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3. 2D THz spectroscopic investigation of ballistic conduction-band electron dynamics in InSb

Author

Houver, S., Huber, L., Savoini, M., Abreu, E., and Johnson, S. L.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Using reflective cross-polarized 2D THz time-domain spectroscopy in the range of 1-12 THz, we follow the trajectory of the out-of-equilibrium electron population in the low-bandgap semiconductor InSb. The 2D THz spectra show a set of distinct features at combinations of the plasma-edge and vibration frequencies. Using finite difference time domain simulations combined with a tight binding model of the band structure, we assign these features to electronic nonlinearities and show that the nonlinear response in the first picoseconds is dominated by coherent ballistic motion of the electrons. We demonstrate that this technique can be used to investigate the landscape of the band curvature near the Gamma-point as illustrated by the observation of anisotropy in the (100)-plane.

Published
2019
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10. Watching the birth of a charge density wave order: diffraction study on nanometer-and picosecond-scales

Author

Laulhé, C., Huber, T., Lantz, G., Ferrer, A., Mariager, S. O., Grübel, S., Rittmann, J., Johnson, J. A., Esposito, V., Lübcke, A., Huber, L., Kubli, M., Savoini, M., Jacques, V. L. R., Cario, L., Corraze, B., Janod, E., Ingold, G., Beaud, P., Johnson, S. L., and Ravy, S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction is used to study a photo-induced phase transition between two charge density wave (CDW) states in 1T-TaS$_2$, namely the nearly commensurate (NC) and the incommensurate (I) CDW states. Structural modulations associated with the NC-CDW order are found to disappear within 400 fs. The photo-induced I-CDW phase then develops through a nucleation/growth process which ends 100 ps after laser excitation. We demonstrate that the newly formed I-CDW phase is fragmented into several nanometric domains that are growing through a coarsening process. The coarsening dynamics is found to follow the universal Lifshitz-Allen-Cahn growth law, which describes the ordering kinetics in systems exhibiting a non-conservative order parameter., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2017
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13. Ultrafast energy and momentum resolved dynamics of magnetic correlations in photo-doped Mott insulator Sr$_2$IrO$_4$

Author

Dean, M. P. M., Cao, Yue, Liu, X., Wall, S., Zhu, D., Mankowsky, R., Thampy, V., Chen, X. M., Vale, J. G., Casa, D., Kim, Jungho, Said, A. H., Juhas, P., Alonso-Mori, R., Glownia, J. M., Robert, A., Robinson, J., Sikorski, M., Song, S., Kozina, M., Lemke, H., Patthey, L., Owada, S., Katayama, T., Yabashi, M., Tanaka, Yoshikazu, Togashi, T., Liu, Jian, Serrao, C. Rayan, Kim, B. J., Huber, L., Chang, C. -L., McMorrow, D. F., Forst, M., and Hill, J. P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Measuring how the magnetic correlations throughout the Brillouin zone evolve in a Mott insulator as charges are introduced dramatically improved our understanding of the pseudogap, non-Fermi liquids and high $T_C$ superconductivity. Recently, photoexcitation has been used to induce similarly exotic states transiently. However, understanding how these states emerge has been limited because of a lack of available probes of magnetic correlations in the time domain, which hinders further investigation of how light can be used to control the properties of solids. Here we implement magnetic resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at a free electron laser, and directly determine the magnetization dynamics after photo-doping the Mott insulator Sr$_2$IrO$_4$. We find that the non-equilibrium state 2~ps after the excitation has strongly suppressed long-range magnetic order, but hosts photo-carriers that induce strong, non-thermal magnetic correlations. The magnetism recovers its two-dimensional (2D) in-plane N\'eel correlations on a timescale of a few ps, while the three-dimensional (3D) long-range magnetic order restores over a far longer, fluence-dependent timescale of a few hundred ps. The dramatic difference in these two timescales, implies that characterizing the dimensionality of magnetic correlations will be vital in our efforts to understand ultrafast magnetic dynamics., Comment: 7 page, 4 figures; to appear in Nature Materials

Published
2016
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14. Ultrafast x-ray diffraction of a ferroelectric soft mode driven by broadband terahertz pulses

