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The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into building structures has become a focal point for researchers aiming to enhance thermal comfort and energy efficiency in buildings. This comprehensive article delves into the analysis of PCMs embedded in room walls, emphasizing their role in thermal regulation and the innovative application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in evaluating their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the airborne transmission risk of infectious diseases in a classroom setting, aiming to develop a comprehensive risk measurement model. The research employs a combination of computational fluid dynamics simulations, viral load measurements, and epidemiological data to analyze airflow patterns, ventilation efficiency, and viral dispersion in classrooms. Real-time monitoring of air quality, temperature, and humidity is integrated to establish a risk assessment framework. The findings reveal the significance of proper ventilation and strategic classroom layout in mitigating airborne disease transmission. This research offers practical insights for educational institutions to implement informed strategies to minimize airborne risks, ensuring a safer learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we investigate the thermal behavior of storage tanks subjected to varying environmental conditions. Through numerical simulations and experimental analysis, we assess heat transfer mechanisms, temperature distribution, and energy consumption patterns of both insulated and non-insulated tanks. Our study aims to optimize tank design and insulation materials to minimize heat losses, improve energy efficiency, and enhance the safety and longevity of storage tanks. Findings reveal that incorporating optimal insulation materials and techniques can significantly reduce energy consumption and maintain the desired temperature range within the tank, thus providing valuable insights for future storage tank design and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the heat transfer enhancement in a radiator using nanofluid. The study investigates the effect of varying the concentration of nanoparticles and the inlet velocity of the fluid on the heat transfer rate and pressure drop. The simulation results show that the use of nanofluids in radiators leads to a significant increase in heat transfer rate compared to traditional fluids. However, the pressure drop also increases with the concentration of nanoparticles, which can affect the overall efficiency of the radiator. The study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of nanofluid-based radiators using CFD simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the analysis of the building integrated photovoltaic panels (BIPV) realized for the same photovoltaic system, placed in different locations, for the continental climate of Romania. For all studied cases, the photovoltaic (PV) system is examined in various vertical configurations, considering the integration into buildings placed in urban agglomerations, characterized by small horizontal surfaces, but generous facades. For the analyzed situations it is assumed that the PV panels are fixed in vertical position. Therefore, one of the possibilities of raising their efficiency consists in controlling the operating temperature of the photovoltaic cells. The operating parameters of the photovoltaic panels are studied in case of integration at 10 m height above the ground and the results are reported on the unit surface. The model and the functioning parameters are processed using TRNSYS software. The results are analyzed for average daily, monthly and yearly values. The results reveal some major differences obtained for the same system placed in different locations or orientations. The average efficiencies for maximum production months are lower than annual ones, while the daily values for efficiency are lowest. These values are directly dependent on the intensity of solar radiation and are negatively influenced by the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel.

The paper presents a wind tunnel experimental investigation of a small-scale building model (1:30). The main objective of the study is to determine the influence of the reference wind direction over the ventilation inside the double skin façade (DSF) channel. The analyzed system consists of a building equipped with photovoltaic panels as the exterior glazing of DSF. The tests were achieved by conceiving and implementation of an experimental program using a wind tunnel with atmospheric boundary layer. The aim is to determine with acceptable probability the velocities that can be reached in the ventilated façade channel during the warm season and to establish a correlation between the external reference velocity magnitude and direction and the velocity field generated inside the channel of the façade. Measurements were carried out for the reference wind speed, total, dynamic and static pressure both in the reference point and inside the façade channel. The results of the investigation highlighted the correlation between the velocity and direction of the reference wind and the dynamics of the air movement inside the double skin façade. The measurements showed that for the analyzed configuration of the double skin façade, there is an optimal wind direction that ensures the best cooling effect to photovoltaic panels. Also, the convective heat transfer coefficients were determined under these conditions. The decrease of the photovoltaic panel’s temperature determines a raise of its efficiency and generated power.