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3. Stone Building in the Alps: Müstair Monastery in its Landscape Context

Author

Hueglin Sophie and Cassitti, Patrick

Subjects
Monastery, Charlemagne, Alps, stone building, construction technology, mortar mixer
Abstract

Founded in AD 775, the monastery of St John in Müstair represents a major construction project of the Carolingian period. It was commissioned by the Bishop of Chur, possibly under orders from Emperor Charlemagne himself. The size of the monastery stands in contrast with the multitude of small early medieval proprietary churches in the Adige Valley. To understand the context and impact of such a building project on the immediate and wider landscape climate conditions, vegetation cover, natural resources, historic settlement patterns and traditional lines of communication have to be considered in a long-term perspective. Their potential influence on building traditions with respect to the choice of construction materials and methods will be evaluated. In terms of the spatial dimension, the monastic complex serves as a case study for the review of early medieval monumental stone architecture as a political instrument. Finally, the size, situation, and purpose of the monastic convent will be situated not only in its regional but also in its inner Alpine and wider European landscape context.

Published
2021
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6. Tracing technological transformation – mechanical mortar production in early medieval Europe and at Müstair Monastery, Switzerland.

Author

Hueglin, Sophie, Caroselli, Marta, and Cassitti, Patrick

Subjects
*CONSTRUCTION materials, *HISTORY of technology, *MATERIALS science, *MONASTERIES, *BUILDING design & construction, *MORTAR
Abstract

Archaeological and historical research combined with material science help to understand the development of building material and construction technology of the Middle Ages. The natural sciences, especially mortar characterisation and scientific dating have allowed new insights into mechanical mortar mixing which has been introduced and used mainly in the early medieval period between AD 500 and 1000. This paper combines the results of the pan-European archaeological research project RESTOMO with that of the interdisciplinary SNF-project "Mortar technology and construction history" at the UNESCO-world heritage site of Müstair monastery. Müstair so far is the only site with six mortar mixers from two periods. The comparison of the mortar samples from the mixers with samples from the building remains has proven to be challenging and partly contradicts the previous correlation of mortar mixers with archaeologically established building phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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7. Absolute Dating of Mortars – Integrating chemical and physical techniques to characterize and select the mortar samples

Author

Hayen, Roald, Van Strydonck, Mark, Boaretto, Elisabetta, Lindroos, Alf, Heinemeier, Jan, Ringbom, Asa, Hueglin, Sophie, Michalska, Danuta, Hajdas, Irka, Marzaoili, Fabio, Maspero, Francesco, Galli, Anna, Artioli, Gilberto, Moreau, Christophe, Guibert, Pierre, Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Université de Padoue, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), University of Thessaloniki, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Weizmann Institute of Science, Université de Nantes - UFR Sciences et Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Universita degli Studi di Padova

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archeologie, mortier datation, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Absolute dating of mortars is crucial when trying to pin down construction phases of archaeological sites and historic stone buildings to a certain point in time or to confirm, but possibly also challenge existing chronologies. It should become a standard tool for archaeometric research as it contributes considerably to the historical, artistic, social, cultural and touristic valorisation of our built heritage. To compare on the one hand the different methods – radiocarbon and OSL – as well as to evaluate the best method of how to prepare samples for radiocarbon dating, an intercomparison study amongst various laboratories was set up. The results of radiocarbon dating of mortars depend very much on the accuracy with which minute differences in crystal structure between the various sources of anthropogenic and geogenic carbonates can be discriminated. As a detailed characterisation of the samples prior to the actual dating was necessary, the laboratories cooperated and employed a range of methods.

Published
2016

8. Analysis and characterisation of historic mortars for absolute dating

Author

Hayen, Roald, Strydonck, Mark, Boaretto, Elisabetta, Lindroos, Alf, Heinemeier, Jan, Ringbom, Åsa, Hueglin, Sophie, Michalska, Danuta, Hajdas, Irka, Marzaoili, Fabio, Maspero, Francesco, Galli, Anna, Artioli, Gilberto, Moreau, Christophe, Guibert, Pierre, Caroselli, Marta, Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique, Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology (WPWC), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Dipartimento di Fisica [Politecnico Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Humaines (Lares-Las), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ioanna Papayianni, Maria Stefanidou, Vasiliki Pachta, Université de Padoue, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël]-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)

Subjects
OSL-dating, lime mortar, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, radiocarbon, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], characterization, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Absolute dating of mortars is crucial when trying to pin down construction phases of archaeological sites and historic stone buildings to a certain point in time or to confirm, but possibly also challenge existing chronologies. It should become a standard tool for archaeometric research as it contributes considerably to the historical, artistic, social, cultural and touristic valorisation of our built heritage. To compare on the one hand the different methods-radiocarbon and OSL-as well as to evaluate the best method of how to prepare samples for radiocarbon dating, an intercomparison study amongst various laboratories was set up. The results of radiocarbon dating of mortars depend very much on the accuracy with which minute differences in crystal structure between the various sources of anthropogenic and geogenic carbonates can be discriminated. As a detailed

Published
2016

10. Mortar Dating Methodology: Assessing Recurrent Issues and Needs for Further Research

Author

Hayen, Roald, primary, Van Strydonck, Mark, additional, Fontaine, Laurent, additional, Boudin, Mathieu, additional, Lindroos, Alf, additional, Heinemeier, Jan, additional, Ringbom, Åsa, additional, Michalska, Danuta, additional, Hajdas, Irka, additional, Hueglin, Sophie, additional, Marzaioli, Fabio, additional, Terrasi, Filippo, additional, Passariello, Isabella, additional, Capano, Manuela, additional, Maspero, Francesco, additional, Panzeri, Laura, additional, Galli, Anna, additional, Artioli, Gilberto, additional, Addis, Anna, additional, Secco, Michele, additional, Boaretto, Elisabetta, additional, Moreau, Christophe, additional, Guibert, Pierre, additional, Urbanova, Petra, additional, Czernik, Justyna, additional, Goslar, Tomasz, additional, and Caroselli, Marta, additional

