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1. Automated Fact-Checking of Climate Change Claims with Large Language Models

Author

Leippold, Markus, Vaghefi, Saeid Ashraf, Stammbach, Dominik, Muccione, Veruska, Bingler, Julia, Ni, Jingwei, Colesanti-Senni, Chiara, Wekhof, Tobias, Schimanski, Tobias, Gostlow, Glen, Yu, Tingyu, Luterbacher, Juerg, and Huggel, Christian

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

This paper presents Climinator, a novel AI-based tool designed to automate the fact-checking of climate change claims. Utilizing an array of Large Language Models (LLMs) informed by authoritative sources like the IPCC reports and peer-reviewed scientific literature, Climinator employs an innovative Mediator-Advocate framework. This design allows Climinator to effectively synthesize varying scientific perspectives, leading to robust, evidence-based evaluations. Our model demonstrates remarkable accuracy when testing claims collected from Climate Feedback and Skeptical Science. Notably, when integrating an advocate with a climate science denial perspective in our framework, Climinator's iterative debate process reliably converges towards scientific consensus, underscoring its adeptness at reconciling diverse viewpoints into science-based, factual conclusions. While our research is subject to certain limitations and necessitates careful interpretation, our approach holds significant potential. We hope to stimulate further research and encourage exploring its applicability in other contexts, including political fact-checking and legal domains.

Published
2024

3. Causes and Triggers

Author

Kaitna, Roland, Palucis, Marisa C., Marra, Francesco, Huggel, Christian, Wang, Fawu, Series Editor, Vilimek, Vit, Series Editor, Jakob, Matthias, editor, McDougall, Scott, editor, and Santi, Paul, editor

Published
2024
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5. List of contributors

Author

Abdullah, Omar Yassen, primary, Abear, Samantha, additional, Adler, Carolina, additional, Alfthan, Björn, additional, Balsiger, Jörg, additional, Barragan, Fernando, additional, Beck, Albrecht, additional, Bell, Rainer, additional, Blöthe, Jan Henrik, additional, Breu, Thomas, additional, Brugger, Hermann, additional, Callegari, Mattia, additional, Capps, Denny, additional, Cárdenas, Maria-Rosa, additional, Castelli, Mariapina, additional, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, additional, Cuozzo, Giovanni, additional, Daniel, Essey, additional, De Gregorio, Ludovica, additional, Delves, Jess L., additional, Dosdogru, Furkan, additional, Fanchiotti, Margherita, additional, Fellendorf, Ansgar, additional, Fontanella Pisa, Paola, additional, Fouinat, Laurent, additional, Fuchs, Sven, additional, Fysh, Adam, additional, Girón De León, Haniel, additional, Goss-Durant, Grace, additional, Greifeneder, Felix, additional, Grêt-Regamey, Adrienne, additional, Grussu, Giorgio, additional, Guigoz, Yaniss, additional, Heinimann, Andreas, additional, Heunis, Christo, additional, Hilpold, Andreas, additional, Hoffman, Maarten, additional, Huggel, Christian, additional, Jacob, Alexander, additional, Jurek, Matthias Georg, additional, Keiler, Margreth, additional, Klein, Julia A., additional, Köck, Günter, additional, Körner, Christian, additional, Luthe, Tobias, additional, Mackey, Alexandra, additional, Maeder, Monika Brodmann, additional, Maletjane, Motsomi, additional, Manandhar, Rojina, additional, Manuelli, Sara, additional, Marin, Carlo, additional, Mathez-Stiefel, Sarah-Lan, additional, McCallum, Sabine, additional, Membretti, Andrea, additional, Mitrofanenko, Alexander, additional, Mitrofanenko, Tamara, additional, Molden, David J., additional, Mumba, Musonda, additional, Musco, Eleonora, additional, Ncube, Alice, additional, Nehren, Udo, additional, Nolin, Anne, additional, Notarnicola, Claudia, additional, Orr, Barron Joseph, additional, Parisi, Fabio, additional, Pedoth, Lydia, additional, Pittore, Massimiliano, additional, Polo Gómez, María José, additional, Price, Martin F., additional, Rai, Shivani, additional, Refisch, Johannes, additional, Reid, Robin, additional, Rhyner, Jakob, additional, Roane, Timberley, additional, Robles, Sofia Panchi, additional, Romeo, Rosalaura, additional, Rossi, Mattia, additional, Russo, Laura, additional, Saalismaa, Nina, additional, Salukvadze, Joseph, additional, Santivañez, Marioldy Sanchez, additional, Sapkota, Niroj, additional, Schaaf, Thomas, additional, Schneiderbauer, Stefan, additional, Schoolmester, Tina, additional, Schrott, Lothar, additional, Sebesvari, Zita, additional, Seen, Sjaak, additional, Shatberashvili, Nina, additional, Shroder, John F., additional, Simonett, Otto, additional, Sonnenschein, Ruth, additional, Staudinger, Michael, additional, Steger, Cara, additional, Steger, Stefan, additional, Szarzynski, Joerg, additional, Thibault, Marlène, additional, Thorn, Jessica, additional, Thornton, James M., additional, Tucker, Catherine, additional, Urbach, Davnah, additional, Vance, Gabrielle, additional, Vasily, Laurie Ann, additional, von Dach, Susanne Wymann, additional, Weingartner, Rolf, additional, Wong, Ingrid, additional, Wyss, Romano, additional, Zebisch, Marc, additional, and Zimmermann, Anne B., additional

