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1. Racial Disparities and Achievement of the Low Lupus Disease Activity State: A CARRARegistry Study

Author: Soulsby, William Daniel, Olveda, Rebecca, He, Jie, Berbert, Laura, Weller, Edie, Barbour, Kamil E., Greenlund, Kurt J., Schanberg, Laura E., von Scheven, Emily, Hersh, Aimee, Son, Mary Beth F., Chang, Joyce, Knight, Andrea, Aamir, R., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Aguiar Lapsia, C., Akinsete, A., Akoghlanian, S., Al Manaa, M., AlBijadi, A., Allenspach, E., Almutairi, A., Alperin, R., Amarilyo, G., Ambler, W., Amoruso, M., Angeles‐Han, S., Ardoin, S., Armendariz, S., Asfaw, L., Aviran Dagan, N., Bacha, C., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballinger, S., Baluta, S., Barillas‐Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Baxter, S., Becker, M., Begezda, A., Behrens, E., Beil, E., Benseler, S., Bermudez‐Santiago, L., Bernal, W., Bigley, T., Bingham, C., Binstadt, B., Black, C., Blackmon, B., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boneparth, A., Bradfield, H., Bridges, J., Brooks, E., Brothers, M., Brunner, H., Buckley, L., Buckley, M., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullock, D., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Canny, S., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Castro, D., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang, M., Chang, J., Chang‐Hoftman, A., Chen, A., Chiraseveenuprapund, P., Ciaglia, K., Co, D., Cohen, E., Collinge, J., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cook, K., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Corbin, K., Correll, C., Cron, R., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Datyner, E., Davis, T., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., DeCoste, C., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., DeSantis, E., Devine, R., Dhalla, M., Dhanrajani, A., Dissanayake, D., Dizon, B., Drapeau, N., Drew, J., Driest, K., Du, Q., Duncan, E., Dunnock, K., Durkee, D., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Ede, K., Edelheit, B., Edens, C., El Tal, T., Elder, M., Elzaki, Y., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Favier, L., Feldman, B., Fennell, J., Ferguson, P., Ferguson, I., Figueroa, C., Flanagan, E., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franklin, L., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., Furey, M., Futch‐West, T., Gagne, S., Gennaro, V., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gironella, A., Glaser, D., Goh, I., Goldsmith, D., Gorry, S., Goswami, N., Gottlieb, B., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Grim, A., Grom, A., Guevara, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hamda Natur, M., Hammelev, E., Hammond, T., Harel, L., Harris, J., Harry, O., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hays, K., Hayward, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horton, D., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huberts, A., Huggins, J., Huie, L., Hui‐Yuen, J., Ibarra, M., Imlay, A., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Jackson, A., James, K., Janow, G., Jared, S., Jiang, Y., Johnson, L., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Kafisheh, D., Kahn, P., Kaidar, K., Kasinathan, S., Kaur, R., Kessler, E., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein‐Gitelman, M., Knight, A., Kovalick, L., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Kudas, O., LaFlam, T., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lapin, B., Lasky, A., Lawler, C., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lee, A., Leisinger, E., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levinsky, Y., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Limenis, E., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lionetti, G., Livny, R., Lloyd, M., Lo, M., Long, A., Lopez‐Peña, M., Lovell, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Lytch, A., Ma, M., Machado, A., MacMahon, J., Madison, J., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Mansfield, L., Marston, B., Mason, T., Matchett, D., McAllister, L., McBrearty, K., McColl, J., McCurdy, D., McDaniels, K., McDonald, J., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mian, Z., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Milojevic, D., Mitacek, R., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, T., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Moreno, J., Morgan, E., Moyer, A., Murante, B., Murphy, A., Muscal, E., Mwizerwa, O., Najafi, A., Nanda, K., Nasah, N., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Nearanz, K., Neely, J., Newhall, L., Nguyen, A., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Nolan, B., Nowicki, K., Oakes, R., Oberle, E., Ogbonnaya‐Whittesley, S., Ogbu, E., Oliver, M., Olveda, R., Onel, K., Orandi, A., Padam, J., Paller, A., Pan, N., Pandya, J., Panupattanapong, S., Pappo Toledano, A., Parsons, A., Patel, J., Patel, P., Patrick, A., Patrizi, S., Paul, S., Perfetto, J., Perron, M., Peskin, M., Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Puplava, B., Quinlan‐Waters, M., Rabinovich, C., Rafko, J., Rahimi, H., Rampone, K., Ramsey, S., Randell, R., Ray, L., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reid, H., Reiff, D., Richins, S., Riebschleger, M., Rife, E., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Robinson, A., Robinson, L., Rodgers, L., Rodriquez, M., Rogers, D., Ronis, T., Rosado, A., Rosenkranz, M., Rosenwasser, N., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Rothschild, E., Roth‐Wojcicki, E., Rouster‐Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Rupp, J., Ruth, N., Sabbagh, S., Sadun, R., Santiago, L., Saper, V., Sarkissian, A., Scalzi, L., Schahn, J., Schikler, K., Schlefman, A., Schmeling, H., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schulert, G., Schultz, K., Schutt, C., Seper, C., Sheets, R., Shehab, A., Shenoi, S., Sherman, M., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Siegel, D., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sloan, E., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Soep, J., Son, Mary B., Sosna, D., Spencer, C., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Steigerwald, K., Stephens, A., Sterba Rakovchik, Y., Stern, S., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stewart, W., Stingl, C., Stoll, M., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sullivan, J., Sundel, R., Sutter, M., Swaffar, C., Swayne, N., Syed, R., Symington, T., Syverson, G., Szymanski, A., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Tesher, M., Thakurdeen, T., Theisen, A., Thomas, B., Thomas, L., Thomas, N., Ting, T., Todd, C., Toib, D., Toib, D., Torok, K., Tory, H., Toth, M., Tse, S., Tsin, C., Twachtman‐Bassett, J., Twilt, M., Valcarcel, T., Valdovinos, R., Vallee, A., Van Mater, H., Vandenbergen, S., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vega‐Fernandez, P., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Verstegen, R., Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner‐Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, B., Walters, H., Waterfield, M., Waters, A., Weiser, P., Weiss, P., Weiss, J., Wershba, E., Westheuser, V., White, A., Widrick, K., Williams, C., Wong, S., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yasin, S., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Zeft, A., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., and Zhu, A.
Abstract: Differential disease control may contribute to racial disparities in outcomes of childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). We evaluated associations of race and individual‐ or neighborhood‐level social determinants of health (SDoH) with achievement of low lupus disease activity state (LLDAS), a clinically relevant treatment target. In this cSLE cohort study using the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry, the primary exposure was self‐reported race and ethnicity, and collected SDoH included insurance status and area deprivation index (ADI). Outcomes included LLDAS, disease activity, and time‐averaged prednisone exposure. Associations among race and ethnicity, SDoH, and disease activity were estimated with multivariable regression models, adjusting for disease‐related and demographic factors. Among 540 children with cSLE, 27% identified as Black, 25% identified as White, 23% identified as Latino/a, 11% identified as Asian, 9% identified as more than one race, and 5% identified as other. More Black children (41%) lived in neighborhoods of highest ADI compared to White children (16%). Black race was associated with lower LLDAS achievement (adjusted odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.82) and higher disease activity (adjusted β 0.94, 95% CI 0.11–1.78). The highest ADI was not associated with lower LLDAS achievement on adjustment for renal disease and insurance. However, renal disease was found to be a significant mediator (P= 0.04) of the association between ADI and prednisone exposure. Children with cSLE who identified as Black are less likely to achieve LLDAS and have a higher disease activity. Living in areas of higher ADI may relate to renal disease and subsequent prednisone exposure. Strategies to address root causes will be important to design interventions mitigating cSLE racial disparities.
Published: 2025
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2. Effect of sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on survival free of organ support in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (ACTIV-4a): a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, platform trial

Author: Kosiborod, Mikhail N, Windsor, Sheryl L, Vardeny, Orly, Berger, Jeffrey S, Reynolds, Harmony R, Boumakis, Stavroula, Althouse, Andrew D, Solomon, Scott D, Bhatt, Ankeet S, Peikert, Alexander, Luther, James F, Leifer, Eric S, Kindzelski, Andrei L, Cushman, Mary, Ng Gong, Michelle, Kornblith, Lucy Z, Khatri, Pooja, Kim, Keri S, Baumann Kreuziger, Lisa, Javaheri, Ali, Carpio, Carlos, Wahid, Lana, Lopez-Sendon Moreno, Jose, Alonso, Alvaro, Ho, Minh Quang, Lopez-Sendon, Jose, Lopes, Renato D, Curtis, Jeffrey L, Kirwan, Bridget-Anne, Geraci, Mark W, Neal, Matthew D, Hochman, Judith S, Avancini Caramori, PR, Esteves Hernandes, M, Babudieri, S, Contoli, M, Fernando, M, Gonzalez Juanatey, JR, Ibañez Estellez, F, Mateos, E, Tidswell, M, Akala, O, Pursley, M, Jathavedam, A, Markley, J, Gelman, M, Ajani, Z, Mackay, F, Kunisaki, K, Martin, K, Exline, M, Huggins, J, Nicholson, L, Lim, G, Aboudara, M, Sherwin, R, Torbati, S, Wilson, J, Latorre, JG, Busch, J, Albertson, T, Matthay, M, Gandotra, S, Joseph, B, Hudock, K, Iovine, N, Quigley, J, Hyzy, R, Kutcher, M, Huang, D, Pandey, A, Sheehan, J, Solankhi, N, Huang, D, Rodriguez, W, Shah, B, Khanna, A, Bochicchio, G, McCarthy, M, Pan, S, and Balasubraman, P
Abstract: Patients hospitalised for COVID-19 are at risk for multiorgan failure and death. Sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors provide cardiovascular and kidney protection in patients with cardiometabolic conditions and could provide organ protection during COVID-19. We aimed to investigate whether SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce the need for organ support in patients hospitalised for COVID-19.
Published: 2024
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3. Comparative Effectiveness of a Second Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Versus a Non–Tumor Necrosis Factor Biologic in the Treatment of Patients With Polyarticular‐Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Author: Mannion, Melissa L., Amin, Shahla, Balevic, Stephen, Chang, Min‐Lee, Correll, Colleen K., Kearsley‐Fleet, Lianne, Hyrich, Kimme L., Beukelman, Timothy, Aamir, R., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Aguiar Lapsia, C., Akinsete, A., Akoghlanian, S., Al Manaa, M., AlBijadi, A., Allenspach, E., Almutairi, A., Alperin, R., Amarilyo, G., Ambler, W., Amoruso, M., Angeles‐Han, S., Ardoin, S., Armendariz, S., Asfaw, L., Aviran Dagan, N., Bacha, C., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballinger, S., Baluta, S., Barillas‐Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Baxter, S., Becker, M., Begezda, A., Behrens, E., Beil, E., Benseler, S., Bermudez‐Santiago, L., Bernal, W., Bigley, T., Bingham, C., Binstadt, B., Black, C., Blackmon, B., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boneparth, A., Bradfield, H., Bridges, J., Brooks, E., Brothers, M., Brunner, H., Buckley, L., Buckley, M., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullock, D., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Canny, S., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Castro, D., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang, M., Chang, J., Chang‐Hoftman, A., Chen, A., Chiraseveenuprapund, P., Ciaglia, K., Co, D., Cohen, E., Collinge, J., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cook, K., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Corbin, K., Correll, C., Cron, R., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Datyner, E., Davis, T., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., DeCoste, C., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., DeSantis, E., Devine, R., Dhalla, M., Dhanrajani, A., Dissanayake, D., Dizon, B., Drapeau, N., Drew, J., Driest, K., Du, Q., Duncan, E., Dunnock, K., Durkee, D., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Ede, K., Edelheit, B., Edens, C., El Tal, T., Elder, M., Elzaki, Y., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Favier, L., Feldman, B., Fennell, J., Ferguson, P., Ferguson, I., Figueroa, C., Flanagan, E., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franklin, L., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., Furey, M., Futch‐West, T., Gagne, S., Gennaro, V., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gironella, A., Glaser, D., Goh, I., Goldsmith, D., Gorry, S., Goswami, N., Gottlieb, B., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Grim, A., Grom, A., Guevara, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hamda Natur, M., Hammelev, E., Hammond, T., Harel, L., Harris, J., Harry, O., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hays, K., Hayward, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horton, D., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huberts, A., Huggins, J., Huie, L., Hui‐Yuen, J., Ibarra, M., Imlay, A., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Jackson, A., James, K., Janow, G., Jared, S., Jiang, Y., Johnson, L., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Kafisheh, D., Kahn, P., Kaidar, K., Kasinathan, S., Kaur, R., Kessler, E., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein‐Gitelman, M., Knight, A., Kovalick, L., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Kudas, O., LaFlam, T., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lapin, B., Lasky, A., Lawler, C., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lee, A., Leisinger, E., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levinsky, Y., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Limenis, E., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lionetti, G., Livny, R., Lloyd, M., Lo, M., Long, A., Lopez‐Peña, M., Lovell, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Lytch, A., Ma, M., Machado, A., MacMahon, J., Madison, J., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Mansfield, L., Marston, B., Mason, T., Matchett, D., McAllister, L., McBrearty, K., McColl, J., McCurdy, D., McDaniels, K., McDonald, J., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mian, Z., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Milojevic, D., Mitacek, R., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, T., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Moreno, J., Morgan, E., Moyer, A., Murante, B., Murphy, A., Muscal, E., Mwizerwa, O., Najafi, A., Nanda, K., Nasah, N., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Nearanz, K., Neely, J., Newhall, L., Nguyen, A., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Nolan, B., Nowicki, K., Oakes, R., Oberle, E., Ogbonnaya‐Whittesley, S., Ogbu, E., Oliver, M., Olveda, R., Onel, K., Orandi, A., Padam, J., Paller, A., Pan, N., Pandya, J., Panupattanapong, S., Toledano, A. Pappo, Parsons, A., Patel, J., Patel, P., Patrick, A., Patrizi, S., Paul, S., Perfetto, J., Perron, M., Peskin, M., Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Puplava, B., Quinlan‐Waters, M., Rabinovich, C., Rafko, J., Rahimi, H., Rampone, K., Ramsey, S., Randell, R., Ray, L., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reid, H., Reiff, D., Richins, S., Riebschleger, M., Rife, E., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Robinson, A., Robinson, L., Rodgers, L., Rodriquez, M., Rogers, D., Ronis, T., Rosado, A., Rosenkranz, M., Rosenwasser, N., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Rothschild, E., Roth‐Wojcicki, E., Rouster‐Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Rupp, J., Ruth, N., Sabbagh, S., Sadun, R., Santiago, L., Saper, V., Sarkissian, A., Scalzi, L., Schahn, J., Schikler, K., Schlefman, A., Schmeling, H., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schulert, G., Schultz, K., Schutt, C., Seper, C., Sheets, R., Shehab, A., Shenoi, S., Sherman, M., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Siegel, D., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sloan, E., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Soep, J., Son, Mary B., Sosna, D., Spencer, C., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Steigerwald, K., Stephens, A., Sterba Rakovchik, Y., Stern, S., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stewart, W., Stingl, C., Stoll, M., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sullivan, J., Sundel, R., Sutter, M., Swaffar, C., Swayne, N., Syed, R., Symington, T., Syverson, G., Szymanski, A., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Tesher, M., Thakurdeen, T., Theisen, A., Thomas, B., Thomas, L., Thomas, N., Ting, T., Todd, C., Toib, D., Toib, D., Torok, K., Tory, H., Toth, M., Tse, S., Tsin, C., Twachtman‐Bassett, J., Twilt, M., Valcarcel, T., Valdovinos, R., Vallee, A., Van Mater, H., Vandenbergen, S., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vega‐Fernandez, P., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Verstegen, R., Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner‐Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, B., Walters, H., Waterfield, M., Waters, A., Weiser, P., Weiss, P., Weiss, J., Wershba, E., Westheuser, V., White, A., Widrick, K., Williams, C., Wong, S., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yasin, S., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Zeft, A., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., and Zhu, A.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a second tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) versus a non‐TNFi biologic following discontinuation of a TNFi for patients with polyarticular‐course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). Using the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry, patients with pJIA who started receiving a second biologic following a first TNFi were identified. Patients were required to have no active uveitis on the index date and a visit six months after the index date. Outcome measures included Clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score with a maximum of 10 active joints (cJADAS10), cJADAS10 inactive disease (ID; ≤2.5) and cJADAS10 minimal disease activity (MiDA; ≤5). Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using propensity score quintiles to compare outcomes at six months following second biologic initiation. There were 216 patients included, 84% initially received etanercept, and most patients stopped receiving it because of its ineffectiveness (74%). A total of 183 (85%) started receiving a second TNFi, and 33 (15%) started receiving a non‐TNFi. Adalimumab was the most common second biologic received (71% overall, 84% of second TNFi), and tocilizumab was the most common non‐TNFi second biologic received (9% overall, 58% of non‐TNFi). There was no difference between receiving TNFi versus non‐TNFi in cJADAS10 ID (29% vs 25%; aOR 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–3.20) or at least MiDA (43% vs 39%; aOR 1.11, 95% CI 0.47–2.62) at six months. Most patients with pJIA started receiving TNFi rather than non‐TNFi as their second biologic, and there were no differences in disease activity at six months.
Published: 2024
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4. Utility of lacrimal caruncle infrared thermography when monitoring alterations in autonomic activity in healthy humans