Author

Grübel, S., Johnson, J. A., Beaud, P., Dornes, C., Ferrer, A., Haborets, V., Huber, L., Huber, T., Kohutych, A., Kubacka, T., Kubli, M., Mariager, S. O., Rittmann, J., Saari, J. I., Vysochanskii, Y., Ingold, G., and Johnson, S. L.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Intense, few-cycle pulses in the terahertz frequency range have strong potential for schemes of control over vibrational modes in solid-state materials in the electronic ground-state. Here we report an experiment using single cycle terahertz pulses to directly excite lattice vibrations in the ferroelectric material $\mathrm{Sn_2P_2S_6}$ and ultrafast x-ray diffraction to quantify the resulting structural dynamics. A model of a damped harmonic oscillator driven by the transient electric field of the terahertz pulses describes well the movement of the Sn$^{2+}$ ion along the ferroelectric soft mode. Finally, we describe an anharmonic extension of this model which predicts coherent switching of domains at peak THz-frequency fields of 790 kV/cm., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary material 1 page

Published
2016

16. Tools for the implementation of integrated Water and Sanitation Safety Planning in small systems

Author

Berg, H. van den, Rickert, B., Huber, L., Lock-Wah-Hoon, J., Roda Husman, A,M. de, Berg, H. van den, Rickert, B., Huber, L., Lock-Wah-Hoon, J., and Roda Husman, A,M. de

Abstract

Wereldwijd halen veel kleine dorpen en gemeenschappen hun drinkwater uit verschillende waterbronnen. Het is niet zeker dat het drinkwater dan schoon is. Verder zijn hier sanitaire voorzieningen die vaak minder goed worden beheerd, waardoor ziekteverwekkers in drinkwaterbronnen of de omgeving kunnen terechtkomen. Dat kan ook in Nederland of Europa het geval zijn. Mensen kunnen ziek worden als zij bijvoorbeeld via drinkwater, of gewassen in contact komen met deze ziekteverwekkers Goed en veilig beheer is dan ook belangrijk om de kans via water ziek te worden zo klein mogelijk te maken. Daarom hebben het RIVM en de Duitse organisatie UBA in 2021 een werkwijze ontwikkeld die veilig beheer van kleinschalig drinkwater en sanitaire voorzieningen combineert. Deze werkwijze, integrated Water and Sanitation Safety Planning (iWSSP) geheten, brengt besmettingsroutes van drinkwater in kaart., Co-published by Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands) and Umweltbundesamt (UBA, German Environment Agency). Globally, many small villages and communities receive their drinking water from various water sources. It is not certain that the drinking water will be clean. Furthermore, sanitation facilities are often less well managed in this places, which may lead microbial contamination of the drinking water sources or the environment. These can also happen in Europe. People can become ill if they come into contact with these pathogens, for example through drinking water or contaminated crops. Safe management is important to minimize the risk of becoming ill via drinking water and sanitation. In 2021, the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, the Netherlands) and the German Environment Agency (UBA) developed an approach that integrates safe management of small-scale drinking water supply and sanitation services. This method, called integrated Water and Sanitation Safety Planning (iWSSP), identifies contamination routes of drinking water and sanitation. In this way, measures can be taken to prevent infections. This approach contributes to clean drinking water and safe sanitation. In this report, RIVM and UBA provide tools for people who are operating within small rural systems and seeking to implement iWSSP for the benefit of their communities. The combined method is particularly desirable when villages or communities have limited resources. The approach can be used worldwide. For iWSSP, the approaches developed separately by the World Health Organization (WHO) for both drinking water and sanitation systems have been merged. iWSSP consists of six steps to assess and manage potential risks of drinking water and sanitation. The six steps of iWSSP are briefly explained. Further, the report provides practical tips and ready-to-use documents to support implementing

Published
2024

17. Tools for the implementation of integrated water and sanitation safety planning in small systems

Author

Van den Berg, H, Rickert, B, Huber, L, Lock-Wah-hoon, J, de Roda Husman, AM, Van den Berg, H, Rickert, B, Huber, L, Lock-Wah-hoon, J, and de Roda Husman, AM