Published
2024
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9. ChatClimate: Grounding conversational AI in climate science

Author

Vaghefi, Saeid Ashraf, Stammbach, Dominik, Muccione, Veruska, Bingler, Julia, Ni, Jingwei, Kraus, Mathias, Allen, Simon, Colesanti-Senni, Chiara, Wekhof, Tobias, Schimanski, Tobias, Gostlow, Glen, Yu, Tingyu, Wang, Qian, Webersinke, Nicolas, Huggel, Christian, and Leippold, Markus

Published
2023
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13. Closing the Adaptation Gap in Mountains

Author

the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative, McDowell, Graham, Stevens, Madison, Lesnikowski, Alexandra, Huggel, Christian, Harden, Alexandra, DiBella, Jose, Morecroft, Michael, Kumar, Praveen, Joe, Elphin Tom, and Bhatt, Indra D.

Published
2021

29. Science for Loss and Damage. Findings and Propositions

Author

Mechler, Reinhard, Calliari, Elisa, Bouwer, Laurens M., Schinko, Thomas, Surminski, Swenja, Linnerooth-Bayer, JoAnne, Aerts, Jeroen, Botzen, Wouter, Boyd, Emily, Deckard, Natalie Delia, Fuglestvedt, Jan S., González-Eguino, Mikel, Haasnoot, Marjolijn, Handmer, John, Haque, Masroora, Heslin, Alison, Hochrainer-Stigler, Stefan, Huggel, Christian, Huq, Saleemul, James, Rachel, Jones, Richard G., Juhola, Sirkku, Keating, Adriana, Kienberger, Stefan, Kreft, Sönke, Kuik, Onno, Landauer, Mia, Laurien, Finn, Lawrence, Judy, Lopez, Ana, Liu, Wei, Magnuszewski, Piotr, Markandya, Anil, Mayer, Benoit, McCallum, Ian, McQuistan, Colin, Meyer, Lukas, Mintz-Woo, Kian, Montero-Colbert, Arianna, Mysiak, Jaroslav, Nalau, Johanna, Noy, Ilan, Oakes, Robert, Otto, Friederike E. L., Pervin, Mousumi, Roberts, Erin, Schäfer, Laura, Scussolini, Paolo, Serdeczny, Olivia, de Sherbinin, Alex, Simlinger, Florentina, Sitati, Asha, Sultana, Saibeen, Young, Hannah R., van der Geest, Kees, van den Homberg, Marc, Wallimann-Helmer, Ivo, Warner, Koko, Zommers, Zinta, Mechler, Reinhard, Series Editor, Surminski, Swenja, Series Editor, Bouwer, Laurens M., editor, Schinko, Thomas, editor, and Linnerooth-Bayer, JoAnne, editor

Published
2019
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33. Reconciling justice and attribution research to advance climate policy

Author

Huggel, Christian, Wallimann-Helmer, Ivo, Stone, Dáithí, and Cramer, Wolfgang

Subjects
Climate Action, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Environmental Science and Management
Abstract

The Paris Climate Agreement is an important step for international climate policy, but the compensation for negative effects of climate change based on clear assignment of responsibilities remains highly debated. From both a policy and a science perspective, it is unclear how responsibilities should be defined and on what evidence base. We explore different normative principles of justice relevant to climate change impacts, and ask how different forms of causal evidence of impacts drawn from detection and attribution research could inform policy approaches in accordance with justice considerations. We reveal a procedural injustice based on the imbalance of observations and knowledge of impacts between developed and developing countries. This type of injustice needs to be considered in policy negotiations and decisions, and efforts strengthened to reduce it.

Published
2016

34. Linking local impacts to changes in climate: a guide to attribution

Author

Hansen, Gerrit, Stone, Dáithí, Auffhammer, Maximilian, Huggel, Christian, and Cramer, Wolfgang

Subjects
Climate Action, Observed impacts of climate change, Impact detection, Attribution, Human and managed systems, Multiple drivers, Ecology
Abstract

Assessing past impacts of observed climate change on natural, human and managed systems requires detailed knowledge about the effects of both climatic and other drivers of change, and their respective interaction. Resulting requirements with regard to system understanding and long-term observational data can be prohibitive for quantitative detection and attribution methods, especially in the case of human systems and in regions with poor monitoring records. To enable a structured examination of past impacts in such cases, we follow the logic of quantitative attribution assessments, however, allowing for qualitative methods and different types of evidence. We demonstrate how multiple lines of evidence can be integrated in support of attribution exercises for human and managed systems. Results show that careful analysis can allow for attribution statements without explicit end-to-end modeling of the whole climate-impact system. However, care must be taken not to overstate or generalize the results and to avoid bias when the analysis is motivated by and limited to observations considered consistent with climate change impacts.