Author: Huggins, J. and Rakobowchuk, Mark
Published: 2019
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5. Economic effectiveness, efficiency, and selectivity of fox squirrel trapping in pecan groves

Author: Huggins, J. Grant
Subjects: rodent control, fox squirrel, Sciurus niger, Oklahoma, traps, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, pecan
Abstract: Trapping is the most common damage management practice employed by pecan growers suffering fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) depredation. The author evaluated the economic effectiveness of foot-hold trapping fox squirrels in native pecan groves from 1988 to 1991. Trapping significantly reduced squirrel damage the first and second year of treatment in all three study areas relative to the initial untreated year. This reduction was valued at $38.63 to $279.51/ha. In 1990 the author tested the relative efficiency and selectivity of five trap types. Number 110 body traps performed with the best combination of efficiency, selectivity, and cost of the trap types tested.
Published: 1996

6. Health Equity Implications of Missing Data Among Youths With Childhood‐OnsetSystemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Proof‐of‐ConceptStudy in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry

Author: Woo, Jennifer M. P., Simmonds, Faith, Dennos, Anne, Son, Mary Beth F., Lewandowski, Laura B., Rubinstein, Tamar B., Abel, N., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Adams, M., Agbayani, R., Aiello, J., Akoghlanian, S., Alejandro, C., Allenspach, E., Alperin, R., Alpizar, M., Amarilyo, G., Ambler, W., Anderson, E., Ardoin, S., Armendariz, S., Baker, E., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballenger, L., Ballinger, S., Balmuri, N., Barbar‐Smiley, F., Barillas‐Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Becker, M., Bell‐Brunson, H., Beltz, E., Benham, H., Benseler, S., Bernal, W., Beukelman, T., Bigley, T., Binstadt, B., Black, C., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boland, J., Boneparth, A., Bowman, S., Bracaglia, C., Brooks, E., Brothers, M., Brown, A., Brunner, H., Buckley, M., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullock, D., Cameron, B., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Carper, P., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Cerracchio, L., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang‐Hoftman, A., Chauhan, V., Chira, P., Chinn, T., Chundru, K., Clairman, H., Co, D., Confair, A., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Cooper, S., Correll, C., Corvalan, R., Costanzo, D., Cron, R., Curiel‐Duran, L., Curington, T., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Davis, A., Davis, C., Davis, C., Davis, T., De Benedetti, F., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., Dempsey, V., DeSantis, E., Dickson, T., Dingle, J., Donaldson, B., Dorsey, E., Dover, S., Dowling, J., Drew, J., Driest, K., Du, Q., Duarte, K., Durkee, D., Duverger, E., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Eckert, M., Ede, K., Edelheit, B., Edens, C., Edens, C., Edgerly, Y., Elder, M., Ervin, B., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Falcon, M., Favier, L., Federici, S., Feldman, B., Fennell, J., Ferguson, I., Ferguson, P., Ferreira, B., Ferrucho, R., Fields, K., Finkel, T., Fitzgerald, M., Fleming, C., Flynn, O., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franco, L., Freeman, M., Fritz, K., Froese, S., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., George, N., Gerhold, K., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gillispie‐Taylor, M., Giverc, E., Godiwala, C., Goh, I., Goheer, H., Goldsmith, D., Gotschlich, E., Gotte, A., Gottlieb, B., Gracia, C., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Griswold, J., Grom, A., Guevara, M., Guittar, P., Guzman, M., Hager, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hammelev, E., Hance, M., Hanson, A., Harel, L., Haro, S., Harris, J., Harry, O., Hartigan, E., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hayward, K., Heiart, J., Hekl, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hill, P., Hillyer, S., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huggins, J., Hui‐Yuen, J., Hung, C., Huntington, J., Huttenlocher, A., Ibarra, M., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Insalaco, A., Jackson, A., Jackson, S., James, K., Janow, G., Jaquith, J., Jared, S., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, K., Jones, S., Joshi, S., Jung, L., Justice, C., Justiniano, A., Karan, N., Kaufman, K., Kemp, A., Kessler, E., Khalsa, U., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein‐Gitelman, M., Kompelien, B., Kosikowski, A., Kovalick, L., Kracker, J., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Lai, J., Lam, J., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lapin, B., Lasky, A., Latham, D., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lingis, M., Lo, M., Lovell, D., Lowman, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Madison, C., Madison, J., Manzoni, S. Magni, Malla, B., Maller, J., Malloy, M., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Marques, L., Martyniuk, A., Mason, T., Mathus, S., McAllister, L., McCarthy, K., McConnell, K., McCormick, E., McCurdy, D., Stokes, P. McCurdy, McGuire, S., McHale, I., McMonagle, A., McMullen‐Jackson, C., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mendoza, E., Mercado, R., Merritt, A., Michalowski, L., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Milojevic, D., Mirizio, E., Misajon, E., Mitchell, M., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Morgan, S., Dewitt, E. Morgan, Moss, C., Moussa, T., Mruk, V., Murphy, A., Muscal, E., Nadler, R., Nahal, B., Nanda, K., Nasah, N., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Neely, J., Nelson, B., Newhall, L., Ng, L., Nicholas, J., Nicolai, R., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Nolan, B., Oberle, E., Obispo, B., O'Brien, B., O'Brien, T., Okeke, O., Oliver, M., Olson, J., O'Neil, K., Onel, K., Orandi, A., Orlando, M., Osei‐Onomah, S., Oz, R., Pagano, E., Paller, A., Pan, N., Panupattanapong, S., Pardeo, M., Paredes, J., Parsons, A., Patel, J., Pentakota, K., Pepmueller, P., Pfeiffer, T., Phillippi, K., Phillippi, K., Marafon, D. Pires, Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Pratt, S., Protopapas, S., Puplava, B., Quach, J., Quinlan‐Waters, M., Rabinovich, C., Radhakrishna, S., Rafko, J., Raisian, J., Rakestraw, A., Ramirez, C., Ramsay, E., Ramsey, S., Randell, R., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reid, H., Remmel, K., Repp, A., Reyes, A., Richmond, A., Riebschleger, M., Ringold, S., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Ritter, M., Rivas‐Chacon, R., Robinson, A., Rodela, E., Rodriquez, M., Rojas, K., Ronis, T., Rosenkranz, M., Rosolowski, B., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Roth‐Wojcicki, E., Rouster‐Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Ruth, N., Saad, N., Sabbagh, S., Sacco, E., Sadun, R., Sandborg, C., Sanni, A., Santiago, L., Sarkissian, A., Savani, S., Scalzi, L., Schanberg, L., Scharnhorst, S., Schikler, K., Schlefman, A., Schmeling, H., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schollaert‐Fitch, K., Schulert, G., Seay, T., Seper, C., Shalen, J., Sheets, R., Shelly, A., Shenoi, S., Shergill, K., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Shivers, C., Silverman, E., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sletten, J., Smith, A., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Soep, J., Son, M., Spence, S., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Sran, R., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Steigerwald, K., Rakovchik, Y. Sterba, Stern, S., Stevens, A., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stingl, C., Stokes, J., Stoll, M., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sumner, J., Sundel, R., Sutter, M., Syed, R., Syverson, G., Szymanski, A., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tapani, S., Tarshish, G., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Terry, M., Tesher, M., Thatayatikom, A., Thomas, B., Tiffany, K., Ting, T., Tipp, A., Toib, D., Torok, K., Toruner, C., Tory, H., Toth, M., Tse, S., Tubwell, V., Twilt, M., Uriguen, S., Valcarcel, T., Van Mater, H., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vazzana, K., Vehe, R., Veiga, K., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Vilar, G., Volpe, N., Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner, J., Wagner‐Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, J., Walters, H., Muskardin, T. Wampler, Waqar, L., Waterfield, M., Watson, M., Watts, A., Weiser, P., Weiss, J., Weiss, P., Wershba, E., White, A., Williams, C., Wise, A., Woo, J., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yee, M., Yen, E., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Yu, Q., Zapata, R., Zartoshti, A., Zeft, A., Zeft, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhu, A., and Zic, C.
Abstract: Health disparities in childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately impact marginalized populations. Socioeconomically patterned missing data can magnify existing health inequities by supporting inferences that may misrepresent populations of interest. Our objective was to assess missing data and subsequent health equity implications among participants with childhood‐onset SLE enrolled in a large pediatric rheumatology registry. We evaluated co‐missingness of 12 variables representing demographics, socioeconomic position, and clinical factors (e.g., disease‐related indices) using Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry childhood‐onset SLE enrollment data (2015–2022; n = 766). We performed logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for missing disease‐related indices at enrollment (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 [SLEDAI‐2K] and/or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI]) associated with data missingness. We used linear regression to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and SLEDAI‐2K at enrollment using 3 analytic methods for missing data: complete case analysis, multiple imputation, and nonprobabilistic bias analyses, with missing values imputed to represent extreme low or high disadvantage. On average, participants were missing 6.2% of data, with over 50% of participants missing at least 1 variable. Missing data correlated most closely with variables within data categories (i.e., demographic). Government‐assisted health insurance was associated with missing SLEDAI‐2K and/or SDI scores compared to private health insurance (OR 2.04 [95% CI 1.22, 3.41]). The different analytic approaches resulted in varying analytic sample sizes and fundamentally conflicting estimated associations. Our results support intentional evaluation of missing data to inform effect estimate interpretation and critical assessment of causal statements that might otherwise misrepresent health inequities.
Published: 2023
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7. Childhood‐OnsetLupus Nephritis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: Short‐TermKidney Status and Variation in Care

