15 results on '"Hugo Cesar Baggio"'
Search Results
2. Rich Club Organization and Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Participants.
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Hugo Cesar Baggio, Barbara Segura, Carme Junque, Marcel A. de Reus, Roser Sala-Llonch, and Martijn P. van den Heuvel
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- 2015
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3. Differential functional connectivity responses to iTBS in young and elder subjects. Association with memory performance
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Didac Vidal-Piñeiro, David Bartrés-Faz, Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar, J. Valls-Solé, Hugo Cesar Baggio, Pablo Martin-Trias, Kilian Abellaneda-Pérez, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Núria Bargalló, and Elisabeth Solana
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General Neuroscience ,Functional connectivity ,Biophysics ,Neurology (clinical) ,Memory performance ,Association (psychology) ,Psychology ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Differential (mathematics) ,Cognitive psychology ,Developmental psychology ,lcsh:RC321-571 - Published
- 2017
4. Alterations in brain network organization in adults with obesity as compared to healthy-weight individuals and seniors
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María Ángeles Jurado, N. Miró, María José Sender-Palacios, Barbara Segura, Mahsa Dadar, Encarnació Tor, Isabel Garcia Garcia, Alain Dagher, Maite Garolera, Hugo Cesar Baggio, Jonatan Ottino-Gonzalez, Xavier Caldú, X. Prats-Soteras, and Consol Sanchez-Garre
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Premature aging ,Brain network ,business.industry ,Functional connectivity ,Life expectancy ,Medicine ,Cognition ,Healthy weight ,Young adult ,business ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Demography - Abstract
Life expectancy and obesity rates have drastically increased in recent years. An unhealthy weight is related to long-lasting biological deregulations that might compromise the normal course of aging. The aim of the current study was to test whether the network composition of young adults with obesity would show signs of premature aging. To this end, subjects with obesity (N = 30, mean age 32.8 ± 5.68), healthy-weight controls (N = 33, mean age 30.9 ± 6.24) as well as non-demented seniors (N = 30, mean age 67.1 ± 6.65) all underwent a resting-state MRI acquisition. Functional connectivity was studied by means of graph-theory measurements (i.e., small-world index, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and mean degree). Contrary to what expected, obesity in adults was related to disruptions in small-world properties driven by increases in network segregation (i.e., clustering coefficient) as compared to elders. Also, this group showed alterations in global and regional centrality metrics (i.e., degree) relative to controls and seniors. Despite not mimicking what was here shown by seniors, the topological organization linked to an obesity status may represent a flaw for cognitive functions depending on the rapid combination between different modular communities.
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- 2019
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5. Patterns of cortical thinning in nondemented Parkinson's disease patients
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Francesc Valldeoriola, Núria Bargalló, Alexandra Abos, Carme Uribe, María José Martí, Yaroslau Compta, Hugo Cesar Baggio, Carme Junqué, and Barbara Segura
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Parkinson's disease ,Movement disorders ,neuropsychology ,Cuneus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Atrophy ,Cluster analysis ,Frontal cortical atrophy ,Malaltia de Parkinson ,medicine ,Humans ,Research Articles ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cerebral Cortex ,Malalties neurodegeneratives ,Precentral gyrus ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,Parkinson Disease ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Anàlisi de conglomerats ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Posterior cingulate ,cortical atrophy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Parahippocampal gyrus ,Research Article ,cluster analysis - Abstract
Background Clinical variability in the Parkinson's disease phenotype suggests the existence of disease subtypes. We investigated whether distinct anatomical patterns of atrophy can be identified in Parkinson's disease using a hypothesis-free, data-driven approach based on cortical thickness data. Methods T1-weighted 3-tesla MRI and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment were performed in a sample of 88 nondemented Parkinson's disease patients and 31 healthy controls. We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis of imaging data using Ward's linkage method. A general linear model with cortical thickness data was used to compare clustering groups. Results We observed 3 patterns of cortical thinning in patients when compared with healthy controls. Pattern 1 (n = 30, 34.09%) consisted of cortical atrophy in bilateral precentral gyrus, inferior and superior parietal lobules, cuneus, posterior cingulate, and parahippocampal gyrus. These patients showed worse cognitive performance when compared with controls and the other 2 patterns. Pattern 2 (n = 29, 32.95%) consisted of cortical atrophy involving occipital and frontal as well as superior parietal areas and included patients with younger age at onset. Finally, in pattern 3 (n = 29, 32.95%), there was no detectable cortical thinning. Patients in the 3 patterns did not differ in disease duration, motor severity, dopaminergic medication doses, or presence of mild cognitive impairment. Conclusions Three cortical atrophy subtypes were identified in nondemented Parkinson's disease patients: (1) parieto-temporal pattern of atrophy with worse cognitive performance, (2) occipital and frontal cortical atrophy and younger disease onset, and (3) patients without detectable cortical atrophy. These findings may help identify prognosis markers in Parkinson's disease. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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- 2016
6. Progression of Parkinson's disease patients' subtypes based on cortical thinning: 4-year follow-up
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Carme Uribe, Francesc Valldeoriola, Núria Bargalló, María José Martí, Anna Isabel Garcia-Diaz, Yaroslau Compta, Anna Campabadal, Alexandra Abos, Hugo Cesar Baggio, Carme Junqué, and Barbara Segura
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Parkinson's disease ,Trail Making Test ,Prefrontal Cortex ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Atrophy ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Frontal cortical atrophy ,Imatges per ressonància magnètica ,Internal medicine ,Malaltia de Parkinson ,medicine ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Neuropsychological assessment ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Age of Onset ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cerebral Cortex ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Envelliment cerebral ,Parkinson Disease ,Cerebral cortex ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Escorça cerebral ,030104 developmental biology ,Neurology ,Cardiology ,Aging brain ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Stroop effect ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background Three cortical atrophy patterns were previously identified in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients using a data-driven approach based on cortical thickness data: i) parieto-temporal pattern of atrophy with worse cognitive performance (pattern 1), ii) occipital and frontal cortical atrophy with younger disease onset (pattern 2), and iii) non-detectable cortical atrophy (pattern 3). We aimed to investigate the evolution of these three patterns over time. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessment were obtained at baseline and follow-up (3.8 ± 0.4 year apart) in a group of 45 Parkinson's disease patients and 22 healthy controls. FreeSurfer was used for cortical thickness analysis and global atrophy measures. Results Temporo-parietal cortical thinning occurred in pattern 2, 3 and controls groups, and patients showed decline in processing speed (as measured by the Stroop Word-Color test, the Symbol Digits Modalities test and the Trail Making Test Part B) and in semantic fluency (animals). Pattern 3 patients showed more progressive cortical thinning in the left prefrontal cortex than controls and more right occipital thinning than pattern 2 patients over time. Pattern 1 patients had greater compromise in activities of the daily living and suffered higher attrition rate. Conclusion The Parkinson's disease phenotypes identified using cluster analysis of cortical thickness data showed different progression over time. The presence of prefrontal thinning and younger disease onset at baseline was associated to less cortical degeneration, while non-atrophic patients progressed showing a temporo-parietal cortical thinning.