Abstract

RIVM rapport:Wereldwijd halen veel kleine dorpen en gemeenschappen hun drinkwater uit verschillende waterbronnen. Het is niet zeker dat het drinkwater dan schoon is. Verder zijn hier sanitaire voorzieningen die vaak minder goed worden beheerd, waardoor ziekteverwekkers in drinkwaterbronnen of de omgeving kunnen terechtkomen. Dat kan ook in Nederland of Europa het geval zijn. Mensen kunnen ziek worden als zij bijvoorbeeld via drinkwater, of gewassen in contact komen met deze ziekteverwekkers Goed en veilig beheer is dan ook belangrijk om de kans via water ziek te worden zo klein mogelijk te maken. Daarom hebben het RIVM en de Duitse organisatie UBA in 2021 een werkwijze ontwikkeld die veilig beheer van kleinschalig drinkwater en sanitaire voorzieningen combineert. Deze werkwijze, integrated Water and Sanitation Safety Planning (iWSSP) geheten, brengt besmettingsroutes van drinkwater in kaart. Zo kunnen maatregelen worden genomen om besmettingen te voorkomen. Deze aanpak draagt bij aan zowel schoon drinkwater als veilige sanitaire voorzieningen. In dit rapport geven het RIVM en UBA handvatten voor mensen die werken met kleine systemen en de werkwijze voor hun gemeenschap willen invoeren. De gecombineerde werkwijze is vooral gewenst wanneer dorpen of gemeenschappen weinig geld of kennis hebben. De aanpak kan wereldwijd worden gebruikt. Voor de iWSSP zijn de aanpakken samengevoegd die de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (WHO) voor beide systemen apart heeft ontwikkeld. iWSSP bestaat uit zes stappen om de mogelijke risico's van drinkwater en sanitaire voorzieningen te herkennen en te beperken. De zes stappen van iWSSP worden kort uitgelegd. Verder geeft het rapport ondersteunen praktische tips en kant-en-klare documenten de invoering van de aanpak in kleine drinkwater- en sanitaire systemen. Alle zes stappen moeten worden doorlopen om iWSSP in kleine systemen in te voeren., Globally, many small villages and communities receive their drinking water from various water sources. It is not certain that the drinking water will be clean. Furthermore, sanitation facilities are often less well managed in these places, which may lead to microbial contamination of the drinking water sources or the environment. This can also happen in Europe. People can become ill if they come into contact with these pathogens, for example through drinking water or contaminated crops. Safe management is important to minimise the risk of becoming ill via drinking water and sanitation. In 2021, the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, the Netherlands) and the German Environment Agency (UBA) developed an approach that integrates safe management of small-scale drinking water supply and sanitation services. This method, called integrated Water and Sanitation Safety Planning (iWSSP), identifies contamination routes of drinking water and sanitation. In this way, measures can be taken to prevent infections. This approach contributes to clean drinking water and safe sanitation. In this report, RIVM and UBA provide tools for people who are operating within small rural systems and seeking to implement iWSSP for the benefit of their communities. The combined method is particularly desirable when villages or communities have limited resources. The approach can be used worldwide. For iWSSP, the approaches developed separately by the World Health Organization (WHO) for both drinking water and sanitation systems have been merged. iWSSP consists of six steps to assess and manage potential risks of drinking water and sanitation. The six steps of iWSSP are briefly explained. Further, the report provides practical tips and ready-to-use documents to support implementing the approach in small drinking water and sanitation systems. All six steps must be completed to implement iWSSP fully in small systems.

Published
2024

18. Comparative Cognition Needs Big Team Science : How Large-Scale Collaborations Will Unlock the Future of the Field

Author

Alessandroni, N., Altschul, D., Bazhydai, M., Byers-Heinlein, K., Elsherif, M., Gjoneska, B., Huber, L., Mazza, V., Miller, R., Nawroth, C., Pronizius, E., Qadri, M.A.J., Slipogor, V., Söderström, M., Stevens, J.R., Visser, I., Williams, M., Zettersten, M., Prétôt, L., Alessandroni, N., Altschul, D., Bazhydai, M., Byers-Heinlein, K., Elsherif, M., Gjoneska, B., Huber, L., Mazza, V., Miller, R., Nawroth, C., Pronizius, E., Qadri, M.A.J., Slipogor, V., Söderström, M., Stevens, J.R., Visser, I., Williams, M., Zettersten, M., and Prétôt, L.