Author: Smitherman, Emily A., Chahine, Rouba A., Beukelman, Timothy, Lewandowski, Laura B., Rahman, A. K. M. Fazlur, Wenderfer, Scott E., Curtis, Jeffrey R., Hersh, Aimee O., Abel, N., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Adams, M., Agbayani, R., Aiello, J., Akoghlanian, S., Alejandro, C., Allenspach, E., Alperin, R., Alpizar, M., Amarilyo, G., Ambler, W., Anderson, E., Ardoin, S., Armendariz, S., Baker, E., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballenger, L., Ballinger, S., Balmuri, N., Barbar‐Smiley, F., Barillas‐Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Becker, M., Bell‐Brunson, H., Beltz, E., Benham, H., Benseler, S., Bernal, W., Beukelman, T., Bigley, T., Binstadt, B., Black, C., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boland, J., Boneparth, A., Bowman, S., Bracaglia, C., Brooks, E., Brothers, M., Brown, A., Brunner, H., Buckley, M., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullock, D., Cameron, B., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Carper, P., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Cerracchio, L., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang‐Hoftman, A., Chauhan, V., Chira, P., Chinn, T., Chundru, K., Clairman, H., Co, D., Confair, A., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Cooper, S., Correll, C., Corvalan, R., Costanzo, D., Cron, R., Curiel‐Duran, L., Curington, T., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Davis, A., Davis, C., Davis, C., Davis, T., De Benedetti, F., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., Dempsey, V., DeSantis, E., Dickson, T., Dingle, J., Donaldson, B., Dorsey, E., Dover, S., Dowling, J., Drew, J., Driest, K., Du, Q., Duarte, K., Durkee, D., Duverger, E., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Eckert, M., Ede, K., Edelheit, B., Edens, C., Edens, C., Edgerly, Y., Elder, M., Ervin, B., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Falcon, M., Favier, L., Federici, S., Feldman, B., Fennell, J., Ferguson, I., Ferguson, P., Ferreira, B., Ferrucho, R., Fields, K., Finkel, T., Fitzgerald, M., Fleming, C., Flynn, O., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franco, L., Freeman, M., Fritz, K., Froese, S., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., George, N., Gerhold, K., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gillispie‐Taylor, M., Giverc, E., Godiwala, C., Goh, I., Goheer, H., Goldsmith, D., Gotschlich, E., Gotte, A., Gottlieb, B., Gracia, C., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Griswold, J., Grom, A., Guevara, M., Guittar, P., Guzman, M., Hager, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hammelev, E., Hance, M., Hanson, A., Harel, L., Haro, S., Harris, J., Harry, O., Hartigan, E., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hayward, K., Heiart, J., Hekl, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hill, P., Hillyer, S., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huggins, J., Hui‐Yuen, J., Hung, C., Huntington, J., Huttenlocher, A., Ibarra, M., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Insalaco, A., Jackson, A., Jackson, S., James, K., Janow, G., Jaquith, J., Jared, S., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, K., Jones, S., Joshi, S., Jung, L., Justice, C., Justiniano, A., Karan, N., Kaufman, K., Kemp, A., Kessler, E., Khalsa, U., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein‐Gitelman, M., Kompelien, B., Kosikowski, A., Kovalick, L., Kracker, J., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Lai, J., Lam, J., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lapin, B., Lasky, A., Latham, D., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lingis, M., Lo, M., Lovell, D., Lowman, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Madison, C., Madison, J., Manzoni, S. Magni, Malla, B., Maller, J., Malloy, M., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Marques, L., Martyniuk, A., Mason, T., Mathus, S., McAllister, L., McCarthy, K., McConnell, K., McCormick, E., McCurdy, D., Stokes, P. McCurdy, McGuire, S., McHale, I., McMonagle, A., McMullen‐Jackson, C., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mendoza, E., Mercado, R., Merritt, A., Michalowski, L., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Milojevic, D., Mirizio, E., Misajon, E., Mitchell, M., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Morgan, S., Dewitt, E. Morgan, Moss, C., Moussa, T., Mruk, V., Murphy, A., Muscal, E., Nadler, R., Nahal, B., Nanda, K., Nasah, N., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Neely, J., Nelson, B., Newhall, L., Ng, L., Nicholas, J., Nicolai, R., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Nolan, B., Oberle, E., Obispo, B., O'Brien, B., O'Brien, T., Okeke, O., Oliver, M., Olson, J., O'Neil, K., Onel, K., Orandi, A., Orlando, M., Osei‐Onomah, S., Oz, R., Pagano, E., Paller, A., Pan, N., Panupattanapong, S., Pardeo, M., Paredes, J., Parsons, A., Patel, J., Pentakota, K., Pepmueller, P., Pfeiffer, T., Phillippi, K., Marafon, D. Pires, Phillippi, K., Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Pratt, S., Protopapas, S., Puplava, B., Quach, J., Quinlan‐Waters, M., Rabinovich, C., Radhakrishna, S., Rafko, J., Raisian, J., Rakestraw, A., Ramirez, C., Ramsay, E., Ramsey, S., Randell, R., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reid, H., Remmel, K., Repp, A., Reyes, A., Richmond, A., Riebschleger, M., Ringold, S., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Ritter, M., Rivas‐Chacon, R., Robinson, A., Rodela, E., Rodriquez, M., Rojas, K., Ronis, T., Rosenkranz, M., Rosolowski, B., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Roth‐Wojcicki, E., Rouster – Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Ruth, N., Saad, N., Sabbagh, S., Sacco, E., Sadun, R., Sandborg, C., Sanni, A., Santiago, L., Sarkissian, A., Savani, S., Scalzi, L., Schanberg, L., Scharnhorst, S., Schikler, K., Schlefman, A., Schmeling, H., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schollaert‐Fitch, K., Schulert, G., Seay, T., Seper, C., Shalen, J., Sheets, R., Shelly, A., Shenoi, S., Shergill, K., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Shivers, C., Silverman, E., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sletten, J., Smith, A., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Soep, J., Son, M., Spence, S., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Sran, R., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Steigerwald, K., Rakovchik, Y. Sterba, Stern, S., Stevens, A., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stingl, C., Stokes, J., Stoll, M., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sumner, J., Sundel, R., Sutter, M., Syed, R., Syverson, G., Szymanski, A., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tapani, S., Tarshish, G., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Terry, M., Tesher, M., Thatayatikom, A., Thomas, B., Tiffany, K., Ting, T., Tipp, A., Toib, D., Torok, K., Toruner, C., Tory, H., Toth, M., Tse, S., Tubwell, V., Twilt, M., Uriguen, S., Valcarcel, T., Van Mater, H., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vazzana, K., Vehe, R., Veiga, K., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Vilar, G., Volpe, N., Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner, J., Wagner‐Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, J., Walters, H., Muskardin, T. Wampler, Waqar, L., Waterfield, M., Watson, M., Watts, A., Weiser, P., Weiss, J., Weiss, P., Wershba, E., White, A., Williams, C., Wise, A., Woo, J., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yee, M., Yen, E., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Yu, Q., Zapata, R., Zartoshti, A., Zeft, A., Zeft, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhu, A., and Zic, C.
Abstract: The goal was to characterize short‐term kidney status and describe variation in early care utilization in a multicenter cohort of patients with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and nephritis. We analyzed previously collected prospective data from North American patients with cSLE with kidney biopsy‐proven nephritis enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry from March 2017 through December 2019. We determined the proportion of patients with abnormal kidney status at the most recent registry visit and applied generalized linear mixed models to identify associated factors. We also calculated frequency of medication use, both during induction and ever recorded. We identified 222 patients with kidney biopsy–proven nephritis, with 64% class III/IV nephritis on initial biopsy. At the most recent registry visit at median (interquartile range) of 17 (8–29) months from initial kidney biopsy, 58 of 106 patients (55%) with available data had abnormal kidney status. This finding was associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.88, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.21–12.46) and age at cSLE diagnosis (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01–1.49). Patients with class IV nephritis were more likely than class III to receive cyclophosphamide and rituximab during induction. There was substantial variation in mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab ever use patterns across rheumatology centers. In this cohort with predominately class III/IV nephritis, male sex and older age at cSLE diagnosis were associated with abnormal short‐term kidney status. We also observed substantial variation in contemporary medication use for pediatric lupus nephritis between pediatric rheumatology centers. Additional studies are needed to better understand the impact of this variation on long‐term kidney outcomes.
Published: 2023
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8. Disease Recapture Rates After Medication Discontinuation and Flare in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: An Observational Study Within the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry