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- 2019
7. Resting-state frontostriatal functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease-related apathy
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Francesc Valldeoriola, Bàrbara Segura, Carme Junqué, María-José Martí, Eduardo Tolosa, Jose Luis Garrido‐Millan, Yaroslau Compta, and Hugo Cesar Baggio
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Parkinson's disease ,Resting state fMRI ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Neuropsychology ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,Lateralization of brain function ,Functional imaging ,Neurology ,medicine ,Apathy ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Cognitive decline ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroscience - Abstract
One of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is apathy, affecting between 23% and 70% of patients and thought to be related to frontostriatal dopamine deficits. In the current study, we assessed functional resting-state frontostriatal connectivity and structural changes associated with the presence of apathy in a large sample of PD subjects and healthy controls, while controlling for the presence of comorbid depression and cognitive decline. Thirty-one healthy controls (HC) and 62 age-, sex-, and education-matched PD patients underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Apathy symptoms were evaluated with the Apathy Scale (AS). The 11 Beck Depression Inventory-II items that measure dysphoric mood symptoms as well as relevant neuropsychological scores were used as nuisance factors in connectivity analyses. Voxel-wise analyses of functional connectivity between frontal lobes (limbic, executive, rostral motor, and caudal motor regions), striata (limbic, executive, sensorimotor regions), and thalami were performed. Subcortical volumetry/shape analysis and fronto-subcortical voxel-based morphometry were performed to assess associated structural changes. Twenty-five PD patients were classified as apathetic (AS > 13). Apathetic PD patients showed functional connectivity reductions compared with HC and with non-apathetic patients, mainly in left-sided circuits, and predominantly involving limbic striatal and frontal territories. Similarly, severity of apathy negatively correlated with connectivity in these circuits. No significant effects were found in structural analyses. Our results indicate that the presence of apathy in PD is associated with functional connectivity reductions in frontostriatal circuits, predominating in the left hemisphere and mainly involving its limbic components. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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- 2015
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8. Cortical atrophy patterns in early Parkinson's disease patients using hierarchical cluster analysis
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Carme Uribe, Anna Isabel Garcia-Diaz, Hugo Cesar Baggio, Carme Junqué, Barbara Segura, Alexandra Abos, Anna Campabadal, Francesc Valldeoriola, María José Martí, Yaroslau Compta, and Eduard Tolosa
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Parkinson's disease ,Neuroimaging ,Superior parietal lobule ,Cuneus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cluster analysis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Atrophy ,Malaltia de Parkinson ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Medicine ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Aged ,Cerebral Cortex ,Human Connectome Project ,business.industry ,Malalties neurodegeneratives ,Neuropsychology ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,Parkinson Disease ,Anatomy ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Anàlisi de conglomerats ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Introduction Cortical brain atrophy detectable with MRI in non-demented advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) is well characterized, but its presence in early disease stages is still under debate. We aimed to investigate cortical atrophy patterns in a large sample of early untreated PD patients using a hypothesis-free data-driven approach. Methods Seventy-seven de novo PD patients and 50 controls from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative database with T1-weighted images in a 3-tesla Siemens scanner were included in this study. Mean cortical thickness was extracted from 360 cortical areas defined by the Human Connectome Project Multi-Modal Parcellation version 1.0, and a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using Ward's linkage method. A general linear model with cortical thickness data was then used to compare clustering groups using FreeSurfer software. Results We identified two patterns of cortical atrophy. Compared with controls, patients grouped in pattern 1 (n = 33) were characterized by cortical thinning in bilateral orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and lateral and medial anterior temporal gyri. Patients in pattern 2 (n = 44) showed cortical thinning in bilateral occipital gyrus, cuneus, superior parietal gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus, and they showed neuropsychological impairment in memory and other cognitive domains. Conclusions Even in the early stages of PD, there is evidence of cortical brain atrophy. Neuroimaging clustering analysis is able to detect two subgroups of cortical thinning, one with mainly anterior atrophy, and the other with posterior predominance and worse cognitive performance.