Abstract

Comparative cognition research has been largely constrained to isolated facilities, small teams, and a limited number of species. This has led to challenges such as conflicting conceptual definitions and underpowered designs. Here, we explore how Big Team Science (BTS) may remedy these issues. Specifically, we identify and describe four key BTS advantages — increasing sample size and diversity, enhancing task design, advancing theories, and improving welfare and conservation efforts. We conclude that BTS represents a transformative shift capable of advancing research in the field.

Published
2024

19. Ultrafast Laser-Induced Melting of Long-Range Magnetic Order in Multiferroic TbMnO3

Author

Johnson, Jeremy A., Kubacka, T., Hoffmann, M. C., Vicario, C., de Jong, S., Beaud, P., Gruebel, S., Huang, S. -W., Huber, L., Windsor, Y. W., Bothschafter, E. M., Rettig, L., Ramakrishnan, M., Alberca, A., Patthey, L., Chuang, Y. -D., Turner, J. J., Dakovski, G. L., Lee, W. -S., Minitti, M. P., Schlotter, W., Moore, R. G., Hauri, C. P., Koohpayeh, S. M., Scagnoli, V., Ingold, G., Johnson, S. L., and Staub, U.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We performed ultrafast time-resolved near-infrared pump, resonant soft X-ray diffraction probe measurements to investigate the coupling between the photoexcited electronic system and the spin cycloid magnetic order in multiferroic TbMnO3 at low temperatures. We observe melting of the long range antiferromagnetic order at low excitation fluences with a decay time constant of 22.3 +- 1.1 ps, which is much slower than the ~1 ps melting times previously observed in other systems. To explain the data we propose a simple model of the melting process where the pump laser pulse directly excites the electronic system, which then leads to an increase in the effective temperature of the spin system via a slower relaxation mechanism. Despite this apparent increase in the effective spin temperature, we do not observe changes in the wavevector q of the antiferromagnetic spin order that would typically correlate with an increase in temperature under equilibrium conditions. We suggest that this behavior results from the extremely low magnon group velocity that hinders a change in the spin-spiral wavevector on these time scales., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2015
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20. Coherent Acoustic Perturbation of Second-Harmonic-Generation in NiO

Author

Huber, L., Ferrer, A., Kubacka, T., Huber, T., Dornes, C., Sato, T., Ogawa, K., Tono, K., Katayama, T., Inubushi, Y., Yabashi, M., Tanaka, Yoshikazu, Beaud, P., Fiebig, M., Scagnoli, V., Staub, U., and Johnson, S. L.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We investigate the structural and magnetic origins of the unusual ultrafast second-harmonicgeneration (SHG) response of femtosecond-laser-excited nickel oxide (NiO) previously attributed to oscillatory reorientation dynamics of the magnetic structure induced by d-d excitations. Using time-resolved x-ray diffraction from the (3/2 3/2 3/2) magnetic planes, we show that changes in the magnitude of the magnetic structure factor following ultrafast optical excitation are limited to $\Delta/$ = 1.5% in the first 30 ps. An extended investigation of the ultrafast SHG response reveals a strong dependence on wavelength as well as characteristic echoes, both of which give evidence for an acoustic origin of the dynamics. We therefore propose an alternative mechanism for the SHG response based on perturbations of the nonlinear susceptibility via optically induced strain in a spatially confined medium. In this model, the two observed oscillation periods can be understood as the times required for an acoustic strain wave to traverse one coherence length of the SHG process in either the collinear or anti-collinear geometries., Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures

Published
2015
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29. The repeatability of cognitive performance : a meta-analysis

Author

Cauchoix, M., Chow, P. K. Y., van Horik, J. O., Atance, C. M., Barbeau, E. J., Barragan-Jason, G., Bize, P., Boussard, A., Buechel, S. D., Cabirol, A., Cauchard, L., Claidière, N., Dalesman, S., Devaud, J. M., Didic, M., Doligez, B., Fagot, J., Fichtel, C., Henke-von der Malsburg, J., Hermer, E., Huber, L., Huebner, F., Kappeler, P. M., Klein, S., Langbein, J., Langley, E. J. G., Lea, S. E. G., Lihoreau, M., Lovlie, H., Matzel, L. D., Nakagawa, S., Nawroth, C., Oesterwind, S., Sauce, B., Smith, E. A., Sorato, E., Tebbich, S., Wallis, L. J., Whiteside, M. A., Wilkinson, A., Chaine, A. S., and Morand-Ferron, J.