Author: Ringold, Sarah, Dennos, Anne C., Kimura, Yukiko, Beukelman, Timothy, Shrader, Peter, Phillips, Thomas A., Kohlheim, Melanie, Schanberg, Laura E., Yeung, Rae S. M., Horton, Daniel B., Abel, N., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Adams, M., Agbayani, R., Aiello, J., Akoghlanian, S., Alejandro, C., Allenspach, E., Alperin, R., Alpizar, M., Amarilyo, G., Ambler, W., Anderson, E., Ardoin, S., Armendariz, S., Baker, E., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballenger, L., Ballinger, S., Balmuri, N., Barbar‐Smiley, F., Barillas‐Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Becker, M., Bell‐Brunson, H., Beltz, E., Benham, H., Benseler, S., Bernal, W., Beukelman, T., Bigley, T., Binstadt, B., Black, C., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boland, J., Boneparth, A., Bowman, S., Bracaglia, C., Brooks, E., Brothers, M., Brown, A., Brunner, H., Buckley, M., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullock, D., Cameron, B., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Carper, P., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Cerracchio, L., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang‐Hoftman, A., Chauhan, V., Chira, P., Chinn, T., Chundru, K., Clairman, H., Co, D., Confair, A., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Cooper, S., Correll, C., Corvalan, R., Costanzo, D., Cron, R., Curiel‐Duran, L., Curington, T., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Davis, A., Davis, C., Davis, C., Davis, T., De Benedetti, F., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., Dempsey, V., DeSantis, E., Dickson, T., Dingle, J., Donaldson, B., Dorsey, E., Dover, S., Dowling, J., Drew, J., Driest, K., Du, Q., Duarte, K., Durkee, D., Duverger, E., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Eckert, M., Ede, K., Edelheit, B., Edens, C., Edens, C., Edgerly, Y., Elder, M., Ervin, B., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Falcon, M., Favier, L., Federici, S., Feldman, B., Fennell, J., Ferguson, I., Ferguson, P., Ferreira, B., Ferrucho, R., Fields, K., Finkel, T., Fitzgerald, M., Fleming, C., Flynn, O., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franco, L., Freeman, M., Fritz, K., Froese, S., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., George, N., Gerhold, K., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gillispie‐Taylor, M., Giverc, E., Godiwala, C., Goh, I., Goheer, H., Goldsmith, D., Gotschlich, E., Gotte, A., Gottlieb, B., Gracia, C., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Griswold, J., Grom, A., Guevara, M., Guittar, P., Guzman, M., Hager, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hammelev, E., Hance, M., Hanson, A., Harel, L., Haro, S., Harris, J., Harry, O., Hartigan, E., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hayward, K., Heiart, J., Hekl, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hill, P., Hillyer, S., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huggins, J., Hui‐Yuen, J., Hung, C., Huntington, J., Huttenlocher, A., Ibarra, M., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Insalaco, A., Jackson, A., Jackson, S., James, K., Janow, G., Jaquith, J., Jared, S., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, K., Jones, S., Joshi, S., Jung, L., Justice, C., Justiniano, A., Karan, N., Kaufman, K., Kemp, A., Kessler, E., Khalsa, U., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein‐Gitelman, M., Kompelien, B., Kosikowski, A., Kovalick, L., Kracker, J., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Lai, J., Lam, J., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lapin, B., Lasky, A., Latham, D., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lingis, M., Lo, M., Lovell, D., Lowman, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Madison, C., Madison, J., Magni Manzoni, S., Malla, B., Maller, J., Malloy, M., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Marques, L., Martyniuk, A., Mason, T., Mathus, S., McAllister, L., McCarthy, K., McConnell, K., McCormick, E., McCurdy, D., Stokes, P. McCurdy, McGuire, S., McHale, I., McMonagle, A., McMullen‐Jackson, C., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mendoza, E., Mercado, R., Merritt, A., Michalowski, L., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Milojevic, D., Mirizio, E., Misajon, E., Mitchell, M., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Morgan, S., Dewitt, E. Morgan, Moss, C., Moussa, T., Mruk, V., Murphy, A., Muscal, E., Nadler, R., Nahal, B., Nanda, K., Nasah, N., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Neely, J., Nelson, B., Newhall, L., Ng, L., Nicholas, J., Nicolai, R., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Nolan, B., Oberle, E., Obispo, B., O'Brien, B., O'Brien, T., Okeke, O., Oliver, M., Olson, J., O'Neil, K., Onel, K., Orandi, A., Orlando, M., Osei‐Onomah, S., Oz, R., Pagano, E., Paller, A., Pan, N., Panupattanapong, S., Pardeo, M., Paredes, J., Parsons, A., Patel, J., Pentakota, K., Pepmueller, P., Pfeiffer, T., Phillippi, K., Marafon, D. Pires, Phillippi, K., Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Pratt, S., Protopapas, S., Puplava, B., Quach, J., Quinlan‐Waters, M., Rabinovich, C., Radhakrishna, S., Rafko, J., Raisian, J., Rakestraw, A., Ramirez, C., Ramsay, E., Ramsey, S., Randell, R., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reid, H., Remmel, K., Repp, A., Reyes, A., Richmond, A., Riebschleger, M., Ringold, S., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Ritter, M., Rivas‐Chacon, R., Robinson, A., Rodela, E., Rodriquez, M., Rojas, K., Ronis, T., Rosenkranz, M., Rosolowski, B., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Roth‐Wojcicki, E., Rouster – Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Ruth, N., Saad, N., Sabbagh, S., Sacco, E., Sadun, R., Sandborg, C., Sanni, A., Santiago, L., Sarkissian, A., Savani, S., Scalzi, L., Schanberg, L., Scharnhorst, S., Schikler, K., Schlefman, A., Schmeling, H., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schollaert‐Fitch, K., Schulert, G., Seay, T., Seper, C., Shalen, J., Sheets, R., Shelly, A., Shenoi, S., Shergill, K., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Shivers, C., Silverman, E., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sletten, J., Smith, A., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Soep, J., Son, M., Spence, S., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Sran, R., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Steigerwald, K., Rakovchik, Y. Sterba, Stern, S., Stevens, A., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stingl, C., Stokes, J., Stoll, M., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sumner, J., Sundel, R., Sutter, M., Syed, R., Syverson, G., Szymanski, A., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tapani, S., Tarshish, G., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Terry, M., Tesher, M., Thatayatikom, A., Thomas, B., Tiffany, K., Ting, T., Tipp, A., Toib, D., Torok, K., Toruner, C., Tory, H., Toth, M., Tse, S., Tubwell, V., Twilt, M., Uriguen, S., Valcarcel, T., Van Mater, H., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vazzana, K., Vehe, R., Veiga, K., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Vilar, G., Volpe, N., Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner, J., Wagner‐Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, J., Walters, H., Muskardin, T. Wampler, Waqar, L., Waterfield, M., Watson, M., Watts, A., Weiser, P., Weiss, J., Weiss, P., Wershba, E., White, A., Williams, C., Wise, A., Woo, J., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yee, M., Yen, E., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Yu, Q., Zapata, R., Zartoshti, A., Zeft, A., Zeft, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhu, A., and Zic, C.
Abstract: Children with well‐controlled juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) frequently experience flares after medication discontinuation, but the outcomes of these flares have not been well described. The objective of this study was to characterize the rates and predictors of disease recapture among children with JIA who restarted medication to treat disease flare. Children with JIA who discontinued conventional synthetic or biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs for well‐controlled disease but subsequently experienced a flare and restarted medication were identified from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) registry. The primary outcome was inactive disease (ID) (physician global assessment <1 and active joint count = 0) 6 months after flare. A total of 333 patients had complete data for ID at 6 months after flare. The recapture rate for the cohort was 55%, ranging from 47% (persistent oligoarthritis) to 69% (systemic arthritis) (P= 0.4). Approximately 67% of children achieved ID by 12 months. In the multivariable model, history and reinitiation of biologic drugs were associated with increased odds of successful recapture (odds ratio [OR] 4.79 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.22–18.78] and OR 2.74 [95% CI 1.62–4.63], respectively). Number of joints with limited range of motion was associated with decreased odds (OR 0.83 per 1 joint increase [95% CI 0.72–0.95]). Approximately half of JIA flares post‐discontinuation were recaptured within 6 months, but rates of recapture varied across JIA categories. These findings inform shared decision‐making for patients, families, and clinicians regarding the risks and benefits of medication discontinuation. Better understanding of biologic predictors of successful recapture in JIA are needed.
Published: 2023
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9. MAGNETIC RESONANCE PERFUSION IMAGING DEMONSTRATES CEREBRAL REPRESENTATION OF ONGOING PAIN FOLLOWING THIRD MOLAR EXTRACTION: 118

Author: Krause, K., Howard, M., Khawaja, N., Massat, N., Huggins, J. P., Schumann, G., Williams, S., and Renton, T.
Published: 2009
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10. Pharmacokinetics of the antiviral agent 3-deazaneplanocin A

Author: Coulombe, R. A., Sharma, R. P., and Huggins, J. W.
Published: 1995
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11. TEST-RETEST REPRODUCIBILITY OF CEREBRAL AND SUBJECTIVE RESPONSES TO PAINFUL AND NON-PAINFUL CONTACT-HEAT EVOKED POTENTIAL STIMULATION (CHEPS): 305

Author: Howard, M. A., Coen, S. J., Buchanan, T. J., Smart, T. S., Gregory, S. L., Williams, S. C., Huggins, J. P., and Hanna, M.
Published: 2006
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12. Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of procollagen C-proteinase for the treatment of fibrotic disorders

Author: Butt, R. P., Huggins, J. P., Greiling, D., Hopkins, B., Gaboardi, S., Winslow, D., Ronald, M., Lewis, S., Ward, S., Levett, E., Owen, J., Burslem, F., Collis, M., Bailey, S., Fish, P. V., Whitlock, G., Billotte, S., James, K., Mcelroy, A., and Blagg, J.
Published: 2004

13. Interleukin (IL)-1/IL-6-Inhibitor–Associated Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DReSS) in Systemic Inflammatory Illnesses

Author: Saper, Vivian E., Tian, Lu, Verstegen, Ruud H.J., Conrad, Carol K., Cidon, Michal, Hopper, Rachel K., Kuo, Christin S., Osoegawa, Kazutoyo, Baszis, Kevin, Bingham, Catherine A., Ferguson, Ian, Hahn, Timothy, Horne, Annacarin, Isupova, Eugenia A., Jones, Jordan T., Kasapcopur, Özgür, Klein-Gitelman, Marisa S., Kostik, Mikhail M., Ozen, Seza, Phadke, Omkar, Prahalad, Sampath, Randell, Rachel L., Sener, Seher, Stingl, Cory, Abdul-Aziz, Rabheh, Akoghlanian, Shoghik, Al Julandani, Dalila, Alvarez, Marcela B., Bader-Meunier, Brigitte, Balay-Dustrude, Erin E., Balboni, Imelda, Baxter, Sarah K., Berard, Roberta A., Bhattad, Sagar, Bolaria, Roxana, Boneparth, Alexis, Cassidy, Elaine A., Co, Dominic O., Collins, Kathleen P., Dancey, Paul, Dickinson, Aileen M., Edelheit, Barbara S., Espada, Graciela, Flanagan, Elaine R., Imundo, Lisa F., Jindal, Ankur K., Kim, Hyoun-Ah, Klaus, Günter, Lake, Carol, Lapin, W. Blaine, Lawson, Erica F., Marmor, Itay, Mombourquette, Joy, Ogunjimi, Benson, Olveda, Rebecca, Ombrello, Michael J., Onel, Karen, Poholek, Catherine, Ramanan, Athimalaipet V., Ravelli, Angelo, Reinhardt, Adam, Robinson, Amanda D., Rouster-Stevens, Kelly, Saad, Nadine, Schneider, Rayfel, Selmanovic, Velma, Sefic Pasic, Irmina, Shenoi, Susan, Shilo, Natalie R., Soep, Jennifer B., Sura, Angeli, Taber, Sarah F., Tesher, Melissa, Tibaldi, Jessica, Torok, Kathryn S., Tsin, Cathy Mei, Vasquez-Canizares, Natalia, Villacis Nunez, Diana S., Way, Emily E., Whitehead, Benjamin, Zemel, Lawrence S., Sharma, Surbhi, Fernández-Viña, Marcelo A., Mellins, Elizabeth D., Aamir, R., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Lapsia, C. Aguiar, Akinsete, A., Akoghlanian, S., Al Manaa, M., AlBijadi, A., Allenspach, E., Almutairi, A., Alperin, R., Amarilyo, G., Ambler, W., Amoruso, M., Angeles-Han, S., Ardoin, S., Armendariz, S., Asfaw, L., Aviran Dagan, N., Bacha, C., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballinger, S., Baluta, S., Barillas-Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Baxter, S., Becker, M., Begezda, A., Behrens, E., Beil, E., Benseler, S., Bermudez-Santiago, L., Bernal, W., Bigley, T., Bingham, C., Binstadt, B., Black, C., Blackmon, B., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boneparth, A., Bradfield, H., Bridges, J., Brooks, E., Brothers, M., Brunner, H., Buckley, L., Buckley, M., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullock, D., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Canny, S., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Castro, D., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang, M., Chang, J., Chang-Hoftman, A., Chen, A., Chiraseveenuprapund, P., Ciaglia, K., Co, D., Cohen, E., Collinge, J., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cook, K., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Corbin, K., Correll, C., Cron, R., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Datyner, E., Davis, T., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., DeCoste, C., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., DeSantis, E., Devine, R., Dhalla, M., Dhanrajani, A., Dissanayake, D., Dizon, B., Drapeau, N., Drew, J., Driest, K., Du, Q., Duncan, E., Dunnock, K., Durkee, D., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Ede, K., Edelheit, B., Edens, C., El Tal, T., Elder, M., Elzaki, Y., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Favier, L., Feldman, B., Fennell, J., Ferguson, P., Ferguson, I., Figueroa, C., Flanagan, E., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franklin, L., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., Furey, M., Futch-West, T., Gagne, S., Gennaro, V., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gironella, A., Glaser, D., Goh, I., Goldsmith, D., Gorry, S., Goswami, N., Gottlieb, B., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Grim, A., Grom, A., Guevara, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hamda Natur, M., Hammelev, E., Hammond, T., Harel, L., Harris, J., Harry, O., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hays, K., Hayward, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horton, D., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huberts, A., Huggins, J., Huie, L., Hui-Yuen, J., Ibarra, M., Imlay, A., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Jackson, A., James, K., Janow, G., Jared, S., Jiang, Y., Johnson, L., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Kafisheh, D., Kahn, P., Kaidar, K., Kasinathan, S., Kaur, R., Kessler, E., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein-Gitelman, M., Knight, A., Kovalick, L., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Kudas, O., LaFlam, T., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lapin, B., Lasky, A., Lawler, C., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lee, A., Leisinger, E., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levinsky, Y., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Limenis, E., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lionetti, G., Livny, R., Lloyd, M., Lo, M., Long, A., Lopez-Peña, M., Lovell, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Lytch, A., Ma, M., Machado, A., MacMahon, J., Madison, J., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Mansfield, L., Marston, B., Mason, T., Matchett, D., McAllister, L., McBrearty, K., McColl, J., McCurdy, D., McDaniels, K., McDonald, J., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mian, Z., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Milojevic, D., Mitacek, R., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, T., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Moreno, J., Morgan, E., Moyer, A., Murante, B., Murphy, A., Muscal, E., Mwizerwa, O., Najafi, A., Nanda, K., Nasah, N., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Nearanz, K., Neely, J., Newhall, L., Nguyen, A., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Nolan, B., Nowicki, K., Oakes, R., Oberle, E., Ogbonnaya-Whittesley, S., Ogbu, E., Oliver, M., Olveda, R., Onel, K., Orandi, A., Padam, J., Paller, A., Pan, N., Pandya, J., Panupattanapong, S., Toledano, A. Pappo, Parsons, A., Patel, J., Patel, P., Patrick, A., Patrizi, S., Paul, S., Perfetto, J., Perron, M., Peskin, M., Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Puplava, B., Quinlan-Waters, M., Rabinovich, C., Rafko, J., Rahimi, H., Rampone, K., Ramsey, S., Randell, R., Ray, L., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reid, H., Reiff, D., Richins, S., Riebschleger, M., Rife, E., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Robinson, A., Robinson, L., Rodgers, L., Rodriquez, M., Rogers, D., Ronis, T., Rosado, A., Rosenkranz, M., Rosenwasser, N., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Rothschild, E., Roth-Wojcicki, E., Rouster-Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Rupp, J., Ruth, N., Sabbagh, S., Sadun, R., Santiago, L., Saper, V., Sarkissian, A., Scalzi, L., Schahn, J., Schikler, K., Schlefman, A., Schmeling, H., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schulert, G., Schultz, K., Schutt, C., Seper, C., Sheets, R., Shehab, A., Shenoi, S., Sherman, M., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Siegel, D., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sloan, E., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Soep, J., Son, Mary B., Sosna, D., Spencer, C., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Steigerwald, K., Stephens, A., Sterba Rakovchik, Y., Stern, S., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stewart, W., Stingl, C., Stoll, M., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sullivan, J., Sundel, R., Sutter, M., Swaffar, C., Swayne, N., Syed, R., Symington, T., Syverson, G., Szymanski, A., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Tesher, M., Thakurdeen, T., Theisen, A., Thomas, B., Thomas, L., Thomas, N., Ting, T., Todd, C., Toib, D., Toib, D., Torok, K., Tory, H., Toth, M., Tse, S., Tsin, C., Twachtman-Bassett, J., Twilt, M., Valcarcel, T., Valdovinos, R., Vallee, A., Van Mater, H., Vandenbergen, S., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vega-Fernandez, P., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Verstegen, R., von Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner-Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, B., Walters, H., Waterfield, M., Waters, A., Weiser, P., Weiss, P., Weiss, J., Wershba, E., Westheuser, V., White, A., Widrick, K., Williams, C., Wong, S., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yasin, S., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Zeft, A., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., and Zhu, A.
Abstract: After introducing IL-1/IL-6 inhibitors, some patients with Still and Still-like disease developed unusual, often fatal, pulmonary disease. This complication was associated with scoring as DReSS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) implicating these inhibitors, although DReSS can be difficult to recognize in the setting of systemic inflammatory disease.
Published: 2024
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14. Down Syndrome–Associated Arthritis Cohort in the New Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcomes

Author: Jones, Jordan T., Smith, Chelsey, Becker, Mara L., Lovell, Daniel, Abel, N., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Adams, M., Agbayani, R., Akoghlanian, S., Al Ahmed, O., Allenspach, E., Alperin, R., Alpizar, M., Amarilyo, G., Anastasopoulos, D., Anderson, E., Andrew, M., Ardalan, K., Ardoin, S., Baker, E., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballenger, L., Ballinger, S., Balmuri, N., Barbar‐Smiley, F., Barillas‐Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Bell‐Brunson, H., Beltz, E., Benham, H., Benseler, S., Bernal, W., Beukelman, T., Bigley, T., Binstadt, B., Birmingham, J., Black, C., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boland, J., Boneparth, A., Bowman, S., Brooks, E., Brown, A., Brunner, H., Buckley, M., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullington, A., Bullock, D., Cameron, B., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Carpenter, S., Carper, P., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Cerracchio, L., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang‐Hoftman, A., Chauhan, V., Chira, P., Chiu, Y., Chundru, K., Clairman, H., Co, D., Collins, K., Confair, A., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Cooper, S., Correll, C., Corvalan, R., Cospito, T., Costanzo, D., Cron, R., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Davis, A., Davis, C., Davis, C., Davis, T., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., Dempsey, V., DeSantis, E., Dickson, T., Dingle, J., Dionizovik‐Dimanovski, M., Donaldson, B., Dorsey, E., Dover, S., Dowling, J., Drew, J., Driest, K., Drummond, K., Du, Q., Duarte, K., Durkee, D., Duverger, E., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Eckert, M., Ede, K., Edens, C., Edens, C., Edgerly, Y., Elder, M., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Falcon, M., Favier, L., Feldman, B., Ferguson, I., Ferguson, P., Ferreira, B., Ferrucho, R., Fields, K., Finkel, T., Fitzgerald, M., Fleck, D., Fleming, C., Flynn, O., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franco, L., Freeman, M., Froese, S., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., George, N., Gergely, T., Gerhold, K., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gillispie‐Taylor, M., Giverc, E., Goh, I., Goldberg, T., Goldsmith, D., Gotschlich, E., Gotte, A., Gottlieb, B., Gracia, C., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Griswold, J., Guevara, M., Guittar, P., Gurion, R., Guzman, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hammelev, E., Hance, M., Hansman, E., Hanson, A., Harel, L., Haro, S., Harris, J., Hartigan, E., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hayward, K., Heiart, J., Hekl, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hillyer, S., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huggins, J., Hughes, R., Hui‐Yuen, J., Hung, C., Huntington, J., Huttenlocher, A., Ibarra, M., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Iqbal, S., Jackson, A., Jackson, S., James, K., Janow, G., Jaquith, J., Jared, S., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, K., Jones, S., Joshi, S., Jung, L., Justice, C., Justiniano, A., Kahn, P., Karan, N., Kaufman, K., Kemp, A., Kessler, E., Khaleel, M., Khalsa, U., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein‐Gitelman, M., Kosikowski, A., Kovalick, L., Kracker, J., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Lai, J., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lasky, A., Latham, D., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lingis, M., Lo, M., Lovell, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Ma, M., Mackey, C., Madison, C., Madison, J., Malla, B., Maller, J., Malloy, M., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Marques, L., Martyniuk, A., Mason, T., Mathus, S., McAllister, L., McCallum, B., McCarthy, K., McConnell, K., McCurdy, D., McCurdy Stokes, P., McGuire, S., McHale, I., McHugh, A., McKibben, K., McMonagle, A., McMullen‐Jackson, C., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mendoza, E., Mercado, R., Merritt, A., Michalowski, L., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Mirizio, E., Misajon, E., Mitchell, M., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Morgan, S., Morgan Dewitt, E., Morris, S., Moss, C., Moussa, T., Mruk, V., Mulvhihill, E., Muscal, E., Nahal, B., Nanda, K., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Neely, J., Nelson, B., Newhall, L., Ng, L., Nguyen, E., Nicholas, J., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Oberle, E., Obispo, B., O’Brien, B., O’Brien, T., O’Connor, M., Oliver, M., Olson, J., O’Neil, K., Onel, K., Orlando, M., Oz, R., Pagano, E., Paller, A., Pan, N., Panupattanapong, S., Paredes, J., Parsons, A., Patel, J., Pentakota, K., Pepmueller, P., Pfeiffer, T., Phillippi, K., Phillippi, K., Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Pratt, S., Protopapas, S., Punaro, M., Puplava, B., Quach, J., Quinlan‐Waters, M., Quintero, A., Rabinovich, C., Radhakrishna, S., Rafko, J., Raisian, J., Rakestraw, A., Ramsay, E., Ramsey, S., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reid, H., Reyes, A., Richmond, A., Riebschleger, M., Ringold, S., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Ritter, M., Rivas‐Chacon, R., Roberson, S., Robinson, A., Rodela, E., Rodriquez, M., Rojas, K., Ronis, T., Rosenkranz, M., Rosenwasser Raines, N., Rosolowski, B., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Roth‐Wojcicki, E., Rouster–Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Ruth, N., Saad, N., Sabatino, M., Sabbagh, S., Sadun, R., Sandborg, C., Sanni, A., Sarkissian, A., Savani, S., Scalzi, L., Schanberg, L., Scharnhorst, S., Schikler, K., Schmeling, H., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schollaert‐Fitch, K., Schulert, G., Seay, T., Seper, C., Shalen, J., Sheets, R., Shelly, A., Shen, B., Shenoi, S., Shergill, K., Shiff, N., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Silverman, E., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sletten, J., Smith, A., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Snider, C., Soep, J., Son, M., Soybilgic, A., Spence, S., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Sran, R., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Stasek, J., Steigerwald, K., Sterba Rakovchik, Y., Stern, S., Stevens, A., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stingl, C., Stokes, J., Stoll, M., Stoops, S., Strelow, J., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sumner, J., Sundel, R., Sura, A., Sutter, M., Syed, R., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tapani, S., Tarshish, G., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Terry, M., Tesher, M., Thatayatikom, A., Thomas, B., Ting, T., Tipp, A., Toib, D., Torok, K., Toruner, C., Tory, H., Toth, M., Treemarcki, E., Tse, S., Tubwell, V., Twilt, M., Uriguen, S., Valcarcel, T., Van Mater, H., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vazzana, K., Vega‐Fernandes, P., Vehe, R., Veiga, K., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Volpe, N., von Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner, J., Wagner‐Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, J., Walters, H., Wampler Muskardin, T., Wang, C., Waqar, L., Waterfield, M., Watson, M., Watts, A., Waugaman, B., Weiser, P., Weiss, J., Weiss, P., Wershba, E., White, A., Williams, C., Wise, A., Woo, J., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yee, M., Yen, E., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Yu, Q., Zapata, R., Zartoshti, A., Zeft, A., Zeft, R., Zemel, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhu, A., and Zic, C.
Abstract: Down syndrome–associated arthritis (DA) is underrecognized, and current therapies used for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) appear to be poorly tolerated and less effective in patients with DA. The objective of this study was to characterize clinical manifestations and therapeutic preferences in DA compared to JIA, using the new Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (nCARRA) registry. In a case–control study, between July 2015 and March 2019, patients with a diagnosis of JIA and Down syndrome (DS) were identified and matched by age, sex, and JIA subtype to patients who have JIA without DS. Collected data included demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, laboratory results, treatment exposure, and outcome measures. A total of 36 children with DA and 165 with JIA were identified. Most patients presented with polyarticular rheumatoid factor–negative disease. At entry into the nCARRA registry, there were minimal differences between the groups, and at the last visit there were significant differences (P< 0.05) for multiple outcome measures. Patients with DA and those with JIA had similar therapeutic exposure to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics, but those with DA had more DMARD‐related adverse events (93% versus 25%) and biologic therapy ineffectiveness (60% versus 17%). There was little difference between patients with DA and those with JIA at baseline, and similar therapy was implemented for those in the nCARRA registry; however, at the last visit, the patients with DA had greater disease burden. Additionally, there were more DMARD‐related adverse events and biologic ineffectiveness for those patients with DA. More research is needed to determine differences in pathophysiology and optimal therapeutic approaches.
Published: 2021
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15. Juvenile Spondyloarthritis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: High Biologic Use, Low Prevalence of HLA–B27, and Equal Sex Representation in Sacroiliitis