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- 2017
9. Cognitive impairment and resting-state network connectivity in Parkinson's disease
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Yaroslau Compta, Bàrbara Segura, Francesc Valldeoriola, Carme Junqué, Roser Sala-Llonch, Eduardo Tolosa, Hugo Cesar Baggio, and María-José Martí
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Parkinson's disease ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Resting state fMRI ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Executive functions ,computer.software_genre ,Atrophy ,Neurology ,Voxel ,Task-positive network ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Psychology ,Cognitive impairment ,Neuroscience ,computer - Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate changes in the connectivity patterns of a set of cognitively relevant, dynamically interrelated brain networks in association with cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) using resting-state functional MRI. Sixty-five nondemented PD patients and 36 matched healthy controls were included. Thirty-four percent of PD patients were classified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on performance in attention/executive, visuospatial/visuoperceptual (VS/VP) and memory functions. A data-driven approach using independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify the default-mode network (DMN), the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the bilateral frontoparietal networks (FPN), which were compared between groups using a dual-regression approach controlling for gray matter atrophy. Additional seed-based analyses using a priori defined regions of interest were used to characterize local changes in intranetwork and internetwork connectivity. Structural group comparisons through voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness were additionally performed to assess associated gray matter atrophy. ICA results revealed reduced connectivity between the DAN and right frontoinsular regions in MCI patients, associated with worse performance in attention/executive functions. The DMN displayed increased connectivity with medial and lateral occipito-parietal regions in MCI patients, associated with worse VS/VP performance, and with occipital reductions in cortical thickness. In line with data-driven results, seed-based analyses mainly revealed reduced within-DAN, within-DMN and DAN-FPN connectivity, as well as loss of normal DAN-DMN anticorrelation in MCI patients. Our findings demonstrate differential connectivity changes affecting the networks evaluated, which we hypothesize to be related to the pathophysiological bases of different types of cognitive impairment in PD.
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- 2014
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10. Progressive changes in a recognition memory network in Parkinson's disease
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Pere Vendrell, Roser Sala-Llonch, Hugo Cesar Baggio, Barbara Segura, Eduard Tolosa, Núria Bargalló, Francesc Valldeoriola, Carme Junqué, Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao, and María José Martí
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Male ,Parkinson's disease ,Models, Neurological ,Precuneus ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Gyrus ,Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Middle frontal gyrus ,Longitudinal Studies ,Radionuclide Imaging ,Aged ,Recognition memory ,Memory Disorders ,Principal Component Analysis ,Parietal lobe ,Neuropsychology ,Parkinson Disease ,Recognition, Psychology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Nerve Net ,Radiopharmaceuticals ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
Background In a previous functional MRI (fMRI) study, we found that patients with Parkinson9s disease (PD) presented with dysfunctions in the recruitment of recognition memory networks. We aimed to investigate the changes in these networks over time. Methods We studied 17 PD patients and 13 age and sex matched healthy subjects. In both groups fMRI (recognition memory paradigm) and neuropsychological assessments were obtained at baseline and at follow-up. To analyse changes over time in functional networks, model free (independent component analysis) analyses of the fMRI data were carried out. Then, a cross correlation approach was used to assess the changes in the strength of functional connectivity. Results At follow-up, patients showed reduced recruitment of one network, including decreased activation in the orbitofrontal cortices, middle frontal gyri, frontal poles, anterior paracingulate cortex, superior parietal lobes and left middle temporal gyrus, as well as decreased deactivation in the anterior paracingulate gyrus and precuneus. Cross correlation analyses over time showed a decrease in the strength of functional connectivity between the middle frontal gyrus and the superior parietal lobe in PD patients. Conclusions Model free fMRI and cross correlation connectivity analyses were able to detect progressive changes in functional networks involved in recognition memory in PD patients at early disease stages and without overt clinical deterioration. Functional connectivity analyses could be useful to monitor changes in brain networks underlying neuropsychological deficits in PD.
