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A supra­molecular two-dimensional polymer structure of caesium tetra­methyl­dithio­imidodiphosphinate is reported., In the title crystal, the salt [CsMe2P(S)NP(S)Me2] is self-assembled as an undulating supra­molecular two-dimensional polymeric structure, poly[(μ4-tetra­methyl­dithio­imidodiphosphinato)caesium], [Cs(C4H12NP2S2)]n, which is parallel to the bc plane. The Cs cations are hexa­coordinated, being chelated by two thio­imidophosphinate groups and two sulfur atoms from neighboring ligands. The anions are linked to the Cs cations by Cs⋯S and Cs⋯N electrostatic inter­actions.

The synthesis and characterization of two new 1,3,5-triazines containing 2-(aminomethyl)-1H-benzimidazole hydrochloride as a substituent are reported, namely, 2-{[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]methyl}-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium chloride, C11H9Cl2N6 +·Cl− (1), and bis(2,2′-{[(6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl)]bis(methylene)}bis(1H-benzimidazol-3-ium)) tetrachloride heptahydrate, 2C19H18ClN9 2+·4Cl−·7H2O (2). Both salts were characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy. Moreover, the NMR (1H and 13C) spectra of 1 were obtained. Salts 1 and 2 have triclinic symmetry (space group P-1) and their supramolecular structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonding and offset π–π interactions. In hydrated salt 2, the noncovalent interactions yield pseudo-nanotubes filled with chloride anions and water molecules, which were modelled in the refinement with substitutional and positional disorder.

[1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-N-(propan-2-ylidene)methanamine-κ2,N2,N3]dichloridozinc(II) 1, [N-((1H-benzimidazole-2-yl-κN)methyl)-4-(((1H-benzimidazole-2-yl-κN)methyl)imino-κN)-2-methylpentan-2-amine-κN)]chloridozinc(II) chloride dihydrate 2, and tris [(E)-4-(((1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-κN3)methyl)amino)pent-3-en-2-one]chloridozinc(II) chloride hydrate 3 complexes were synthesized via condensation of ZnII complexes A-C with the corresponding ketone. Whereas compounds 1 and 2 were obtained by condensation of propan-2-one with complexes A-C, pentane-2,4-dione was used in the synthesis of 3. Vibrational and thermogravimetric studies showed that the chelate structure of 2 is stabilized by the presence of hydrogen bonds. Moreover, theoretical and experimental NMR studies confirmed that the metal ion is bonded to the ligand in chelate form. On the other hand, vibrational and crystallographic studies showed that 3 has a helicoidal geometry in which the metal ion is bonded to three ligands that act as blades. In solid state, the complex 3 is stabilized by the presence of weak interactions between each blade of the molecule. Additionally, NMR studies indicated that 3 preserves its C3 symmetry in methanolic solution.

The alkali metal (Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + ) carboxylate-dithiocarbamate complexes of L -proline have been prepared from the reaction of L -proline with carbon disulfide in the presence of two equivalents of the corresponding alkali metal hydroxide. The resulting compounds have been characterized by FAB + mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, NMR ( 1 H, 13 C) spectroscopy. The X-ray single crystal crystallography analysis of the complexes of K + , Rb + and Cs + complexes showed that the coordination modes of dithiocarbamate and carboxylate groups to the alkali metal is modulated by the resonance effect, the ionic radius of the sulfur and oxygen atoms as well as the size, charge-density, and Lewis-acidity of the metal ions. In this way in the solid state polymeric structures in 2D for K + and Rb + complexes, and 3D in the case of Cs + are generated. The distances C···M, M···S1 and M···S2 suggest the existence of cation···π and van der Waals interactions that can be described as a η 3 coordination mode of the dtc group to the alkali metal ions.

Two new chlorodiorganotin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes with general formula {(R2SnCl)dtc} (dtc = R1R2NCS2−, R1 = Bn, R2 = naphtylimide; 3, R = n-Bu; 4, R = Ph) have been prepared from sodium N-[2-(benzylamino)ethyl]naphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide dithiocarbamate 2. The bis-dithiocarbamete 3d (R2Sn(dtc)2, R = n-Bu) was obtained as the thermodynamic product during the titration process (vide infra). All compounds were characterized by mass spectrometry, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The chlorodiorganotin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes 3–4 also were characterized by 119Sn NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystallographic study of these complexes showed the existence of C H…π, S…π and π…π intramolecular interactions, indicating that the naphthylimide aromatic fragment stabilized the complexes. Complexes 3 and 4 were studied as host for anions (CH3CO2−, F−, H2PO4−) in CDCl3 by UV–Vis and 119Sn NMR spectrometric titrations. The tested anions cause the displacement of the chloride ligand of the metallic centre. The excess of F− or H2PO4− induce the self-assembly of diorganotin(IV) dithiocarbamate to bis-dithiocarbamates R2Sn(dtc)2 (3d) instead of the breaking of the S Sn covalent bond. Quantum mechanical calculations at DFT level (B3LYP/def2-TZVP) were performed to obtain the thermodynamic parameters of the reactions involved in the anion addition to the complexes.

In this work the interaction of halide anions and simple aromatic compounds with a bichromophoric fluorescent dyad derived from 1,8-naphthalimide (NAPIM) and 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl (DANS) was studied using electronic spectroscopy, 1H, and 19F NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry modeling (b3lyp/def2-TZVP). The NAPIM-DANS dyad interacts with electron-rich guests with binding constants in the range of 6 × 103 to 8 × 103 M−1 in CHCl3. The formed complexes are stabilized through aryl C–H … anion and aryl C–H … π interactions.

In the structure of the title compound, cooperative C—H⋯O=C, C—H⋯π and offset π–π inter­actions generate supra­molecular nanotubes which accommodate the 2,3-di­chloro­benzene solvent mol­ecules., The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C56H50N6O8S2·3C6H4Cl2, contains two half-mol­ecules of the parent, A and B, which both have crystallographic inversion symmetry, together with three 2,3-di­chloro­benzene mol­ecules of solvation. Mol­ecules A and B are conformationally similar, with dihedral angles between the central naphthalenedi­imide ring and the peripheral naphthalene and benzyl rings of 2.43 (7), 81.87 (7)° (A) and 3.95 (7), 84.88 (7)° (B), respectively. The conformations are stabilized by the presence of intra­molecular π–π inter­actions between the naphthalene ring and the six-membered di­imide ring of the central naphthalenedi­imide moiety, with ring centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.5795 (8) Å (A) and 3.5640 (8) Å (B). In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into infinite supra­molecular chains along the c axis. These chains are inter­connected through C—H⋯π and offset π–π inter­actions, generating supra­molecular nanotubes which are filled by 1,2-di­chloro­benzene mol­ecules.

The chlorodiphenyltin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes 1–5 with general formula {(Ph2SnCl)dtc} (dtc = R1R2NCS2−; 1, R1 = Bn, R2 = 9-anthrylmethyl; 2, R1 = Bn, R2 = 9-phenanthrylmethyl; 3, R1 = Bn, R2 = 1-pyrenylmethyl; 4, R1 = 1-naphthylmethyl, R2 = 1-pyrenylmethyl; 5, R1 = R2 1-pyrenylmethyl) have been tested as host for anions and neutral amines in acetonitrile by spectrophotometric UV/Vis titrations. In addition, the titrations of the complexes 1 and 5 were studied in chloroform by 1H and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. It was found that anions as acetate, benzoate, and dihydrogen phosphate cause a displacement of the dithiocarbamate ligands of metallic center independently of the aromatic nature of the substituents on the nitrogen atom functioning as chemodosimeters in which the indicator is displaced. However, some aliphatic amines and aromatic methylene amines and its aromatic analogs can act as guests with binding constants in the range of 103 to 106 M−1. Also, in these cases compound 5 functions as chemodosimeter without displacement of the indicator. According to 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR data and using DFT (B3LYP) and Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) to model the solvent, structures of the complexes are proposed in which the hydrophobic and π–π interactions are suggested as the dominant interactions.