Author: Rumsey, Dax G., Lougee, Aimee, Matsouaka, Roland, Collier, David H., Schanberg, Laura E., Schenfeld, Jennifer, Shiff, Natalie J., Stoll, Matthew L., Stryker, Scott, Weiss, Pamela F., Beukelman, Timothy, Abel, N., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Adams, M., Agbayani, R., Aiello, J., Akoghlanian, S., Alejandro, C., Allenspach, E., Alperin, R., Alpizar, M., Amarilyo, G., Ambler, W., Anderson, E., Ardoin, S., Armendariz, S., Baker, E., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballenger, L., Ballinger, S., Balmuri, N., Barbar‐Smiley, F., Barillas‐Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Becker, M., Bell‐Brunson, H., Beltz, E., Benham, H., Benseler, S., Bernal, W., Bigley, T., Binstadt, B., Black, C., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boland, J., Boneparth, A., Bowman, S., Bracaglia, C., Brooks, E., Brothers, M., Brown, A., Brunner, H., Buckley, M., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullock, D., Cameron, B., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Carper, P., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Cerracchio, L., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang‐Hoftman, A., Chauhan, V., Chira, P., Chinn, T., Chundru, K., Clairman, H., Co, D., Confair, A., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Cooper, S., Correll, C., Corvalan, R., Costanzo, D., Cron, R., Curiel‐Duran, L., Curington, T., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Davis, A., Davis, C., Davis, C., Davis, T., De Benedetti, F., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., Dempsey, V., DeSantis, E., Dickson, T., Dingle, J., Donaldson, B., Dorsey, E., Dover, S., Dowling, J., Drew, J., Driest, K., Du, Q., Duarte, K., Durkee, D., Duverger, E., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Eckert, M., Ede, K., Edelheit, B., Edens, C., Edens, C., Edgerly, Y., Elder, M., Ervin, B., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Falcon, M., Favier, L., Federici, S., Feldman, B., Fennell, J., Ferguson, I., Ferguson, P., Ferreira, B., Ferrucho, R., Fields, K., Finkel, T., Fitzgerald, M., Fleming, C., Flynn, O., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franco, L., Freeman, M., Fritz, K., Froese, S., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., George, N., Gerhold, K., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gillispie‐Taylor, M., Giverc, E., Godiwala, C., Goh, I., Goheer, H., Goldsmith, D., Gotschlich, E., Gotte, A., Gottlieb, B., Gracia, C., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Griswold, J., Grom, A., Guevara, M., Guittar, P., Guzman, M., Hager, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hammelev, E., Hance, M., Hanson, A., Harel, L., Haro, S., Harris, J., Harry, O., Hartigan, E., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hayward, K., Heiart, J., Hekl, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hill, P., Hillyer, S., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huggins, J., Hui‐Yuen, J., Hung, C., Huntington, J., Huttenlocher, A., Ibarra, M., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Insalaco, A., Jackson, A., Jackson, S., James, K., Janow, G., Jaquith, J., Jared, S., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, K., Jones, S., Joshi, S., Jung, L., Justice, C., Justiniano, A., Karan, N., Kaufman, K., Kemp, A., Kessler, E., Khalsa, U., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein‐Gitelman, M., Kompelien, B., Kosikowski, A., Kovalick, L., Kracker, J., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Lai, J., Lam, J., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lapin, B., Lasky, A., Latham, D., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lingis, M., Lo, M., Lovell, D., Lowman, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Madison, C., Madison, J., Magni Manzoni, S., Malla, B., Maller, J., Malloy, M., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Marques, L., Martyniuk, A., Mason, T., Mathus, S., McAllister, L., McCarthy, K., McConnell, K., McCormick, E., McCurdy, D., McCurdy Stokes, P., McGuire, S., McHale, I., McMonagle, A., McMullen‐Jackson, C., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mendoza, E., Mercado, R., Merritt, A., Michalowski, L., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Milojevic, D., Mirizio, E., Misajon, E., Mitchell, M., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Morgan, S., Morgan Dewitt, E., Moss, C., Moussa, T., Mruk, V., Murphy, A., Muscal, E., Nadler, R., Nahal, B., Nanda, K., Nasah, N., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Neely, J., Nelson, B., Newhall, L., Ng, L., Nicholas, J., Nicolai, R., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Nolan, B., Oberle, E., Obispo, B., O’Brien, B., O’Brien, T., Okeke, O., Oliver, M., Olson, J., O’Neil, K., Onel, K., Orandi, A., Orlando, M., Osei‐Onomah, S., Oz, R., Pagano, E., Paller, A., Pan, N., Panupattanapong, S., Pardeo, M., Paredes, J., Parsons, A., Patel, J., Pentakota, K., Pepmueller, P., Pfeiffer, T., Phillippi, K., Pires Marafon, D., Phillippi, K., Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Pratt, S., Protopapas, S., Puplava, B., Quach, J., Quinlan‐Waters, M., Rabinovich, C., Radhakrishna, S., Rafko, J., Raisian, J., Rakestraw, A., Ramirez, C., Ramsay, E., Ramsey, S., Randell, R., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reid, H., Remmel, K., Repp, A., Reyes, A., Richmond, A., Riebschleger, M., Ringold, S., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Ritter, M., Rivas‐Chacon, R., Robinson, A., Rodela, E., Rodriquez, M., Rojas, K., Ronis, T., Rosenkranz, M., Rosolowski, B., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Roth‐Wojcicki, E., Rouster – Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Ruth, N., Saad, N., Sabbagh, S., Sacco, E., Sadun, R., Sandborg, C., Sanni, A., Santiago, L., Sarkissian, A., Savani, S., Scalzi, L., Scharnhorst, S., Schikler, K., Schlefman, A., Schmeling, H., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schollaert‐Fitch, K., Schulert, G., Seay, T., Seper, C., Shalen, J., Sheets, R., Shelly, A., Shenoi, S., Shergill, K., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Shivers, C., Silverman, E., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sletten, J., Smith, A., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Soep, J., Son, M., Spence, S., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Sran, R., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Steigerwald, K., Sterba Rakovchik, Y., Stern, S., Stevens, A., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stingl, C., Stokes, J., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sumner, J., Sundel, R., Sutter, M., Syed, R., Syverson, G., Szymanski, A., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tapani, S., Tarshish, G., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Terry, M., Tesher, M., Thatayatikom, A., Thomas, B., Tiffany, K., Ting, T., Tipp, A., Toib, D., Torok, K., Toruner, C., Tory, H., Toth, M., Tse, S., Tubwell, V., Twilt, M., Uriguen, S., Valcarcel, T., Van Mater, H., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vazzana, K., Vehe, R., Veiga, K., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Vilar, G., Volpe, N., von Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner, J., Wagner‐Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, J., Walters, H., Wampler Muskardin, T., Waqar, L., Waterfield, M., Watson, M., Watts, A., Weiser, P., Weiss, J., Wershba, E., White, A., Williams, C., Wise, A., Woo, J., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yee, M., Yen, E., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Yu, Q., Zapata, R., Zartoshti, A., Zeft, A., Zeft, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhu, A., and Zic, C.
Abstract: To describe characteristics of children with enthesitis‐related arthritis (ERA) and juvenile psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who were enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) registry. All children with ERA and those with juvenile PsA were identified. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and treatments were described. The children with sacroiliitis and those without sacroiliitis were compared. In the children with sacroiliitis, the first visit with clinically active sacroiliitis (which came first in 72% of cases) was compared to the first visit without clinically active sacroiliitis. A total of 902 children with ERA or juvenile PsA were identified. Children with ERA were older at diagnosis (ages 10.8 years versus 8.2 years; P< 0.01) and were more likely to be male (56% versus 38%; P< 0.01). Polyarticular involvement was reported in 57% of children with ERA and in 72% of those with juvenile PsA. Of the children tested, HLA–B27 was positive in 38% of those in the ERA group and in 12% of those in the juvenile PsA group. At least 1 biologic was taken by 72% of those with ERA and 64% of those with juvenile PsA. Sacroiliitis (diagnosed clinically and/or by imaging) was reported in 28% of the children (40% of those with ERA and 12% of those with juvenile PsA). Of these, 54% of the children were female, 36% were HLA–B27 positive, and 81% took at least 1 biologic. In children with sacroiliitis, scores according to the physician global assessment of disease activity, parent/patient global assessment of well‐being, and clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 10 were all significantly worse at the first visit with clinically active sacroiliitis versus the first visit without active sacroiliitis. In this registry, there are more than 900 children with ERA or juvenile PsA. There was high biologic use in this population, especially in those with sacroiliitis. Further, there was equal sex representation in those children with sacroiliitis.
Published: 2021
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16. Theory of the temperature dependence of rotational tunnelling phenomena of coupled pairs of CH3 groups

Author: Huggins, J. G.
Published: 1985
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17. Why do two procedures when one will do? Thoracic ultrasound guiding management of complex pleural space infections.

Author: Petkovich, Brad W., McManigle, William C., Chopra, Amit, and Huggins, J. Terrill
Abstract: Complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyemas are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. When managing a potentially infected pleural space, current guidelines support performing diagnostic thoracentesis prior to consideration of chest tube insertion. We present a case demonstrating our clinical approach to the management of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyemas, with patient presentation and initial point-of-care thoracic ultrasound assessment guiding consideration of immediate insertion of small-bore (14 F) chest tube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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18. Utility of point-of-care ultrasound for guidance of ultrafiltration goal in a patient with end stage renal disease and acute hypoxic respiratory failure following 2 weeks on mechanical ventilation.

Author: Botros, Shirley, Mehta, Swati, Chopra, Amit, and Huggins, J. Terrill
Abstract: Point-of-care ultrasound is a bedside tool that is increasingly being used as part of the physical examination to evaluate fluid status. Cardiac ultrasound for assessment of volume status focuses on evaluating left ventricular ejection fraction, presence of pericardial effusion, right ventricular size, inferior vena cava size and collapsibility, and stroke volume measurement at the left ventricular outflow tract. Another way in which POCUS can be used to assess for fluid overload is the use of mitral inflow doppler to measure early diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E) and tissue doppler to measure early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e'). The ratio of E/e' is then used as an estimation of left ventricular filling pressure. This is a case where a 54-year-old female with end stage renal disease presents with hypoxic respiratory failure and is found to have diffuse bilateral airspace opacities on chest radiograph. E/e' was used to determine the etiology of the patient's undifferentiated pulmonary infiltrates and guide fluid removal through ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration was performed with subsequent improvement in E/e' and the patient was successfully weaned off mechanical ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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19. Pharmacological modulation of pain-related brain activity during normal and central sensitization states in humans

Author: Iannetti, G. D., primary, Zambreanu, L., additional, Wise, R. G., additional, Buchanan, T. J., additional, Huggins, J. P., additional, Smart, T. S., additional, Vennart, W., additional, and Tracey, I., additional
Published: 2005
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20. PKG-I alpha phosphorylates the alpha-subunit and upregulates reconstituted GKCa channels from tracheal smooth muscle

Author: Alioua, A., primary, Huggins, J. P., additional, and Rousseau, E., additional
Published: 1995
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21. Expectancies regarding the interaction between smoking and substance use in alcohol-dependent smokers in early recovery.

Author: Carmody TP, Delucchi K, Simon JA, Duncan CL, Solkowitz SN, Huggins J, Lee SK, Hall SM, Carmody, Timothy P, Delucchi, Kevin, Simon, Joel A, Duncan, Carol L, Solkowitz, Sharon N, Huggins, Joy, Lee, Sharon K, and Hall, Sharon M
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate expectancies regarding the interaction between cigarette smoking and use of alcohol among alcohol-dependent smokers in early recovery, using the Nicotine and Other Substances Interaction Expectancies Questionnaire (NOSIE). Participants were 162 veterans, 97% male, with a mean age of 50 years, enrolled in a clinical trial aimed at determining the efficacy of an intensive smoking cessation intervention versus usual care. At baseline, participants were assessed on measures of smoking behavior, abstinence thoughts about alcohol and tobacco use, symptoms of depression, and smoking-substance use interaction expectancies. In addition, biologically verified abstinence from tobacco and alcohol was assessed at 26 weeks. Participants reported that they expected smoking to have less of an impact on substance use than substance use has on smoking (p < .001). Severity of depressive symptoms was significantly associated with the expectancy that smoking provides a way of coping with the urge to use other substances (p < .01). The expectation that smoking increases substance urges/use was predictive of prospectively measured and biologically verified abstinence from smoking at 26 weeks (p < .03). The results add to our knowledge of smoking-substance use interaction expectancies among alcohol-dependent smokers in early recovery and will inform the development of more effective counseling interventions for concurrent alcohol and tobacco use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
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22. Quality of life and psychosocial profile among young women with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Author: Grant T, Huggins J, Connor P, and Streissguth A
Abstract: Prenatal alcohol exposure can result in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Clinical reports indicate a poor quality of life (QOL) among individuals with FASD; however, QOL has not been formally assessed and reported in this population. We describe psychosocial and QOL assessment scores among 11 women with FASD. These women had poor QOL scores and high levels of mental health disorders and behavioral problems relative to standardization samples and other at-risk populations. We suggest that psychiatric distress may play a substantial role in the reduced quality of life reported among adults with FASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2005

23. A 37-Year-Old Woman With Diabetes Mellitus, Systemic Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease Admitted With Multifocal Pneumonia and Empyema

Author: Huggins, J. Terrill, Karakala, Nithin, Campbell, Ruth, Kummerfeldt, Carlos, Nestor, Jennings, Pastis, Nicholas J., and Doelken, Peter
Published: 2014
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24. Using Endobronchial Ultrasound Features to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With Lung Cancer

Author: Wang Memoli, Jessica S., El-Bayoumi, Ezzat, Pastis, Nicholas J., Tanner, Nichole T., Gomez, Mario, Huggins, J. Terrill, Onicescu, Georgiana, Garrett-Mayer, Elizabeth, Armeson, Kent, Taylor, Katherine K., and Silvestri, Gerard A.
Abstract: Reliable staging of the mediastinum determines TNM classification and directs therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our aim was to evaluate predictors of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS).
Published: 2011
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25. Management of Pneumothorax in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Author: Almoosa, Khalid F., Ryu, Jay H., Mendez, Jose, Huggins, J. Terrill, Young, Lisa R., Sullivan, Eugene J., Maurer, Janet, McCormack, Francis X., and Sahn, Steven A.
Abstract: Pneumothorax is a common complication of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), and the optimal approach to its treatment and prevention is unknown. Chemical or surgical pleurodesis are often required to prevent recurrence. However, their efficacy in LAM is unclear, and whether they contribute to perioperative complications during lung transplantation is uncertain.
Published: 2006
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26. A Potent, Selective Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 for the Topical Treatment of Chronic Dermal Ulcers

Author: Fray, M. J., Dickinson, R. P., Huggins, J. P., and Occleston, N. L.
Abstract: The pathology of chronic dermal ulcers is characterized by excessive proteolytic activity which degrades extracellular matrix (required for cell migration) and growth factors and their receptors. The overexpression of MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3) is associated with nonhealing wounds, whereas active MMPs-1, -2, -9, and -14 are required for normal wound healing to occur. We describe the synthesis and enzyme inhibition profile of (3R)-3-({[(1S)-2,2-dimethyl-1-({[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-phenylethyl]amino}carbonyl)propyl]amino}carbonyl)-6-(3-methyl-4-phenylphenyl)hexanoic acid (UK-370,106, 7), which is a potent inhibitor of MMP-3 (IC50 = 23 nM) with >1200-fold weaker potency vs MMP-1, -2, -9, and -14. MMP-13, which may also contribute to the pathology of chronic wounds, was inhibited about 100-fold less potently by compound 7. Compound 7 potently inhibited cleavage of [³H]-fibronectin by MMP-3 (IC50 = 320 nM) but not cleavage of [³H]-gelatin by either MMP-2 or -9 (up to 100 μM). Compound 7 had little effect, at MMP-3 selective concentrations, on keratinocyte migration over a collagen matrix in vitro, which is a model of the re-epithelialization process. Following iv (rat) or topical administration to dermal wounds (rabbit), compound 7 was cleared rapidly (t1/2 = 23 min) from plasma, but slowly (t1/2 ~ 3 days) from dermal tissue. In a model of chronic dermal ulcers, topical administration of compound 7 for 6 days substantially inhibited MMP-3 ex vivo. These data suggest compound 7 is sufficiently potent to inhibit MMP-3-mediated matrix degradation while leaving unaffected cellular migration mediated by MMPs 1, 2, and 9. These properties make compound 7 a suitable candidate for progression to clinical trials in human chronic dermal wounds, such as venous ulcers.
Published: 2003

27. Frequency Component Selection for an ECoG-based Brain-Computer Interface. Auswahl von Frequenzkomponenten aus ECoG-Signalen zur Steuerung eines Brain Computer Interface

Author: Scherer, R., Graimann, B., Huggins, J. E., Levine, S. R., and Pfurtscheller, G.
Published: 2003
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28. Treatment of lethal Ebola virus infection in mice with a single dose of an S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitor

Author: Bray, M., Driscoll, J., and Huggins, J. W.
Published: 2000
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29. Pharmacokinetics of the antiviral agent carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine.