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- 2012
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11. Cortical thinning associated with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease
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Anna Isabel Garcia-Diaz, Francesc Valldeoriola, Pere Vendrell, Núria Bargalló, Carme Junqué, Eduardo Tolosa, Bàrbara Segura, Maria Josep Marti, Hugo Cesar Baggio, and Yaroslau Compta
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Parkinson's disease ,Movement disorders ,Cognition disorders ,Statistics as Topic ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Severity of Illness Index ,Trastorns de la cognició ,Atrophy ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Imatges per ressonància magnètica ,Neuropsychology ,Malaltia de Parkinson ,medicine ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Neuropsychological assessment ,Aged ,Cerebral Cortex ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Working memory ,Cognition ,Parkinson Disease ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Executive functions ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Neurology ,Female ,Neuropsicologia ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate patterns of cortical atrophy associated with mild cognitive impairment in a large sample of nondemented Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and its relation with specific neuropsychological deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological assessment were performed in a sample of 90 nondemented PD patients and 32 healthy controls. All underwent a neuropsychological battery including tests that assess different cognitive domains: attention and working memory, executive functions, memory, language, and visuoperceptual-visuospatial functions. Patients were classified according to their cognitive status as PD patients without mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 43) and PD patients with MCI (n = 47). Freesurfer software was used to obtain maps of cortical thickness for group comparisons and correlation with neuropsychological performance. Patients with MCI showed regional cortical thinning in parietotemporal regions, increased global atrophy (global cortical thinning, total gray matter volume reduction, and ventricular enlargement), as well as significant cognitive impairment in memory, executive, and visuospatial and visuoperceptual domains. Correlation analyses showed that all neuropsychological tests were associated with cortical thinning in parietotemporal regions and to a lesser extent in frontal regions. These results provide neuroanatomic support to the concept of MCI classified according to Movement Disorders Society criteria. The posterior pattern of atrophy in temporoparietal regions could be a structural neuroimaging marker of cognitive impairment in nondemented PD patients. All of the neuropsychological tests reflected regional brain atrophy, but no specific patterns were seen corresponding to impairment in distinct cognitive domains. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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- 2014
12. Resting-state frontostriatal functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease-related apathy
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Hugo Cesar, Baggio, Bàrbara, Segura, Jose Luis, Garrido-Millan, Maria-José, Marti, Yaroslau, Compta, Francesc, Valldeoriola, Eduardo, Tolosa, and Carme, Junque
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Male ,Rest ,Apathy ,Parkinson Disease ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,White Matter ,Corpus Striatum ,Frontal Lobe ,Oxygen ,Neural Pathways ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Female ,Aged - Abstract
One of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is apathy, affecting between 23% and 70% of patients and thought to be related to frontostriatal dopamine deficits. In the current study, we assessed functional resting-state frontostriatal connectivity and structural changes associated with the presence of apathy in a large sample of PD subjects and healthy controls, while controlling for the presence of comorbid depression and cognitive decline. Thirty-one healthy controls (HC) and 62 age-, sex-, and education-matched PD patients underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Apathy symptoms were evaluated with the Apathy Scale (AS). The 11 Beck Depression Inventory-II items that measure dysphoric mood symptoms as well as relevant neuropsychological scores were used as nuisance factors in connectivity analyses. Voxel-wise analyses of functional connectivity between frontal lobes (limbic, executive, rostral motor, and caudal motor regions), striata (limbic, executive, sensorimotor regions), and thalami were performed. Subcortical volumetry/shape analysis and fronto-subcortical voxel-based morphometry were performed to assess associated structural changes. Twenty-five PD patients were classified as apathetic (AS 13). Apathetic PD patients showed functional connectivity reductions compared with HC and with non-apathetic patients, mainly in left-sided circuits, and predominantly involving limbic striatal and frontal territories. Similarly, severity of apathy negatively correlated with connectivity in these circuits. No significant effects were found in structural analyses. Our results indicate that the presence of apathy in PD is associated with functional connectivity reductions in frontostriatal circuits, predominating in the left hemisphere and mainly involving its limbic components.
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- 2014
13. Cognitive impairment and resting-state network connectivity in Parkinson's disease
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Hugo-Cesar, Baggio, Bàrbara, Segura, Roser, Sala-Llonch, Maria-José, Marti, Francesc, Valldeoriola, Yaroslau, Compta, Eduardo, Tolosa, and Carme, Junqué