Four new bismuth(III) complexes; (CH2S)2Bi[S2CN(CH2)4] (2), CH2(CH2S)2Bi[S2CN(CH2)4] (3), S(CH2CH2S)2Bi[S2CN(CH2)4] (4), O(CH2CH2S)2Bi[S2CN(CH2)4] (5) were prepared from the reaction of the sodium salt of pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate (1) with four chloro-dithia-bismuth(III) compounds containing five-, six- and eight-membered heterocycles. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the single crystal X-ray structures of 2–4 were obtained, showing an asymmetric bidentate coordination mode of the dithiocarbamate ligand moiety. The metal center in 2 and 3 is tetracoordinated, while in 4 a pentacoordinate metal center is observed, the latter is achieved through the 1,5-transannular Bi⋯S interaction, which is common in these types of metallocane rings. Antibacterial assays showed that 2–5 were active in ATCC and clinical isolated strains. Antiploliferation assays were carried out showing high antiproliferative effect against breast cancer cell lines, in vitro. A QSAR model employing quantum global and local chemical descriptors was constructed to gain further insight into their antibacterial activity.

Four new homoditopic bis[chlorodiorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) dithiocarbamate] complexes derived from naphthalene diimide (NDI) with general formula NDI-[(CH2)2-N(CH2Ph)(CS2SnR2X)]2, 3: R = n-Bu, X = Cl; 4: R = Me, X = Cl; 5: R = Ph, X = Cl; 6: R = X = Me; were prepared from triethylammonium ((1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-1,3,6,8-tetrahydrobenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-2,7-diyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(benzylcarbamodithioate) 2. All compounds were characterized by IR, as well as 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The complexes 3–6 also were characterized by 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. In addition, complex 3 was further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystallographic study performed on complex 3 showed that the tin atom has a coordination geometry intermediate between square-pyramid and a trigonal-bipyramidal, with τ value of 0.69. In addition the presence of cooperative C H…π, C H…S, C H…O and S…π intramolecular interactions in the crystal structure of 3 was observed. The interaction of complexes 3–6 with anions (CH3CO2−, F−, H2PO4−) in CDCl3 was studied by UV/Vis, fluorescence and 119Sn NMR titrations. The addition of the foregoing anions to complexes 3-6 lead to the displacement of the chloride ligand at the tin(IV) atom. However, an the excess of F− or H2PO4− induced the self-assembly of complexes 3 and 5 in their corresponding binuclear metallomacrocycles.

Here, we report the synthesis of six organic-inorganic hybrid compounds from amino amides and tetrachlorozincate anions to study the processes underlying the modulation of hydrogen bonds and π∙∙∙π interactions in these salts. Thus, 2-((2-ammoniopropanamido)-methyl)-1H-benzimidazole-3-ium tetrachlorozincate 7, 2-(1-(2-ammoniopropanamido)-ethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-3-ium tetrachlorozincate 8, 2-((2-ammonio-3-methylbutanamido)methyl)-1H-benzimidazole-3-ium tetrachlorozincate 9, 2-(1-(2-ammonio-3-methylbutanamido)-2-methylpropyl)-1H-benzimidazole-3-ium tetrachlorozincate 10, 2-((2-ammonio-4-methylpentanamido)methyl)-1H-benzimidazole-3-ium tetrachlorozincate 11, and 2-(1-(2-ammonio-4-methylpentanamido)-3-methylbutyl)-1H-benzimidazoel-3-ium tetrachlorozincate 12 were obtained from the corresponding hydrochlorides (1–6). Crystallographic experiments using compounds 7–12 revealed that the presence of bulky substituents situated on C10 and C13 reduces the efficacy of stacking phenomena. Moreover, the ZnCl42− ∙∙∙H–N hydrogen bonds induce the polarization of the imidazole ring and the π∙∙∙π interactions occur through the “dipole-induced dipole” mechanism. In the case of N–H∙∙∙solvent interactions, the stacking phenomena occur preferentially through the “induced dipole-induced dipole” mechanism.