Author: Coulombe, R A, Huie, J M, Sharma, R P, and Huggins, J W
Abstract: The pharmacokinetics of carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (Cc3Ado), a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase and novel antiviral agent, was investigated in female BALB/c mice. Mice were dosed either orally or intravenously with a single dose of 10 mg/kg (10 microCi [3H]Cc3Ado), and blood and tissue samples were taken at selected intervals for 24 hr. The plasma concentration vs. time data for Cc3Ado was best described by a two-compartment open model with first-order elimination. The apparent half-life was 23 and 38 min, for intravenously and orally administered Cc3Ado, respectively. Depending on route, tissue concentrations of Cc3Ado reached their maximum by 120 min, and concentrations of Cc3Ado were greatest in the liver, followed by the kidney, spleen, and stomach. By 24 hr, all tissues contained a similar amount of Cc3Ado. In the plasma, one major labeled metabolite was detected, which increased in concentration over time until about 45 min after dosing. None of the plasma Cc3Ado was protein bound, as assessed by in vitro protein binding analysis. Oral Cc3Ado was about 20% bioavailable. Data from this first investigation of the pharmacokinetics of Cc3Ado indicate that this antiviral agent is rapidly distributed and eliminated from the plasma and that distribution to tissues is widespread and rapid.
Published: 1993
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30. Inhibition of PhlebovirusInfections in vivoby Tiazofurin and Selenazofurin

Author: Smee, D. F., Huffman, J. H., Hall, L. L., Huggins, J. W., and Sidwell, R. W.
Abstract: The c-nucleosides tiazofurin and selenazofurin were evaluated in mice against the Adames strain of Punta Toro virus, a Phlebovirusrelated to Rift Valley fever and sandfly fever viruses. When administered subcutaneously (s.c.) twice a day for 5 days starting 4h before virus inoculation, tiazofurin reduced mortality, hepatic icterus scores, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and serum virus titres at 250–500 mg kg−1day−1. Liver virus titres were not reduced in these treated animals, however. Oral tiazofurin treatment was effective by the same criteria at 375 and 750 mg kg−1, except that liver virus titres were reduced at 750 mg kg−1. Similar effects were observed with selenazofurin given s.c. (80–160 mg kg−1) or orally (80–320 mg kg−1) for 5 days. Selenazofurin suppressed liver virus titres by oral but not s.c. treatment. In a time-course study tiazofurin was effective s.c. at 250–1000 mg kg−1when administered once only at 48 h after virus inoculation, whereas treatments at 4, 24, 72 and 96 h were less or not effective. By comparison with published results, tiazofurin and selenazofurin do not appear to be as active or selective as ribavirin and ribamidine against Punta Toro virus infections in mice.
Published: 1990
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31. Combination Chemotherapy of Punta Toro Virus Infections in Mice Using Ribavirin and 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine

Author: Smee, D. F., Coombs, J., Huffman, J. H., Huggins, J. W., and Sidwell, R. W.
Abstract: Ribavirin was combined with the immunoenhancing agent 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine (TOGuo) to treat lethal experimental Punta Toro virus infections in mice. Lethal hepatic disease caused by the Adames strain of the virus was treated orally with ribavirin and intraperitoneally with TOGuo, with both treatments starting 24 h after virus inoculation. By themselves, ribavirin (25 mg/kg) and TOGuo (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) protected 80–100% of mice from mortality, but lower doses of each were ineffective. Combinations of the two agents (ribavirin, 25 mg/kg plus TOGuo at 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg) produced synergistic decreases in hepatic icterus scores, liver and spleen virus titres, and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Lower dosage combinations were not synergistic. Of particular interest was the observation that TOGuo (25 mg/kg) could reverse the lethal toxicity of a high dose of ribavirin (1250 mg/kg) both in Punta Toro virus-infected and uninfected mice. These data suggest that TOGuo increased the therapeutic index of ribavirin by decreasing toxicity and increasing antiviral activity in this model.
Published: 1991
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32. Naked DNA vaccines expressing the prM and E genes of Russian spring summer encephalitis virus and Central European encephalitis virus protect mice from homologous and heterologous challenge

Author: Schmaljohn, C, Vanderzanden, L, Bray, M, Custer, D, Meyer, B, Li, D, Rossi, C, Fuller, D, Fuller, J, Haynes, J, and Huggins, J
Abstract: Naked DNA vaccines expressing the prM and E genes of two tick-borne flaviviruses, Russian spring summer encephalitis (RSSE) virus and Central European encephalitis (CEE) virus were evaluated in mice. The vaccines were administered by particle bombardment of DNA-coated gold beads by Accell gene gun inoculation. Two immunizations of 0.5 to 1 microg of RSSE or CEE constructs/dose, delivered at 4-week intervals, elicited cross-reactive antibodies detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-titer neutralizing antibodies to CEE virus. Cross-challenge experiments demonstrated that either vaccine induced protective immunity to homologous or heterologous RSSE or CEE virus challenge. The absence of antibody titer increases after challenge and the presence of antibodies to E and prM, but not NS1, both before and after challenge suggest that the vaccines prevented productive replication of the challenge virus. One vaccination with 0.5 microg of CEE virus DNA provided protective immunity for at least 2 months, and two vaccinations protected mice from challenge with CEE virus for at least 6 months.
Published: 1997
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33. Dynamics of Flexible Manipulator Arms: Alternative Derivation, Verification, and Characteristics for Control

Author: Yuan, B.-S., Book, W. J., and Huggins, J. D.
Abstract: This work seeks to provide an effective way for developing the dynamics of a multi-link flexible manipulator consisting of rotary joints connecting two links. Kinematics of both the rotary joint motion and the link deformation are described by 4×4 transformation matrices as proposed in previous works (Book, 1984). The link deflection is assumed small so that the link transformation can be composed of summations of assumed link shapes. To determine the appropriate choice of component mode shapes, two essential techniques employed here are experimental and finite element methods. The resulting equations of motion allow the complete nonlinear model to be recursively derived from the Jacobian matrix and the mass properties via symbolic manipulation. Two prototype models of flexible manipulators are used to verify the dynamics with frequency and time responses. This paper contributes several new results: (1) the velocity terms (Coriolis and centrifugal forces) are related to variations in the mass matrix, (2) the skew symmetry of certain useful terms are shown, (3) the system is theoretically demonstrated to be stable with joint P.D. controllers in addition to an experimental approach, (4) practical and effective incorporation of actuator dynamics (hydraulic cylinder) and structural complexity (non-uniform cross section) is achieved through selection of mode shapes, (5) geometric constraints are incorporated through simplified coordinate transformations and (6) the results are verified on two physical cases.
Published: 1993
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34. Construction and characterization of chimeric tick-borne encephalitis/dengue type 4 viruses.

Author: Pletnev, A G, Bray, M, Huggins, J, and Lai, C J
Abstract: Dengue type 4 virus (DEN4) cDNA was used as a vector to express genes of the distantly related tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Full-length chimeric TBEV/DEN4 cDNAs were constructed by substituting TBEV genes coding for proteins such as capsid (C); pre-membrane, which is the precursor of membrane (M); envelope (E); or nonstructural protein NS1 for the corresponding DEN4 sequences. RNA transcripts prepared from cDNAs were used to transfect permissive simian cells. Two viable chimeric viruses that contained TBEV CME or ME genes were recovered. Compared with DEN4, chimeric TBE(ME)/DEN4 virus [designated vTBE(ME)/DEN4] produced larger plaques and grew to higher titer in simian cells. In contrast, vTBE(ME)/DEN4 produced smaller plaques on mosquito cells and grew to lower titer than DEN4. Analysis of viral RNA and proteins produced in vTBE(ME)/DEN4- and DEN4-infected mosquito or simian cells revealed that the chimera was restricted in its ability to enter and replicate in mosquito cells. In contrast, vTBE(ME)/DEN4 entered simian cells efficiently and its RNA was replicated more rapidly in these cells than was parental DEN4 RNA. Following intracerebral inoculation, vTBE(ME)/DEN4 caused fatal encephalitis in both suckling and adult mice, while nearly all mice inoculated by the same route with DEN4 did not develop disease. Unlike wild-type TBEV, vTBE(ME)/DEN4 did not cause encephalitis when adult mice were inoculated by a peripheral route. Adult mice previously inoculated with the chimera by a peripheral route were completely resistant to subsequent intraperitoneal challenge with 10(3) times the median lethal dose of TBEV, whereas mice previously inoculated with DEN4 were not protected. These findings indicate that (i) the TBEV M and E genes of the chimeric virus are major protective antigens and induce resistance to lethal TBEV challenge and (ii) other regions of the TBEV genome are essential for the ability of this virus to spread from a peripheral site to the brain. Success in constructing a viable TBEV/DEN4 chimera that retains the protective antigens of TBEV but lacks its peripheral invasiveness provides a strategy for the development of live attenuated TBEV vaccines.
Published: 1992
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35. A Comparison of Pyrimidinone Analogue Immunomodulators for Treatment of PhlebovirusInfections in Mice

Author: Sidwell, R. W., Huffman, J. H., Coombs, J., Renis, H., Huggins, J., and Kende, M.
Abstract: The substituted pyrimidinone immunomodulators 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-2-imino-6-phenyl-4(1H)-pyrimidinone (ABPP), 5-iodo-2,3-dihydro-2-imino-6-phenyl-4(1H)-pyrimidinone (AIPP), 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-2-imino-6-methyl-4(1H)-pyrimidinone (ABMP), 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-imino-6-phenyl-4(1H)-pyrimidinone (ACPP), 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-2-iminp-6-(3-fluorophenyl)-4(1H)-pyrimidinone (ABmFPP) and 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-imino-6-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-4(1H)-pyrimidinone (AComF2PP) were evaluated against the hepatotropic and immunosuppressive infection of mice induced by Punta Toro virus, a Phlebovirusrelated to Rift Valley fever virus. Using intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatments once daily for 3 days beginning 1 day prior to virus exposure, the order of efficacy was ABPP > ABmFPP > AComF2PP > AIPP > ABMP > ACPP, with prevention of death as end-point. Using single i.p. treatment 1 day prior to virus exposure, antiviral activity was seen in the order ABPP > ABmFPP > ABMP > AIPP > ACPP > AComF2PP. Three active pyrimidonones, ABPP, ABMP and AIPP, were given by gavage (p.o.) using the above 3-day treatment schedule. In this experiment, expanded parameters were used, with prevention of death seen as well as decreased hepatic icterus, as evidenced by lowered liver scores and serum glutamic oxalacetic and pyruvic transaminases. In addition, recoverable virus titres were reduced in the livers and sera of the mice. Greatest activity was seen using ABPP, followed by ABMP and then by AIPP. ABPP in doses of 100–800 mg kg−1was markedly effective when administered p.o. in single treatments given as late as 24 hr after virus inoculation; a single dose, 400 mg kg−1, prevented death when given as late as 48 hr after virus exposure. In comparison of three once-daily, every-other-day, or every 2-day p.o. treatments, ABPP was most effective using the every-other-day regimen.
Published: 1990
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36. In vitroand in vivoantiviral (RNA) evaluation of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors and analogues including 6-azauridine-5′-(ethyl methoxyalaninyl)phosphate (a 5′-monophosphate prodrug)

Author: Gabrielsen, B., Kirsi, J. J., Kwong, C. D., Carter, D. A., Krauth, C. A., Hanna, L. K., Huggins, J. W., Monath, T. P., Kefauver, D. F., Blough, H. A., Rankin, J. T., Bartz, C. M., Huffman, J. H., Smee, D. F., Sidwell, R. W., Shannon, W. M., and Secrist, J. A.
Abstract: A series of 29 pyrimidines comprising analogues of 6-azauridine (e.g. 2- and 4-thio-6-azauridine), 6-substituted uridines (including several known inhibitors of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase, ODCase, e.g. pyrazofurin), and 6-azauridine-5′-(ethyl methoxyalaninyl) phosphate (a potential prodrug of 6-AU-5′-MP) were synthesized and evaluated in vitroand in vivoagainst five RNA viruses: Japanese encephalitis (JE), yellow fever (YF), sandfly fever (SF), Punta Tora (PT) and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses. 2-Thio-6-azauridine demonstrated the best In vitroactivity against all five viruses. However, in vivoactivity was not observed in JE-, PT- and VEE-infected mice. The phosphate prodrug of 6-azauridine was significantly more effective than the parent compound in the PT virus mouse model. Optimum in vivodose/route/schedule was determined for pyrazofurin in PT-virus-infected mice.
Published: 1994
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37. Equivalence is in the eye of the beholder

Author: Gurevich, Y. and Huggins, J. K.
Published: 1997
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38. Phospholamban is a good substrate for cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in vitro, but not in intact cardiac or smooth muscle

Author: Huggins, J P, Cook, E A, Piggott, J R, Mattinsley, T J, and England, P J
Abstract: 1. Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates purified phospholamban. It also phosphorylates phospholamban present in vesicles of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and smooth muscle microsomal fractions, and in transformants of Escherichia coli which contain a plasmid into which a gene encoding phospholamban has been inserted. 2. In vitro the phospholamban present in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes is a better substrate for cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase than for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. 3. Studies using [32P]Pi to label the cellular ATP in intact cardiac or smooth muscle failed to demonstrate that phosphorylation of phospholamban occurs in response to stimuli which increase intracellular cyclic GMP. Possible reasons for this functional separation between increased cyclic GMP and phosphorylation of phospholamban are discussed.
Published: 1989
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39. Theory of the temperature dependence of rotational tunnelling phenomena of coupled pairs of CH3 groups

Author: Huggins, J. G.
Abstract: A discussion of the need to go beyond the single-isolated-molecular group approximation for the temperature dependence of rotational tunnelling properties is given. As a simple model calculation the case of a coupled-pair of methyl groups is considered in the Hewson [8] approximation. Some recent experimental results on lithum acetate [1] are discussed in the framework of the model.
Published: 1985
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40. Effects of cytoskeletal perturbant drugs on ecto 5'-nucleotidase, a concanavalin A receptor.