Published
2018

32. The ultrafast Einstein–de Haas effect

Author

Dornes, C., Acremann, Y., Savoini, M., Kubli, M., Neugebauer, M. J., Abreu, E., Huber, L., Lantz, G., Vaz, C. A. F., Lemke, H., Bothschafter, E. M., Porer, M., Esposito, V., Rettig, L., Buzzi, M., Alberca, A., Windsor, Y. W., Beaud, P., Staub, U., Zhu, Diling, Song, Sanghoon, Glownia, J. M., and Johnson, S. L.

Published
2019
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34. Coherent Dynamics of Structural Symmetry During the Ultrafast Melting of a Charge Density Wave

Author

Huber, T., Mariager, S. O., Ferrer, A., Schaefer, H., Johnson, J. A., Gruebel, S., Luebcke, A., Caviezel, A., Huber, L., Kubacka, T., Dornes, C., Laulhe, C., Ravy, S., Ingold, G., Beaud, P., Demsar, J., Johnson, S. L., Yamanouchi, Kaoru, editor, Cundiff, Steven, editor, de Vivie-Riedle, Regina, editor, Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto, editor, and DiMauro, Louis, editor

Published
2015
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35. 41P Preclinical characterization of imlunestrant, an oral brain-penetrant selective estrogen receptor degrader with activity in a brain metastasis (BM) model

Author

VandeKopple, M., primary, Mur, C., additional, Shen, W., additional, Marugan, C., additional, Capen, A., additional, Huber, L., additional, Castanares, M.A., additional, Garcia-Tapia, D., additional, Mattioni, B., additional, Bastian, J., additional, Manro, J., additional, Pulliam, N., additional, Dowless, M., additional, Ruiz, M.J. Ortiz, additional, Lallena, M.J., additional, De Dios, A., additional, and Gong, X., additional

Published
2023
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39. Natural products in drug discovery: advances and opportunities

Author

Atanasov, A. G., Zotchev, S. B., Dirsch, V. M., Orhan, I. E., Banach, M., Rollinger, J. M., Barreca, D., Weckwerth, W., Bauer, R., Bayer, E. A., Majeed, M., Bishayee, A., Bochkov, V., Bonn, G. K., Braidy, N., Bucar, F., Cifuentes, A., D'Onofrio, G., Bodkin, M., Diederich, M., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., Efferth, T., El Bairi, K., Arkells, N., Fan, T. -P., Fiebich, B. L., Freissmuth, M., Georgiev, M. I., Gibbons, S., Godfrey, K. M., Gruber, C. W., Heer, J., Huber, L. A., Ibanez, E., Kijjoa, A., Kiss, A. K., Lu, A., Macias, F. A., Miller, M. J. S., Mocan, A., Muller, R., Nicoletti, F., Perry, G., Pittala, V., Rastrelli, L., Ristow, M., Russo, G. L., Silva, A. S., Schuster, D., Sheridan, H., Skalicka-Wozniak, K., Skaltsounis, L., Sobarzo-Sanchez, E., Bredt, D. S., Stuppner, H., Sureda, A., Tzvetkov, N. T., Vacca, R. A., Aggarwal, B. B., Battino, M., Giampieri, F., Wink, M., Wolfender, J. -L., Xiao, J., Yeung, A. W. K., Lizard, G., Popp, M. A., Heinrich, M., Berindan-Neagoe, I., Stadler, M., Daglia, M., Verpoorte, R., Supuran, C. T., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Atanasov, A. G., Zotchev, S. B., Dirsch, V. M., Orhan, I. E., Banach, M., Rollinger, J. M., Barreca, D., Weckwerth, W., Bauer, R., Bayer, E. A., Majeed, M., Bishayee, A., Bochkov, V., Bonn, G. K., Braidy, N., Bucar, F., Cifuentes, A., D'Onofrio, G., Bodkin, M., Diederich, M., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., Efferth, T., El Bairi, K., Arkells, N., Fan, T. -P., Fiebich, B. L., Freissmuth, M., Georgiev, M. I., Gibbons, S., Godfrey, K. M., Gruber, C. W., Heer, J., Huber, L. A., Ibanez, E., Kijjoa, A., Kiss, A. K., Lu, A., Macias, F. A., Miller, M. J. S., Mocan, A., Muller, R., Nicoletti, F., Perry, G., Pittala, V., Rastrelli, L., Ristow, M., Russo, G. L., Silva, A. S., Schuster, D., Sheridan, H., Skalicka-Wozniak, K., Skaltsounis, L., Sobarzo-Sanchez, E., Bredt, D. S., Stuppner, H., Sureda, A., Tzvetkov, N. T., Vacca, R. A., Aggarwal, B. B., Battino, M., Giampieri, F., Wink, M., Wolfender, J. -L., Xiao, J., Yeung, A. W. K., Lizard, G., Popp, M. A., Heinrich, M., Berindan-Neagoe, I., Stadler, M., Daglia, M., Verpoorte, R., and Supuran, C. T.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Engineering, Drug Industry, Review Article, Communicable Diseases, Natural (archaeology), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Transferases, Neoplasms, Drug Discovery, Humans, Pharmaceutical industry, Pharmacology, Biological Products, Natural products, Genome, business.industry, Drug discovery, General Medicine, Chemical biology, 030104 developmental biology, Risk analysis (engineering), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Genome mining, business
Abstract