In this study, we synthesized five N-Boc-L-tyrosine-based analogues to glitazars. The in vitro effects of compounds 1–5 on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPARα/γ), glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT-4) and fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) activation are reported in this paper. Compounds 1 and 3 were the most active in the in vitro PTP-1B inhibition assay, showing IC50s of approximately 44 μM. Treatment of adipocytes with compound 1 increased the mRNA expression of PPARγ and GLUT-4 by 8- and 3-fold, respectively. Moreover, both compounds (1 and 3) also increased the relative mRNA expression of PPARα (by 8-fold) and FATP-1 (by 15-fold). Molecular docking studies were performed in order to elucidate the polypharmacological binding mode of the most active compounds on these targets. Finally, a murine model of hyperglycemia was used to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of compounds 1 and 3. We found that both compounds are orally active using an exploratory dose of 100 mg/kg, decreasing the blood glucose concentration in an oral glucose tolerance test and a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus murine model. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both molecules showed strong in vitro and in vivo effects and can be considered polypharmacological antidiabetic candidates.

2-{[(Ammoniumacetyl)amino]methyl}-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium dichloride 4, 2-{[(2-ammoniumpropanoyl)amino]methyl}-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium dichloride 5, and 2-{[(2-ammonium-3-phenylpropanoyl)amino]methyl}-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium dichloride 6 amino amides were synthesized via condensation of 2AMBZ dihydrochloride with the corresponding amino acid. Compounds 7–12 were obtained by replacing chloride ions (in salts 4–6) with nitrate or tetrachlorozincate ions. The results of X-ray diffraction crystallographic studies indicated that the geometries, charges and sizes of the anions are essential for the formation of the strong hydrogen bond interactions of compounds 4, 5, 9–12. Moreover, in most cases, the presence of water and solvent molecules stabilizes the supramolecular structures of these compounds. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy indicated that the presence of chloride or tetrachlorozincate anions increases the acidity of the benzimidazolic and amide groups more significantly than the presence of nitrate anions. However, Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) computations of the crystal structures demonstrate that amino amides interact more strongly with NO3− than with Cl− and ZnCl42− anions; this difference explains the spectroscopic results.

cis- and trans-1,2-chdcaH2, 1,3-chdcaH2, and 1,4-chdcaH2 (chdcaH2 = cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid) as well as cis,cis-1,3,5-chtcaH3 (chtcaH3 = cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid) have been treated with dimethyl- and di-n-butyltin reagents, and for the case of 1,4-chdcaH2 additionally with di-tert-butyltin dichloride, to determine whether macrocyclic or polymeric diorganotin dicarboxylates are formed dependent of the spatial orientation of the coordinating ligand functions and the organic substituents at the metal atom and to analyze conformational and topological variations in the resulting supramolecular aggregates. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies showed that besides the ligand geometry the substituents at the metal center are key elements for the formation of either monomeric, cyclo-oligomeric, or polymeric assemblies. Two of the compounds characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis exhibited macrocyclic ring structures, [{Me2Sn(cis-e,a-1,4-chdca)}2] and [{nBu2Sn(cis-e,a-1,4-chdca)}4]. For most o...