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Male ,Brain Mapping ,Rest ,Brain ,Parkinson Disease ,Middle Aged ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Oxygen ,Neural Pathways ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Attention ,Female ,Nerve Net ,Cognition Disorders ,Research Articles ,Aged - Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate changes in the connectivity patterns of a set of cognitively relevant, dynamically interrelated brain networks in association with cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) using resting‐state functional MRI. Sixty‐five nondemented PD patients and 36 matched healthy controls were included. Thirty‐four percent of PD patients were classified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on performance in attention/executive, visuospatial/visuoperceptual (VS/VP) and memory functions. A data‐driven approach using independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify the default‐mode network (DMN), the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the bilateral frontoparietal networks (FPN), which were compared between groups using a dual‐regression approach controlling for gray matter atrophy. Additional seed‐based analyses using a priori defined regions of interest were used to characterize local changes in intranetwork and internetwork connectivity. Structural group comparisons through voxel‐based morphometry and cortical thickness were additionally performed to assess associated gray matter atrophy. ICA results revealed reduced connectivity between the DAN and right frontoinsular regions in MCI patients, associated with worse performance in attention/executive functions. The DMN displayed increased connectivity with medial and lateral occipito‐parietal regions in MCI patients, associated with worse VS/VP performance, and with occipital reductions in cortical thickness. In line with data‐driven results, seed‐based analyses mainly revealed reduced within‐DAN, within‐DMN and DAN‐FPN connectivity, as well as loss of normal DAN‐DMN anticorrelation in MCI patients. Our findings demonstrate differential connectivity changes affecting the networks evaluated, which we hypothesize to be related to the pathophysiological bases of different types of cognitive impairment in PD. Hum Brain Mapp, 36:199–212, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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- 2014
14. Brain connectivity and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
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Hugo Cesar Baggio, Junqué i Plaja, Carme, 1955, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica
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Aging brain, Geriatric neurology ,Parkinson's disease ,Envelliment cerebral ,Geriatric neurology ,Neurología geriátrica ,Neurologia geriàtrica ,Ciències de la Salut ,Ressonància magnètica nuclear ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Enfermedad de Parkinson ,Malaltia de Parkinson ,616.89 ,Aging brain ,Envejecimiento cerebral ,Resonancia magnètica nuclear (Física) - Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative process with several motor and non-motor manifestations. Among non-motor symptoms, cognitive decline is a major cause of disability, and its neural bases are poorly understood. In recent years, multimodal neuroimaging techniques have proven to be useful tools in the investigation of the bases of cognitive impairment related to neurological diseases. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the neuroimaging substrates of Parkinson’s disease-related cognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations through a network approach, using state-of-the art magnetic resonance imaging techniques to assess associated connectivity and structural changes. In this work, two samples of Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy controls underwent neuropsychological evaluation as well as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. One of these samples included 121 Parkinson’s disease patients and 49 healthy controls. The data obtained were used in 2 studies addressing the resting-state functional connectivity changes associated with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease; one using a graph-theory approach, and the second assessing large-scale intrinsic connectivity networks through an independent-component analysis/dual regression approach. A third was performed to assess connectivity disruptions in frontostriatal circuits associated with the presence of apathy in Parkinson’s disease. And a fourth study was made assessing cortical thickness changes associated with the presence of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. The second sample included the longitudinal evaluation of 17 Parkinson’s disease patients and 15 healthy controls, and the data obtained resulted in two studies regarding progressive cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease patients. A seventh study, using subjects from both samples, was performed to evaluate microstructural white matter changes (using diffusion tensor imaging) and gray matter changes (through voxel-based morphometry) related to the presence of facial emotion recognition deficits in Parkinson’s disease. We have found that a high percentage of Parkinson’s disease patients had mild cognitive impairment. These patients showed altered patterns of resting-state functional connectivity characterized by the loss of long range connections and strengthening of local connectivity. From a graph-theory perspective, these changes translated as increased small-world coefficients, modularity and clustering coefficients, which correlated with visuospatial/visuoperceptual and memory performance. The study of large-scale networks showed that patients with mild cognitive impairment had reduced connectivity between the dorsal attention network and the right frontoinsular region, and that this reduction was associated with attention/executive deficits. Additionally, parieto-occipital regions that belong to the dorsal attention network showed reduced connectivity with anterior taskpositive regions and loss of the normal anticorrelated pattern with the default mode network; furthermore, these posterior regions showed structural degeneration. Finally, these posterior structural and functional changes were associated with the presence of visuospatial/visuoperceptual deficits. The analysis of Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment revealed a pattern of cortical thinning predominating in parietooccipito-temporal regions. The longitudinal analysis of progressive structural changes in early Parkinson’s disease revealed that these patients had more marked cortical thinning in frontotemporal regions, even before the onset of clinically evident cognitive manifestations. The functional analysis of a recognition memory network likewise showed signs of progressive connectivity changes without overt clinical deterioration. We conclude that different types of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease are associated with different patterns of resting-state functional connectivity, structural connectivity and GM structural changes involving distinct neural systems. Different techniques and different conceptual frameworks can provide useful information in the characterization of the neural bases of cognitive deficits associated with Parkinson’s disease., La malaltia de Parkinson és un procés neurodegeneratiu que té diverses manifestacions motores i no motores. Entre les manifestacions no motores, el deteriorament cognitiu és una causa important i comú de discapacitat; al cap de 20 anys des de l’inici de la malaltia, més de 80% dels pacients desenvolupen demència. Tot i tenir una alta prevalença i representar un