Author: Carraway, K L, Doss, R C, Huggins, J W, Chesnut, R W, and Carraway, C A
Abstract: Differences in cell morphology, concanavalin A-induced receptor redistributions, and the cooperativity of the inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase (AMPase) by concanavalin A (Con A) have been investigated in ascites sublines of the 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells treated with microfilament- and microtubule-perturbing drugs. By scanning electron microscopy MAT-C1 cells exhibit a highly irregular surface, covered with microvilli extending as branched structures from the cell body. MAT-A, MAT-B, and MAT-B1 cells have a more normal appearance, with unbranched microvilli, ruffles, ridges, and blebs associated closely with the cell body. MAT-C cells have an intermediate morphology. Treatment of MAT-A, MAT-B, or MAT-B1 cells with Con A causes rapid redistribution of Con A receptors. Both cytochalasins and colchicine cause alternations in the receptor redistributions. Receptors on MAT-C1 cells are highly resistant to redistribution, even in the presence of cytoskeletal perturbant drugs. The cooperativity of the inhibition of AMPase by Con A was investigated in MAT-A and MAT-C1 cells. Untreated cells exhibit no cooperativity. If either subline is treated with colchicine, cytochalasin B or D, or dibucaine, cooperativity is observed. Lumicolchicine has no effect. Theophylline or dibutyryl cyclic AMP prevents the effects of either colchicine or cytochalasin. The concentration required for half-maximal induction of cooperativity is 0.3--0.4 microM for both colchicine and cytochalasin D, which is in the appropriate range for specific microtubule and microfilament disruptions. The effectiveness of the cytochalasins (E greater than D greater than B) is consistent with their known effects on microfilaments. No direct correlation was observed between the induction of cooperativity and drug-induced changes in Con A receptor redistribution or cell morphology. The morphology of MAT-A cells is grossly altered by cytochalasins or dibucaine and somewhat less by colchicine. MAT-C1 cells exhibit more minor alterations in morphology as a result of these drug treatments. The results of this study indicate that the inhibition of AMPase, which is a Con A receptor, is a different process from the redistribution of the bulk of the Con A receptors, possibly short range membrane interactions rather than global effects on the cell.
Published: 1979
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41. Ribavirin prophylaxis and therapy for experimental argentine hemorrhagic fever

Author: McKee, K T, Huggins, J W, Trahan, C J, and Mahlandt, B G
Abstract: Junin virus-infected rhesus macaques received prophylactic and therapeutic ribavirin to assess the potential of this drug for treating humans with Argentine hemorrhagic fever. When ribavirin was administered intramuscularly at the time of experimental infection with the lethal P3790 strain of Junin virus, all animals were protected from clinical disease. A delay in the initiation of therapy until after the onset of illness resulted in improvement and resolution of systemic signs of disease; however, survivors subsequently developed a late-onset central nervous system infection which was fatal in two of three animals. Side effects of ribavirin included thrombocytosis and severe anemia, both of which resolved promptly on withdrawal of drug therapy. Results of this study suggest that ribavirin may prove useful in treating humans with Argentine hemorrhagic fever.
Published: 1988
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42. Synergistic antiviral effects of ribavirin and the C-nucleoside analogs tiazofurin and selenazofurin against togaviruses, bunyaviruses, and arenaviruses

Author: Huggins, J W, Robins, R K, and Canonico, P G
Abstract: Binary combinations of the N-nucleoside ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) and the C-nucleoside analog selenazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide) or tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide) were tested in vitro for activity against Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, Korean hemorrhagic fever, and Pichinde viruses. The 50% effective dose for each compound alone or in a series of combinations was determined with a plaque reduction assay. Combinations of ribavirin and selenazofurin were synergistic against Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and Pichinde viruses, with fractional inhibitory concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.4, respectively, but showed additive effects against Korean hemorrhagic fever and Rift Valley fever viruses. Combinations of ribavirin and tiazofurin were synergistic against yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis (fractional inhibitory concentrations, 0.41 and 0.48, respectively) but showed additive effects against Korean hemorrhagic fever virus. Combinations of selenazofurin and tiazofurin had additive effects against Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and Korean hemorrhagic fever viruses. The effect of combinations on cell toxicity was additive, both in monolayers of nondividing cells incubated under agar for the same period as the plaque assay and for rapidly dividing cells given short-term exposure (4 h), followed by determination of the proportion of surviving cells with a colony forming assay.
Published: 1984
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43. Blue jay and fox squirrel damage preference among pecan trees

Author: Huggins, J. G.
Published: 1995
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44. Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of 2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide, a new antiviral agent

Author: Kirsi, J J, North, J A, McKernan, P A, Murray, B K, Canonico, P G, Huggins, J W, Srivastava, P C, and Robins, R K
Abstract: The relative in vitro antiviral activities of three related nucleoside carboxamides, ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide), and selenazole (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide), were studied against selected DNA and RNA viruses. Although the activity of selenazole against different viruses varied, it was significantly more potent than ribavirin and tiazofurin against all tested representatives of the families Paramyxoviridae (parainfluenza virus type 3, mumps virus, measles virus), Reoviridae (reovirus type 3), Poxviridae (vaccinia virus), Herpes-viridae (herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2), Togaviridae (Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus), Bunyaviridae (Rift Valley fever virus, sandfly fever virus [strain Sicilian], Korean hemorrhagic fever virus), Arenaviridae (Pichinde virus), Picornaviridae (coxsackieviruses B1 and B4, echovirus type 6, encephalomyocarditis virus), Adenoviridae (adenovirus type 2), and Rhabdoviridae (vesicular stomatitis virus). The antiviral activity of selenazole was also cell line dependent, being greatest in HeLa, Vero-76, and Vero E6 cells. Selenazole was relatively nontoxic for Vero, Vero-76, Vero E6, and HeLa cells at concentrations of up to 1,000 micrograms/ml. The relative plating efficiency at that concentration was over 90%. The effects of selenazole on viral replication were greatest when this agent was present at the time of viral infection. The removal of selenazole from the medium of infected cells did not reverse the antiviral effect against vaccinia virus, but there was a gradual resumption of viral replication in cells infected with parainfluenza type 3 or herpes simplex virus type 1 (strain KOS). However, the antiviral activity of ribavirin against the same viruses was reversible when the drug was removed.
Published: 1983
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45. The expression of canine cardiac phospholamban in heterologous systems

Author: Cook, E A, Huggins, J P, Sathe, G, England, P J, and Piggott, J R
Abstract: A synthetic phospholamban gene has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, producing both native phospholamban and a fusion protein with 81 amino acids of the influenza virus NS1 protein. Both the native phospholamban and fusion proteins produced extensive cell lysis upon induction of gene expression, but only the native protein underwent spontaneous pentamer formation in E. coli. Translation in vitro of mRNA produced by transcription in vitro of phospholamban cDNA was used to demonstrate the spontaneous aggregation of phospholamban to form pentamers in this system also, both in the presence and absence of exogenous microsomes from canine pancreas or heart. Phospholamban produced by translation in vitro was apparently susceptible to proteolysis by enzymes present in the particulate fractions in these experiments.
Published: 1989
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46. Protein phosphorylation in the regulation of cardiac contraction

Author: ENGLAND, P. J., primary, JEACOCKE, S. A., additional, HUGGINS, J. P., additional, MILLS, D., additional, and PASK, H. T., additional
Published: 1983
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47. α-Actinin-containing branched microvilli isolated from an ascites adenocarcinoma

Author: Carraway, K. L., Huggins, J. W., Cerra, R. F., Yeltman, D. R., and Carraway, C. A. Carothers
Abstract: Microvilli, slender projections approximately 0.1 µm in diameter which occur on the surfaces of many cell types1, are bounded by plasma membrane except at the site of attachment to the cell body and contain microfilament bundle cores. The presence of both microfilaments and plasma membrane suggests the use of microvilli for investigations of membrane cytoskeleton interactions. Immunofluorescence studies with anti-α-actinin2have suggested that α-actinin is concentrated at the tips of intestinal brush border microvilli and might link actin microfilaments and the plasma membrane3. However, this idea was disputed by later immunofluorescence4–7and electrophoresis7studies. To investigate the components and organization of microvilli from a less highly differentiated cell type, we have used an ascites sub-line (MAT-Cl) of a rat mammary tumour, the 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma, whose microvilli are highly branched8,9. Because such unusual structures may provide an understanding of cell-surface assemblies important in determining cell morphology, we have developed a procedure for isolating the branched microvilli and have shown that they contain significant quantities of α-actinin.
Published: 1980
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48. Life Stories.

Author: Huggins, J.
Abstract: An encyclopedia entry for the ways to tell the life stories of the Aboriginal people in Australia is presented. Life stories can be written as autobiography or biography and can be told in fiction. A life story is comprised of two strands, one of which is the story of hardship and work through a transition of adaptation and survival. Based on the entry, the authors of biographies can choose to write life stories in a narrative mode.
Published: 1994

49. Disambiguating pharmacological mechanisms from placebo in neuropathic pain using functional neuroimaging.

Author: Wanigasekera, V., Wartolowska, K., Huggins, J. P., Duff, E. P., Vennart, W., Whitlock, M., Massat, N., Pauer, L., Rogers, P., Hoggart, B., and Tracey, I.
Subjects: *BRAIN imaging, *PHARMACOLOGY, *PLACEBOS, *INJURY complications, *THERAPEUTIC use of narcotics, *ANALGESICS, *HYPERALGESIA, *TRAMADOL, *NONOPIOID analgesics, *COMPARATIVE studies, *CROSSOVER trials, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *RESEARCH methodology, *MEDICAL cooperation, *NERVOUS system, *NEURALGIA, *NEUROLOGIC examination, *RESEARCH, *EVALUATION research, *PAIN measurement, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *BLIND experiment, *PREVENTION, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract: Background: A lack of objective outcome measures and overreliance on subjective pain reports in early proof-of-concept studies contribute to the high attrition of potentially effective new analgesics. We studied the utility of neuroimaging in providing objective evidence of neural activity related to drug modulation or a placebo effect in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover trial.Methods: We chronically administered pregabalin or tramadol (first-line and second-line analgesics, respectively), recommended for neuropathic pain, in 16 post-traumatic neuropathic pain patients. We measured subjective pain reports, allodynia-evoked neural activity, and brain resting state functional connectivity from patients during the three sessions and resting state data at baseline from patients after washout of their current medication. All data were collected using a 3 T MRI scanner.Results: When compared with placebo only, pregabalin significantly suppressed allodynia-evoked neural activity in several nociceptive and pain-processing areas of the brain, despite the absence of behavioural analgesia. Furthermore, placebo significantly increased functional connectivity between the rostral anterior cingulate and the brainstem, a core component of the placebo neural network.Conclusions: Functional neuroimaging provided objective evidence of pharmacodynamic efficacy in a proof-of-concept study setting where subjective pain outcome measures are often unreliable. Additionally, we provide evidence confirming the neural mechanism underpinning placebo analgesia as identified in acute experimental imaging studies in patients during the placebo arm of a clinical trial. We explore how brain penetrant active drugs potentially interact with this mechanism.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT0061015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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50. Pathology and Epidemiology of Phocid Herpesvirus-1 in Wild and Rehabilitating Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) in the Northeastern Pacific

Author: Himworth, C. G., Haulena, M., Lambourn, D. M., Gaydos, J. K., Huggins, J., Calambokidis, J., Ford, J. K. B., Zaremba, K., and Raverty, S.
Published: 2010
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