Parasitic diseases are a public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. One of the scaffolds used in several drugs for the treatment of parasitic diseases is the benzimidazole moiety, a heterocyclic aromatic compound. This compound is a crucial pharmacophore group and is considered a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. In this study, the benzimidazole core served as a model for the synthesis of a series of 2-(2-amino-5(6)-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-N-arylacetamides 1–8 as benznidazole analogues. The in silico pharmacological results calculated with PASS platform exhibited chemical structures highly similar to known antiprotozoal drugs. Compounds 1–8 when evaluated in silico for acute toxicity by oral dosing, were less toxic than benznidazole. The synthesis of compounds 1–8 were carried out through reaction of 5(6)-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine (12) with 2-chlroactemides 10a–h, in the presence of K2CO3 and acetonitrile as solvent, showing an inseparable mixture of two regioisomers with the -NO2 group in position 5 or 6 with chemical yields of 60 to 94%. The prediction of the NMR spectra of molecule 1 coincided with the experimental chemical displacements of the regioisomers. Comparisons between the NMR prediction and the experimental data revealed that the regioisomer endo-1,6-NO2 predominated in the reaction. The in vitro antiparasitic activity of these compounds on intestinal unicellular parasites (Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica) and a urogenital tract parasite (Trichomonas vaginalis) were tested. Compound 7 showed an IC50 of 3.95 μM and was 7 time more active against G. intestinalis than benznidazole. Compounds 7 and 8 showed 4 times more activity against T. vaginalis compared with benznidazole.

The combination of bis-dithiocarbamate ligands derived from N,N′-dibenzylcyclohexane-trans-1,4-diamine with dimethyl- and di-n-butyltin(IV) dichloride provided two discrete dinuclear complexes of the composition [(Me2SnCl)2(bis-dtc)]·2CHCl3 (1) and [(nBu2SnCl)2(bis-dtc)] (2) with bis-dtc = N,N′-dibenzylcyclohexane-trans-1,4-diamine-bisdithiocarbamate. Additionally, single crystals of the composition [(nBu2SnCl)(mono-dtc)]·[nBu2SnCl2]2 (3) with mono-dtc = N,N′-dibenzylcyclohexane-trans-1,4-diamine-monodithiocarbamate were isolated. Within the crystal structures of the three complexes, a varied number of common (C–H⋯S, C–H⋯Cl and N–H⋯Cl) and less common (S⋯S, S⋯Cl, Cl⋯Cl, Cl⋯N and Cl⋯Sn) secondary interactions were observed and analyzed. The supramolecular solid-state organization of [(Me2SnCl)2(bis-dtc)]·2CHCl3 revealed the presence of channels, which were filled with chloroform molecules. In the crystal structure of [(nBu2SnCl)(mono-dtc)]·[nBu2SnCl2]2, the di-n-butyltin dichloride units are arranged in form of a so far unknown dimeric aggregate of the composition [(nBu2SnCl)(μ-Cl)2(ClSnnBu2)]. The latter assembly represents thus a rare example for a two-component co-crystalline assembly, in which a relatively large non-solvent molecule with unusual molecular structure is stored and stabilized.

The effects of NZn coordination, solvent, and pH on the aza-addition reaction between 2-(aminomethyl)benzimidazole (HL) and acrylonitrile were studied. In the absence of ZnII ion, the aza-addition reactions between HL and acrylonitrile (in aqueous media) depended on pH and were not selective. The mono-addition compound {3-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]propanenitrile} was always obtained in a greater proportion than the di-addition products [3,3′-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)imino]dipropanenitrile and 3-(2-{[(2-cyanoethyl)amino]methyl}-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile]. Acrylonitrile selectively reacted at the amine group in the [ZnCl3(H2L)] and [ZnCl2(HL)] complexes in aqueous solutions. Moreover, [ZnCl(HL)2]Cl and [Zn(H2O)2(HL)2]Cl2 complexes yielded mixtures of mono- and di-addition products. In contrast, Zn complexes formed with HL did not react with acrylonitrile in solution in DMSO. The synthesis of mono- and di-addition compounds was studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction crystallography. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) computations were used to demonstrate the probable presence of a mono-addition chelate complex.