factor de pèrdua de qualitat de vida tant pels pacients com per als seus cuidadors, les bases neurals d’aquestes alteracions són poc conegudes. En els últims anys, les tècniques d’imatge multimodals han demostrat ser útils en la investigació de les bases dels dèficits cognitius associats a les malalties neurològiques, i alguns estudis previs han trobat alteracions cerebrals tant estructurals com funcionals en subjectes amb la malaltia de Parkinson. D’altra banda, el concepte de deteriorament cognitiu lleu (DCL), utilitzat per definir la presència d’un rendiment cognitiu inferior al esperat segons l’edat i el nivell educatiu – i un major risc de desenvolupament de demència – s’ha començat a aplicar en el context de la malaltia de Parkinson. A més, en estudis epidemiològics s’ha vist que la presència d’alguns tipus d’alteració cognitiva – concretament, aquells que tenen substrats neurals predominants en regions corticals posteriors, com són dèficits visuoespacials i visuoperceptius – indiquen una major probabilitat de desenvolupar demència. Al contrari, en els dèficits relacionats amb els desequilibris en la neurotransmissió dopaminèrgica (com són els dèficits d’atenció i executius), no s’ha trobat que siguin marcadors de pitjor pronòstic cognitiu. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi va ser avaluar els substrats neuroanatòmics i neurofuncionals de les diferents alteracions cognitives i neuropsiquiàtriques relacionades amb la malaltia de Parkinson mitjançant un abordatge de xarxes, tot utilitzant tècniques avançades de ressonància magnètica per estudiar les disfuncions de la connectivitat cerebral. En aquesta tesi, es van utilitzar dues mostres de pacients amb malaltia de Parkinson i subjectes sans que es van sotmetre a avaluació neuropsicològica i de ressonància magnètica funcional i estructural. La primera d’aquestes mostres va incloure 121 malalts de Parkinson i 49 controls sans. Les dades obtingudes amb aquesta mostra han sigut utilitzades en cinc estudis (estudis 1, 2, 3, 4 i 5), tres dels quals van abordar la connectivitat funcional cerebral en repòs i les alteracions estructurals associats a la presència de DCL. Per definir la presència de DCL, en dos estudis (estudis 1 i 2) s’han avaluat els déficits en tres dominis cognitius (atenció/funcions executives, memòria i funcions visuoespacials/visuoperceptives); en l’altre estudi (estudi 3), s’ha utilitzat un mqtode de classificació d’acord amb les recents directrius proposades per la Movement Disorder Society Task Force, que consideren el rendiment en cinc dominis (atenció/memòria de treball, funcions executives, memòria, llenguatge i funcions visuoespacials/visuoperceptives). En els estudis 1 i 2, es van avaluar 66 pacients i 36 controls utilitzant tècniques d’avaluació de la connectivitat cerebral en repòs i les alteracions corresponents associats a la presència de DCL. Trenta cinc per cent dels pacients amb malaltia de Parkinson van complir criteris de DCL. Estudi 1: En aquest estudi, s’ha aplicat un abordatge de teoria de grafs per avaluar les alteracions globals de connectivitat. Per tal de reconstruir les xarxes cerebrals, la substància grisa cortical i subcortical s’ha dividit en 90 regions definides amb l’atles Automated Anatomical Labelling. Posteriorment, s’ha calculat la correlació temporal de l’activitat entre cada parell de regions, obtenint-se així una matriu representativa de la connectivitat funcional de tot el cervell. En un primer pas, s’han comparat directament aquestes matrius de correlació per tal d’avaluar el patró de reducció o augment de connectivitat en els diferents subgrups de pacients. Aquest anàlisi va revelar que els pacients amb DCL tenien reduccions de connectivitat, sobretot afectant les connexions interlobulars de llarga distància, així com alguns augments de connectivitat, sobretot en connexions mps curtes. Posteriorment, s’han utilitzat les matrius de correlació per calcular mesures globals i regionals de teoria de grafs. Concretament, s’han avaluat paràmetres que mesuren la integració (l’eficiència d’intercanvi d’informació entre distintes àrees cerebrals): el characteristic path length i l’eficiència global;i paràmetres de segregació, que mesuren la interconnectivitat local: el clustering coefficient i l’eficiència local. També s’ha avaluat el grau de modularitat de les xarxes cerebrals, és a dir, quant de bé aquestes xarxes es podien dividir en mòduls o comunitats de nodes densament interconnectats, amb poques connexions entre diferents mòduls. S’ha observat que els pacients amb DCL presentaven augments en les mesures de segregació i de modularitat. Les anàlisis de correlació han revelat que aquestes mesures es correlacionaven amb el rendiment en funcions visuoespacials/visuoperceptives i de memòria. En l’anàlisi de les mesures de centralitat dels nodes – és a dir, la importància que tenen en el tràfic d’informació dins de la xarxa –, s’ha observat que els nodes que solen ser més centrals en subjectes sans (els anomenats hubs cerebrals) perden centralitat en els pacients amb malaltia de Parkinson. Aquest resultat indica una reorganització d’aquestes xarxes caracteritzat per un augment del flux d’informació neural a travès de nodes que en subjectes sans són menys rellevants. Aquest estudi es va publicar a la revista Human Brain Mapping a l’any 2014 (Cognitive impairment and resting-state network connectivity in Parkinson’s disease). Estudi 2: s’ha utilitzat la mateixa mostra que en l’estudi 1. S’ha utilitzat, però, un altre tipus d’anàlisi amb l’objectiu d’estudiar els patrons de connectivitat dins d’un conjunt de xarxes cerebrals que, segons estudis previs, tenen un paper rellevant en els processos cognitius: la default mode network, la xarxa dorsal de l’atenció i la xarxa frontoparietal. Inicialment, s’ha realitzat un anàlisi de components independents amb les dades de ressonància magnètica funcional en repòs per tal d’identificar les xarxes d’interès a nivell grupal. Posteriorment, s’ha utilitzat la tècnica de dual regression per identificar les mateixes xarxes a nivell individual, i que permet comparacions entre els grups. En aquesta anàlisi, s’ha observat que els pacients amb DCL presentaven reduccions de connectivitat entre la xarxa dorsal de l’atenció i l’ínsula anterior i regions adjacents del lòbul frontal dret. En el grup de pacients, el nivell de connectivitat en aquestes regions es correlacionava amb el rendiment en el domini d’atenció/executiu. A més, s’ha vist que els pacients amb DCL presentaven un augment de connectivitat entre extenses àrees parieto-occipitals i la default mode network; aquestes disfuncions de connectivitat també estaven associats a pitjor rendiment cognitiu, però en aquest cas en el domini visuoespacial/visuoperceptiu. Com anàlisi addicional per definir les alteracions locals de connectivitat, es va realitzar una avaluació de les connexions entre els nodes individuals