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Fingolimod is an oral sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and the first oral therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Its use has been complicated by a low rate of cystoid macular edema usually in the first 3 months after commencement of the medication. We report the case of a 34-year-old male with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, who developed acute anterior uveitis on day 5 of fingolimod treatment. He responded to appropriate treatment and cessation of drug, but developed low-grade chronic anterior uveitis without cystoid macular edema. We discuss possible mechanisms of uveitis onset in this group of patients. Urgent ophthalmological review is recommended for patients receiving fingolimod therapy who develop a red, painful eye, which may occur within 5 days of fingolimod treatment initiation., Competing Interests: The authors have no financial disclosures.

This study examined perceived family functioning and depression in bereaved parents 18 months after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. This was a cross-sectional study with 190 bereaved parents sampled using a multistage stratified sampling method. The instruments used in the study included Family APGAR Index and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17. The results indicated that the prevalence of family dysfunction was 59.5%. All the respondents experienced depression with 79.5% of the respondents reporting very severe depression. Being female, being at an advanced age, being divorced or widowed, being directly exposed to the death of their children, not having another baby after the earthquake, and poorer family functioning were significant predictors for more severe depression. Strategies can be designed in post-disaster recovery programs for bereaved parents at high risk for more severe depression, particularly for those with poorer family functioning., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aims: To investigate the incidence and reasons for tooth loss during active periodontal therapy (APT) and periodontal maintenance (PM) in a specialist institution., Material and Methods: Retrospective data were collected from 273 patients [all compliers (AC)] and cross-sectional data from 39 patients after discontinuation of PM [non-compliers (NC)] for at least 7 years after APT. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were performed. A comparison was made between AC and NC. The prognostic factors associated with tooth loss during PM were identified., Results: AC lost 1.3 teeth/patient during APT and 0.9 teeth/patient during PM (mean 10.7 years). Tooth loss due to periodontitis was 0.03 teeth/patient/year. The age of 60 was a significant predictor of tooth loss during PM (odds ratio of 2.1). NC lost 1.1 teeth/patient during APT and 2.7 teeth/patient during discontinuation (mean 9.6 years). Tooth loss due to periodontitis was 0.22 teeth/patient/year, a sevenfold increase (p<0.05) compared with AC. Regression analysis failed to identify any significant predictors for tooth loss during the discontinuation of PM., Conclusions: In this study, the provision of PM led to minimal tooth loss, especially due to periodontitis, for a mean period of 10 years after APT. The completion of APT without PM may predispose patients to lose more teeth compared with patients who undergo PM., (© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

Data for ballistic and visually controlled movement times of different arm components are presented. Ballistic movement times gave strong support to the theoretical model that movement time is linearly related to the square-root of movement amplitude, for all arm components. It was found that there was a significant effect on movement time of the arm component being used. A scaling analysis showed that this time was linearly related to the product of the square-root of amplitude and the one-tenth power of limb mass moment of inertia. This relationship was found to be approximately true in the experiment. For visually controlled movements, movement time showed a significant interaction between Fitts' Index of Difficulty and arm component. The effect of arm component on movement time was stronger in visually controlled movements than in ballistic movements and did not allow the simple modelling in terms of limb mass moment of inertia as was possible with ballistic moves. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Different arm components take different times to move the same distance, dependent on their mass moments of inertia and muscle strength. The work investigated times for finger, wrist, forearm, and full-arm movements that are relevant to tasks such as manual assembly where there are alternative movement methods available for an operator.