The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce: et al., Natural products and their structural analogues have historically made a major contribution to pharmacotherapy, especially for cancer and infectious diseases. Nevertheless, natural products also present challenges for drug discovery, such as technical barriers to screening, isolation, characterization and optimization, which contributed to a decline in their pursuit by the pharmaceutical industry from the 1990s onwards. In recent years, several technological and scientific developments — including improved analytical tools, genome mining and engineering strategies, and microbial culturing advances — are addressing such challenges and opening up new opportunities. Consequently, interest in natural products as drug leads is being revitalized, particularly for tackling antimicrobial resistance. Here, we summarize recent technological developments that are enabling natural product-based drug discovery, highlight selected applications and discuss key opportunities., A.C. and E.I. thank the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (Project AGL2017-89417-R) for support. F.A.M. acknowledges the support by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain (project AGL2017-88083-R).

Published
2021

41. Large-Amplitude Spin Dynamics Driven by a THz Pulse in Resonance with an Electromagnon

Author

Kubacka, T., Johnson, J. A., Hoffmann, M. C., Vicario, C., de Jong, S., Beaud, P., Grübel, S., Huang, S.-W., Huber, L., Patthey, L., Chuang, Y.-D., Turner, J. J., Dakovski, G. L., Lee, W.-S., Minitti, M. P., Schlotter, W., Moore, R. G., Hauri, C. P., Koohpayeh, S. M., Scagnoli, V., Ingold, G., Johnson, S. L., and Staub, U.

Published
2014

50. Lateralized Cognition: Asymmetrical and Complementary Strategies of Pigeons during Discrimination of the 'Human Concept'

Author

Yamazaki, Y., Aust, U., and Huber, L.

Abstract

This study was aimed at revealing which cognitive processes are lateralized in visual categorizations of "humans" by pigeons. To this end, pigeons were trained to categorize pictures of humans and then tested binocularly or monocularly (left or right eye) on the learned categorization and for transfer to novel exemplars (Experiment 1). Subsequent tests examined whether they relied on memorized features or on a conceptual strategy, using stimuli composed of new combinations of familiar and novel humans and backgrounds (Experiment 2), whether the hemispheres processed global or local information, using pictures with different levels of scrambling (Experiment 3), and whether they attended to configuration, using distorted human figures (Experiment 4). The results suggest that the left hemisphere employs a category strategy and concentrates on local features, while the right hemisphere uses an exemplar strategy and relies on configuration. These cognitive dichotomies of the cerebral hemispheres are largely shared by humans, suggesting that lateralized cognitive systems already defined the neural architecture of the common ancestor of birds and mammals.

Published
2007
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