de les xarxes d’interès; per definir aquests nodes, s’han seleccionat a priori les coordenades disponibles en un estudi de referència. Aquesta anàlisi ha demostrat que els augments de connectivitat de regions corticals posteriors amb la default mode network en realitat estaven caracteritzats per una pèrdua del patró normal d’anticorrelació amb aquesta xarxa observat en controls sans. A més, s’ha vist que aquestes mateixes regions tenien menys connectivitat amb les altres xarxes avaluades. Finalment, s’han realitzat anàlisis complementaris per avaluar la presència de degeneració estructural de la substància grisa que pogués estar associada a les alteracions funcionals observades. L’anàlisi del gruix cortical va revelar la presència de reduccions en els pacients amb DCL en regions parieto-occipitals; aquestes reduccions estaven associades a les alteracions de connectivitat de la default mode network i amb el rendiment visuoespacial/visuoperceptiu. Aquest estudi es va publicar a la revista Human Brain Mapping a l’any 2014 (Functional brain networks and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease). Estudi 5: En el tercer estudi en que es va avaluar la connectivitat funcional en repòs, l’objectiu va ser investigar les alteracions en els circuits fronto-estriats en la malaltia de Parkinson amb apatia – un trastorn neuropsiquiàtric molt freqüent en pacients amb aquesta malaltia. Amb aquesta finalitat, es va utilitzar la mateixa mostra que en els dos primers estudis. Es van classificat els subjectes en apàtics o no-apâtics segons la puntuació en l’escala d’apatia de Starkstein. A més, es va tenir en compte la presència de trastorns depressius, que, a més de tenir una alta prevalença en la malaltia de Parkinson, freqüentment coexisteixen amb l’apatia i tenen manifestacions que s’hi solapen. Així doncs, també es va aplicar l’escala de depressió de Beck; la puntuació en els 11 ítems d’aquesta escala que representen els símptomes disfòrics, més específics de la depressió, es va utilitzar com a covariable en totes les anàlisis. Per a realitzar l’anàlisi de connectivitat funcional, es va parcel·lar l’estriat en 3 regions – límbica, executiva i sensorimotora. Així mateix, es va parcel·lar l’escorça frontal en 4 regions – límbica, executiva, rostral motora i caudal motora. Vint pacients (41%) es van classificar com apâtics (puntuació > 13 en l’escala d’apatia). L’anàlisi de connectivitat va revelar que la presència d’apatia estava acompanyada de reduccions, que principalment afectaven les regions límbiques tant del estriat com de l’escoroa prefrontal. Per tal d’avaluar si aquestes alteracions s’acompanyaven de degeneració de les estructures avaluades, es van realitzar anàlisis addicionals amb voxel-based morphometry de les estructures corticals i subcorticals, a més de volumetria i shape analysis dels nuclis del estriat. No s’han obtingut resultats significatius amb cap d’aquests abordatges. Aquest estudi està actualment en revisió en una revista indexada. Estudi 3: En aquest estudi, 90 pacients i 32 controls van ser estudiats mitjançant tècniques d’avaluació del gruix cortical. Trenta dos (52%) pacients van complir criteris de DCL. S’ha observat que el grup de pacients amb DCL presentava reduccions del gruix cortical en regions parieto-temporals, així com augment en mesures d’atròfia global tals com reducció del gruix cortical global i del volum de substància grisa, així com augment del volum ventricular. Les anàlisis de correlació van revelar que el rendiment en totes les proves neuropsicològiques estava associat a la pèrdua de gruix cortical posterior. Aquest estudi es va publicar a la revista Movement Disorders a l’any 2014 (Cortical thinning associated with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease). Per a la segona mostra de subjectes, es van reclutar 24 pacients amb malaltia de Parkinson inicial i 24 controls sans, els quals es van estudiar mitjançant ressonància magnètica estructural i funcional així com mitjançant exploració neuropsicològica. Disset pacients i 15 controls van ser avaluats longitudinalment, amb una segona avaluació després d’un seguiment mitjà de 35,5 mesos. Estudi 6: En el primer estudi fet amb aquesta mostra, es van incloure 17 pacients i 13 controls, i l’objectiu va ser estudiar la xarxa de memòria de reconeixement. Per això es va utilitzar una seqüència de ressonància magnètica funcional amb un paradigma de memòria de reconeixement que consistia en intentar reconèixer les 35 paraules prèviament apreses entre una llista de 70 paraules. Les dades obtingudes van ser avaluades a través de abordatges convencionals o model-based, així com a través de tècniques model-free (anàlisi de components independents). En la primera anàlisi, es va identificar el patró d’activació associat a la tasca. En l’anàlisi de components independents, també es van identificar els components associats a la tasca; les principals regions activades en la component més associada a la tasca es van utilitzar com a regions d’interès en un anàlisi subsegüent de canvis progressius de connectivitat. Es va trobar una correlació entre la activació de la component independent més associada a la tasca i el rendiment de memòria de reconeixement dels pacients. A més, l’avaluació longitudinal va revelar canvis progressius en la connectivitat entre els principals nodes d’aquesta xarxa, caracteritzats per la pèrdua de connectivitat entre regions frontoparietals i la preservació de la connectivitat frontofrontal (que en els controls sans s’havia reduït). Aquest estudi es va publicar a la revista Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry a l’any 2013 (Progressive changes in a recognition memory network in Parkinson's disease). Estudi 7: En aquest segon estudi fet amb la segona mostra, s’ha volgut analitzar el patró d’atròfia progressiva de la substància grisa en la malaltia de Parkinson inicial i la seva relació amb canvis neuropsicològics. Amb aquesta finalitat, les dades de setze pacients i 15 controls van ser avaluades amb tècniques de gruix cortical, volum de substància grisa a través de voxel-based morphometry i volumetria cortical i subcortical. Es van trobar reduccions progressives del gruix cortical en regions frontotemporals bilaterals. L’avaluació neuropsicològica va revelar que els pacients tenien pitjor rendiment en proves d’atenció i de velocitat psicomotora, però aquestes variables no es correlacionaven amb els canvis corticals. Aquest estudi es va publicar a la revista Movement Disorders a l’any 2012 (Progression of cortical thinning in early Parkinson's disease). Un últim estudi (estudi 4) es va realitzar amb subjectes de la primera i de la segona mostra. Es va seleccionar una submostra de 39 pacients i 23 controls amb la finalitat d’avaluar les alteracions de les substàncies blanca i grisa associats als dèficits de reconeixement d’emocions facials en la malaltia de Parkinson. Es