (NO3)6(H2O)2 was red-shifted to 445 nm and narrow in solution. RE(II) was coordinated with N atomy of triazole in 4-(p-dimethylaminobenzaldehydeamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole.

The title compound, C6H8N4O3·2H2O, which crystallized as a dihydrate, has two almost planar segments viz. the pyrimidine ring and the C—N—C(=O)—C group [maxmum deviations of 0.020 (2) and 0.014 (2) Å, respectively], with a dihedral angle of 87.45°. In the crystal, the components are linked by O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds.