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This study investigates in vitro growth of human urinary tract smooth muscle cells under static conditions and mechanical stimulation. The cells were cultured on collagen type I- and laminin-coated silicon membranes. Using a Flexcell device for mechanical stimulation, a cyclic strain of 0–20% was applied in a strain–stress–time model (stretch, 104 min relaxation, 15 s), imitating physiological bladder filling and voiding. Cell proliferation and α-actin, calponin, and caldesmon phenotype marker expression were analyzed. Nonstretched cells showed significant better growth on laminin during the first 8 days, thereafter becoming comparable to cells grown on collagen type I. Cyclic strain significantly reduced cell growth on both surfaces; however, better growth was observed on laminin. Neither the type of surface nor mechanical stimulation influenced the expression pattern of phenotype markers; α-actin was predominantly expressed. Coating with the extracellular matrix protein laminin improved in vitro growth of human urinary tract smooth muscle cells.

The formation of electrostrictive gratings in fluids is calculated by inclusion of viscosity and heat transfer. The reflectivity of the grating performs a damped oscillation with alternately higher and lower maxima. The normalized difference in height is determined by the thermal conductivity of the medium. Measurements have been performed for argon and nitrogen and are compared with the theory. Furthermore, the combined effect of electrostriction and radiative absorption is discussed.

Time-resolved measurements of the fluctuating intensity of a multimode frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser have been performed. For various operating conditions the enhancement factors in nonlinear optical processes that use a fluctuating instead of a single-mode laser have been determined up to the sixth order. In the case of reduced flash-lamp excitation and a switched-off laser amplifier, the intensity fluctuations agree with the normalized Gaussian model for the fluctuations of the fundamental frequency, whereas strong deviations are found under usual operating conditions. The frequency-doubled light has in the latter case enhancement factors not so far from values of Gaussian statistics.

Third-order difference-frequency generation of the type ω = 2ω_1 − ω_3 has been used to determine accurately the cubic nonlinearities of various crystals of the space group Fm3m. The samples were rotated under well-defined polarization conditions of the incoming fields of frequencies ω_1 and ω_3. Ratios of anisotropic to isotropic contributions have been derived, and an attempt has been made to obtain absolute nonlinear susceptibility data by comparison with BK7 glass.

Jan Setterquist, Ibsen and the Beginnings of Anglo-Irish Dramar I. John Millington Synge. Upsala Irish Studies, II. 1951.Bertil Sandahl, Middle English Sea Terms. I. The Ship's Hull. (Essays and Studies on English Language and Literature, edited by S. B. Liljegren, VIII.) Upsala, 1951. 235 pp. (Inaugural Dissertation.)J. Soderlind, Verb Syntax in John Dryden's Prose I. (Essays and Studies on English Language and Literature X.) Uppsala 1951. 261 pp.Secular Lyrics of the XIVth and XVth Centuries ed. by R. H. Robbins. Oxford U. P. 1952. LVIII + 331 pp. Price 18/-.A. H. Smith, Piers Plowman and the Pursuit of Poetry. H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. 1951. 24 pp. Price 3/6.Whitman and Rolleston. A Correspondence ed. by Horst Frenz. Indiana University Publications, Humanities Series No. 26. Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington 1951. 137 pp.AINA Rubenius, The Woman Question in Mrs. Gaskelis Life and Works. ("Essays and Studies on English Language and Literature,” V, Upsala, 195°-) 396 pp.Ernst Schwarz, Deutsche Namenforschung. II: Orts- und Flurnamen. Mit 13 Kartenskizzen. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Gottingen, 1950. 322 S.Zu einer Besprechung von Ch. Rostaing, Essai de toponymie de la Provence.Otto Funke, Englische Sprachkunde. Ein Uberblick ab 1935. A. Francke, Bern 1951. 163 pp.

Helmut Gneuss, Lehnbildungen und Lehnbedeutungen im Altenglischen. Berlin, Erich Schmidt Verlag, 1955. VIII + 184 pp. DM 18,60.R. W. Zandvoort, Collected Papers. A Selection of Notes and Articles Originally Published in English Studies and Other Journals. (Groningen Studies in English V. Editor: Prof. Dr. R. W. Zandvoort.) Groningen, Djakarta: J. B. Wolters. VIII + 186 pp., fl. 7,90.R. W. Zandvoort, A Handbook of English Grammar. London, New York, Toronto: Longmans, Green and Co. 351 pp. 21s.H. G. Wright, Boccaccio in England from Chaucer to Tennyson. University of London, The Athlone Press, 1957. 49s pp. 63s.John W. Draper, The Tempo-Patterns of Shakespeare's Plays. Anglistische Forschungen, Heft 90. Carl Winter Universitatsverlag, Heidelberg, 1957. 161 pp. DM 18:—.C. L. Barber, The Idea of Honour in the English Drama 1591-1700. Gothenburg Studies in English, VI. Goteborg 1957. 364 pp. Sw. Kr. 25.F. C. Roe, Sir Thomas Urquhart and Rabelais. The Taylorian Lecture. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1957. 23 pp. 2s. 6d.The Diary of Clara Crowninshield. A European Tour with Longfellow 1835-1836. Edited by Andrew Hilen. Seattle : University of Washington Press. 1956. xxxv+ 304 pp. $5.00.Nulo Peltola. The Compound Epithet and Its Use in American Poetry from Bradstreet through Whitman. Annales Academic Scientiarum Fennicæ, B 105, Helsinki, 1956, 299 pp. No price given.Floire et Blancheflor. Edition du MS. 1447 du fonds francais avec notes, variantes et glossaire, par MARGERET M. PELAN. Nouvelle edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee. (Publications de la Faculte des Lettres de l'Universite de Strasbourg.) Paris, Belles Lettres, 1956. xxx + 197 pp.Louis-Fernand Flutre, Recherches sur les elements pregaulois dans la toponymie de la Lozere; Paris 1957, "Les Belles Lettres”, 329 S. (Annales de l'Universite de Lyon, IIIe serie, vol. 30.)Diego CatalaN Menendez-Pidal, La escuela linguistica espanola y su conception del lenguaje. Madrid, Gredos, 1955, 170 pp. (Biblioteca romanica hispanica, II-22.)Karl Wydler, Zur Stellung des attributiven Adjektivs vom Latein bis zum Neufranzosischen. Romanica Helvetica 53, 1956. 277 pp.Eugenio Coseriu, Forma y sustancia en los sonidos del lenguaje. Montevideo, 1954. 79 pp.