van utilitzar imatges potenciades en difusió per l’estudi d’alteracions microestructurals de la substància blanca en els tractes llargs que connecten les estructures cerebrals involucrades en el processament emocional, mitjançant tècniques de imatge per tensor de difusió. A més, les imatges estructurals es van avaluar a través de voxelbased morphometry per estudiar les alteracions de volum de la substància grisa en les estructures cerebrals prèviament descrites com rellevants pel processament d’emocions. El rendiment en el reconeixement d’emocions facials es va mesurar mitjançant la prova d’Ekman. Els pacients amb la malaltia de Parkinson van obtenir un rendiment inferior als controls en la identificació de les emocions negatives (tristesa, ràbia, por i fàstic). L’anàlisi de correlacions va revelar que els dèficits d’identificació de tristesa correlacionaven amb els valors d’anisotropia fraccional –un paràmetre de la microestructura de la substància blanca– sobretot en el fascicle fronto-occipital inferior dret. L’anàlisi de substància grisa, per contra, va revelar que la identificació de tristesa correlacionava amb el volum de l’escoroa orbitofrontal dreta, amígdala i gir postcentral; la identificació de ràbia correlacionava amb el volum de substància grisa de l’estriat ventral, escorça infragenual i gir fusiform occipital dret; i la identificació de fàstic correlacionava amb volum de substància grisa en el còrtex cingulat anterior. Aquest estudi es va publicar a la revista Neuropsychologia a l’any 2012 (Structural correlates of facial emotion recognition deficits in Parkinson's disease patients). Tots aquests estudis ens permeten concloure que un alt percentatge de pacients amb malaltia de Parkinson tenen alteracions cognitives i compleixen criteris de DCL. L’anàlisi de neuroimatge mitjançant diferents estratègies demostra que la presència de DCL en la malaltia de Parkinson s’acompanya d’alteracions estructurals i funcionals. A més, diferents tipus de dèficit cognitiu es relacionen amb diferents patrons d’alteració. A nivell de connectivitat funcional en repòs, els pacients amb malaltia de Parkinson amb DCL presenten un patró predominant de reducció de connectivitat de llarg abast i augment de la connectivitat local, que es tradueix en un augment del caràcter modular i de segregació de les xarxes cerebrals. Així mateix, s’observa una reducció de connectivitat de components de xarxes de connectivitat intrínseca rellevants per al processament cognitiu, que es caracteritza per una reducció de connectivitat d’una xarxa involucrada en processos de l’atenció (xarxa dorsal de l’atenció) i la regió insular anterior dreta. Al mateix temps, s’observa una reducció de connectivitat de regions corticals posteriors amb regions cerebrals anteriors, que s’associa a atròfia cortical posterior i a la presència de dèficits en les funcions visuoespacials/visuoperceptives. L’anàlisi de la connectivitat funcional en repòs revela també que la presència d’apatia en la malaltia de Parkinson s’acompanya de reduccions en circuits fronto-estriats, que sobretot afecten els components del sistema de recompensa, és a dir, l’estriat ventral i l’escorça orbitofrontal. Els resultats de l’anàlisi d’alteracions microestructurals de la substància blanca associats al pitjor reconeixement d’emocions facials semblen indicar que els dèficits de connectivitat estructural també estan implicats en l’ocurrència dels dèficits cognitius en la malaltia de Parkinson. Finalment, en pacients amb malaltia de Parkinson inicial, s’han aportat evidències sobre el poder dels mètodes de neuroimatge per a detectar alteracions estructurals (pèrdua de gruix neocortical) i funcional fins i tot abans de l’inici de símptomes cognitius clínicament evidents. En conclusió, els resultats obtinguts en els diferents estudis d’aquesta tesi ens permeten concloure que distintes tècniques i diferents marcs conceptuals poden proporcionar informació útil per a la caracterització de les bases neurals dels dèficits cognitius i emocionals associats a la malaltia de Parkinson.
- Published
- 2014
15. Structural correlates of facial emotion recognition deficits in Parkinson's disease patients
- Author
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Francesc Valldeoriola, Bàrbara Segura, Eduard Tolosa, Carme Junqué, Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao, Yaroslau Compta, María-José Martí, and Hugo Cesar Baggio
- Subjects
Male ,Parkinson's disease ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Basal Ganglia ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroimaging ,Imatges per ressonància magnètica ,Neuropsychology ,Malaltia de Parkinson ,Fractional anisotropy ,medicine ,Limbic System ,Humans ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,media_common ,Aged ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Fusiform gyrus ,Postcentral gyrus ,Ventral striatum ,Emocions ,Parkinson Disease ,Recognition, Psychology ,Organ Size ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Sadness ,Facial Expression ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Case-Control Studies ,Neuropsicologia ,Orbitofrontal cortex ,Female ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
The ability to recognize facial emotion expressions, especially negative ones, is described to be impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Previous neuroimaging work evaluating the neural substrate of facial emotion recognition (FER) in healthy and pathological subjects has mostly focused on functional changes. This study was designed to evaluate gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) correlates of FER in a large sample of PD. Thirty-nine PD patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) were tested with the Ekman 60 test for FER and with magnetic resonance imaging. Effects of associated depressive symptoms were taken into account. In accordance with previous studies, PD patients performed significantly worse in recognizing sadness, anger and disgust. In PD patients, voxel-based morphometry analysis revealed areas of positive correlation between individual emotion recognition and GM volume: in the right orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala and postcentral gyrus and sadness identification; in the right occipital fusiform gyrus, ventral striatum and subgenual cortex and anger identification, and in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and disgust identification. WM analysis through diffusion tensor imaging revealed significant positive correlations between fractional anisotropy levels in the frontal portion of the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and the performance in the identification of sadness. These findings shed light on the structural neural bases of the deficits presented by PD patients in this skill.
- Published
- 2011
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