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Achieving women's health equity and empowerment is a global priority. In a Western context, women are often disempowered by the value society places on body size, shape or weight, which can create a barrier to health. Health promotion programs can exacerbate women's preoccupations with their bodies by focusing outcomes toward achieving an "ideal" body size. Women's health promotion activities should be empowering if the desired outcomes are to improve their health and well-being long-term. This review sought to identify key elements from health promotion programs that aimed to empower women. A search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL complete, and Academic Search Premiere databases. The search yielded 27 articles that collectively reported on 10 different programs. Through thematic synthesis, each article was analyzed for (1) key program features employed to empower women and (2) how such programs evaluated women's health. Seven themes resulted, of which five describe key empowering features ("active participation," "social support," "sustainable change," "holistic health perspective," "strength-based approach") and two evaluation characteristics (assessment across multiple health domains and a mixed-method design). The findings from this review can assist health promoters to design and improve initiatives that aim to empower women.

Aim: Private practice is one of the most rapidly growing, but under‐researched employment sectors for graduate dietitians in Australia, limiting evidence‐based workforce development. This scoping review examines existing international literature to gain an understanding of the current private practice workforce size, distribution, demography and workforce development considerations, including competencies, supply and demand, remuneration and professional development activities. Methods: The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, EMCARE, PsycInfo (Ovid) and grey literature were systematically searched in August 2023 using key search terms to identify studies for inclusion. Articles were included if they related to private practice dietetics and described an aspect of workforce. Original research, government and organisational reports, statements of practice and websites providing governmental or organisational statistics were included. A directed content analysis and qualitative constant comparison technique were used to deductively map intelligence sources against a workforce development framework. A gap analysis was also conducted to provide a focus for future workforce development research. Results: A total of 72 peer‐reviewed and grey literature sources were included, with 65% of the studies being Australian‐based publications. Private practice dietetics research interest has increased in the last decade. Despite a breadth of published sources, this review found little published data on workforce size, distribution, demography, supply, demand, continued professional development and remuneration, indicating a significant gap in the evidence base. Existing literature focuses on workforce challenges and barriers, the work of private practice dietitians, with limited exploration of competency requirements for graduate private practitioners. Conclusions: The literature on the private practice dietetics workforce is lacking worldwide, which constrains evidenced‐based workforce development initiatives. Workforce development research across all workforce aspects is warranted to address current evidence gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish scales of Salmo trutta exhibited regional patterning in Sr and Mn concentrations in major third-order tributaries in a small upland catchment (the Dee catchment in Wales, United Kingdom; drainage area ~1800 [km.sup.2]) that appeared to reflect regional variability in catchment geology and stream water chemistry. When baseline signatures in scale element concentrations were established at a number of sites (n = 12) among the upper, middle, and lower regions of the Dee catchment, 73% of fish were classified to their region of capture based on Sr and Mn in scales. However, the regional patterning in scale chemistry was degraded when high-resolution catchment-wide variability in scale element concentrations was predicted using element concentrations in stream water as a proxy for Sr and Mn in scales at 792 sites in first-, second-, and third-order tributaries in the catchment (mean distance between neighbouring sites = 738 m, range = 41-3634 m). This analysis indicated that many locations throughout the catchment could be potential source locations and demonstrates that the initial classification accuracy was artificially inflated. We have illustrated limitations of the site-based study design commonly employed in biogeochemical tagging studies. Future studies should take account of potential variation in baseline signatures at fine geographical scales when determining the accuracy of stock discrimination using biogeochemical tags. Les ecailles de truite de mer Salmo trutta presentent une repartition regionalisee des concentrations de Sr et Mn dans les grands affluents de [3.sup.e] ordre d'un petit bassin versant de hautes terres (le bassin versant de Dee, Pays de Galles, Royaume-Uni; superficie ~1800 [km.sup.2]) qui semble refleter la variabilite regionale de la geologie et de la chimie des eaux des cours d'eau dans le bassin versant. L'etablissement des signatures de base des concentrations elementaires d'ecailles en differents sites (n = 12) dans les regions superieure, intermediate et inferieure du bassin versant de Dee a mene a l'affectation de 73 % des poissons a leur region de capture a la lumiere du Sr et du Mn dans les ecailles. Cependant, la repartition regionalisee de la chimie des ecailles se degrade quand la variabilite a haute resolution a l'echelle du bassin des concentrations elementaires des ecailles est predite a la lumiere des concentrations elementaires de l'eau de cours d'eau utilisees comme variables substitutives des concentrations de Sr et Mn dans les ecailles en 792 sites dans des affluents de [1.sup.er], [2.sup.e] et [3.sup.e] ordres du bassin versant (distance moyenne entre sites voisins = 738 m, fourchette = 41-3634 m). L'analyse indique que de nombreux emplacements dans le bassin versant pourraient etre des sources potentielles et demontre que l'exactitude initiale de la classification etait artificiellement gonflee. Nous avons illustre les limites de la methodologie basee sur les sites couramment employee dans les etudes de marquage biogeochimique. Les etudes futures devraient tenir compte des variations potentielles des signatures de base a petite echelle geographique dans la determination de l'exactitude de la discrimination des stocks reposant sur des marqueurs biogeochimiques. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction The application of 'biogeochemical tags' in ecological research has greatly improved our knowledge of the spatial ecology of aquatic animals (Campana 1999; Hobson 1999) and has generated much interest [...]