Published
2016

35. Photogrammetrically UAV based terrain data generation and automatic extraction of torrential properties

Author

Schmucki Gregor Rafael, Bartelt Perry, Bühler Yves, Caviezel Andrin, Graf Christoph, Marty Mauro, Stoffel Andreas, and Huggel Christian

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Debris flows are a severe hazard in mountainous regions. However, cost-effective long-term studies of debris flows are seldom, which leads to substantial uncertainties in hazard mitigation methods. This paper investigates whether cost-effective remote sensing techniques can be applied to assess the hazards of mountain torrents and to gather accurate long-term information on the development of the watershed. Torrents that are prone to debris flows are often devoid of vegetation and can thus be well surveyed using photogrammetric methods based on uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys. The possibility of extracting automatically torrent parameters from high-resolution terrain models, such as cross-sectional area or slope, is explored. The presented methodology yields continuous and automatically derived parameters along the torrent, which is a major advantage over pointwise field surveys. Cross-validation with field measurements reveals a strong agreement. These parameters are very accurate along highly incised sections, while they are severely limited along sections with steep adjacent hillslopes and/or dense vegetation. We show that these kinds of assessments greatly gain from UAV data followed by automatic parameter extraction. The extracted parameters provide insights so that key sections and weak points can be identified and accurately assessed in the field. We find that UAV data can contribute to a comprehensive, reproducible and objective assessment of torrent processes and predispositions. However, ground-based fieldwork is still essential and further research on remote sensing-based hazard assessment of torrents prone to debris flows is crucial.

Published
2023
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40. Contributors

Author

Allison, Ian, primary, Alzate, Bernardo Pulgarín, additional, Amann, Florian, additional, Arenson (U.), Lukas, additional, Bartelt, Perry, additional, Bebiolka, Anke, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bolch, Tobias, additional, Brandefelt, Jenny, additional, Bründl, Michael, additional, Cáceres Correa, Bolívar E., additional, Callaghan, Terry V., additional, Carey, Mark, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Clague, John J., additional, Cohen, Denis, additional, Colgan, William, additional, Cook, Simon, additional, Craw Burns, Patty A., additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Delaney, Keith B., additional, Deline, Philip, additional, Espizua, Lydia, additional, Evans, Stephen G., additional, Ewen, Tracy, additional, Failletaz, Jérôme, additional, Fischer, Luzia, additional, Fischer, Urs H., additional, Fowler, Captain David, additional, Gärtner-Roer, Isabelle, additional, Geertsema, Marten, additional, Giardino, Marco, additional, Gilbert, Adrien, additional, Granados, Hugo Delgado, additional, Gruber, Stephan, additional, Haeberli, Wilfried, additional, Harper, Joel, additional, Harrison, Will D., additional, Hasler, Andreas, additional, Heckmann, Tobias, additional, Hirschorn, Sarah, additional, Huggel, Christian, additional, Huss, Matthias, additional, Jenicek, Michal, additional, Jensen, Mark, additional, Johansson, Margareta, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kennell, Laura, additional, King, Matt, additional, Kirkbride, Martin, additional, Korup, Oliver, additional, Krautblatter, Michael, additional, Kubat, Ivana, additional, Lai, Alexandre W., additional, Liakka, Johan, additional, Magnin, Florence, additional, Margreth, Stefan, additional, Marshall, Becca, additional, Marshall, Hans Peter, additional, McColl, Samuel, additional, McDowell, Graham, additional, Miranda, Patricia Julio, additional, Moore, Jeffrey, additional, Mothes, Patricia, additional, Moulton, Holly, additional, Näslund, Jens-Ove, additional, Normani, Stefano, additional, Nosenko, Gennady A., additional, Núñez, Gerardo Carrasco, additional, O’Connor, Jim E., additional, Ohmura, Atsumu, additional, Osipova, Galina B., additional, Paul, Frank, additional, Portocarrero, César, additional, Provant, Zachary, additional, Ramos, Jorge Cortés, additional, Rana, Nahyan M., additional, Ravanel, Ludovic, additional, Reynolds, John M., additional, Roa, Hugo Moreno, additional, Sayed, Mohamed, additional, Schoeneich, Philippe, additional, Schweizer, Jürg, additional, Seibert, Jan, additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry, additional, Stück, Heidrun, additional, Swift, Darrel A., additional, Truffer, Martin, additional, van Herwijnen, Alec, additional, Vicuña, Luis, additional, Vieli, Andreas, additional, Viviroli, Daniel, additional, Weber, Samuel, additional, Weitkamp, Axel, additional, and Whiteman, Colin, additional

Published
2021
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41. Glacier surges

Author

Truffer, Martin, primary, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Harrison, Will D., additional, Osipova, Galina B., additional, Nosenko, Gennady A., additional, Espizua, Lydia, additional, Gilbert, Adrien, additional, Fischer, Luzia, additional, Huggel, Christian, additional, Craw Burns, Patty A., additional, and Lai, Alexandre W., additional

Published
2021
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