Published
2017
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12. Reviews

Author

Deacon, Janette, primary, Barrowclough, David, additional, Liu, Xinyi, additional, Sapwell, Mark, additional, Borić, Dušan, additional, Worthington, Martin, additional, Mytum, Harold, additional, Roy, James, additional, Perring, Domonic, additional, Christie, Neil, additional, James, N., additional, Merrills, Andrew, additional, Simpson, John, additional, Fallgren, Jan-Henrik, additional, Hinton, David A., additional, Everson, Paul, additional, Draper, Simon, additional, Sherlock, Rory, additional, Silvester, Bob, additional, Hueglin, Sophie, additional, Curtis, Daniel R., additional, Morris, Richard, additional, Taylor, Christopher, additional, Oosthuizen, Susan, additional, Winchester, Angus, additional, Turner, Charles, additional, Mowl, Timothy, additional, Warde, Paul, additional, Simms, Barbara, additional, Spence, Kate, additional, Baxter, Ian, additional, and Hooke, Della, additional

Published
2014
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13. Early Medieval Monasticism in the North Sea Zone: A Conference Examining New Research and Fresh Perspectives.

Author

Hueglin, Sophie

Subjects
*MONASTICISM & religious orders, *ANGLO-Saxon architecture, *CONFERENCES & conventions, ANGLO-Saxon Period, Great Britain, 449-1066, BRITISH history, BRITISH church history, 449-1066
Abstract

Information regarding the April 24-26, 2015 conference entitled "Early Medieval Monasticism in the North Sea Zone: A Conference Examining New Research and Fresh Perspectives" is presented. Topics include the archaeological excavations at Lyminge near Canterbury, England, the architecture of Anglo-Saxon great halls, and monasticism in Anglo-Saxon England. Presenters include historians John Blair, Ian Wood, and Barbara Yorke.

Published
2015

30. Mortar Dating Methodology: Assessing Recurrent Issues and Needs for Further Research

Author

Mark Van Strydonck, Laura Panzeri, Petra Urbanová, Christophe Moreau, Anna Galli, Marta Caroselli, Sophie Hueglin, Tomasz Goslar, Justyna Czernik, F. Maspero, Pierre Guibert, Danuta Michalska, Isabella Passariello, Laurent Fontaine, Manuela Capano, Åsa Ringbom, Fabio Marzaioli, Alf Lindroos, Mathieu Boudin, Anna Addis, Roald Hayen, Irka Hajdas, Elisabetta Boaretto, Gilberto Artioli, Jan Heinemeier, Michele Secco, Filippo Terrasi, Hayen, Roald, Van Strydonck, Mark, Fontaine, Laurent, Boudin, Mathieu, Lindroos, Alf, Heinemeier, Jan, Ringbom, Ã sa, Michalska, Danuta, Hajdas, Irka, Hueglin, Sophie, Marzaioli, Fabio, Terrasi, Filippo, Passariello, Isabella, Capano, Manuela, Maspero, Francesco, Panzeri, Laura, Galli, Anna, Artioli, Gilberto, Addis, Anna, Secco, Michele, Boaretto, Elisabetta, Moreau, Christophe, Guibert, Pierre, Urbanova, Petra, Czernik, Justyna, Goslar, Tomasz, Caroselli, Marta, Unité de chimie organique moléculaire et macromoléculaire (UCO2M), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology (WPWC), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Weizmann Institute of Science, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Humaines (Lares-Las), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël]-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique | Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Seconda Università degli studi di Napoli, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Poznań Radiocarbon Laboratory | Poznańskie Laboratorium Radiowęglowe, Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana = University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland [Manno] (SUPSI), Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli = Second University of Naples, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hayen, R, Van Strydonck, M, Fontaine, L, Boudin, M, Lindroos, A, Heinemeier, J, Ringbom, Å, Michalska, D, Hajdas, I, Hueglin, S, Marzaioli, F, Terrasi, F, Passariello, I, Capano, M, Maspero, F, Panzeri, L, Galli, A, Artioli, G, Addis, A, Secco, M, Boaretto, E, Moreau, C, Guibert, P, Urbanova, P, Czernik, J, Goslar, T, and Caroselli, M

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Optically stimulated luminescence, 01 natural sciences, Civil engineering, law.invention, law, Absolute dating, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, CARBONATE, Radiocarbon dating, lime, OSL, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060102 archaeology, Archeology (arts and humanities), Dating methodologies in archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, AMS C-14, LIME MORTARS, radiocarbon AMS dating, mortar dating, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Mortar, Earth and Planetary Sciences (all)
Abstract

Absolute dating of mortars is crucial when trying to pin down construction phases of archaeological sites and historic stone buildings to a certain point in time or to confirm, but possibly also challenge, existing chronologies. To evaluate various sample preparation methods for radiocarbon (14C) dating of mortars as well as to compare different dating methods, i.e.14C and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), a mortar dating intercomparison study (MODIS) was set up, exploring existing limits and needs for further research. Four mortar samples were selected and distributed among the participating laboratories: one of which was expected not to present any problem related to the sample preparation methodologies for anthropogenic lime extraction, whereas all others addressed specific known sample preparation issues. Data obtained from the various mortar dating approaches are evaluated relative to the historical framework of the mortar samples and any deviation observed is contextualized to the composition and specific mineralogy of the sampled material.

Published
2017
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