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4. Taking Corrective Action When Exposed to Fake News: The Role of Fake News Literacy

Author

Huber, Brigitte, Borah, Porismita, and de Zúñiga, Homero Gil

Abstract

Fake news poses a threat to democracy. The rise of social media and its lax content regulation have facilitated a dynamic environment where mis- and disinformation are spread. However, social media is also the place where false information may be corrected. Initial scholarly efforts begin to highlight what is needed for citizens to take corrective action when exposed to fake news on social media. This study is a further step in that direction by introducing the construct of 'fake news media literacy'. Relying on survey data from the U.S. (N = 1338), we show that news media literacy in terms of media locus of control and need for cognition might not be sufficient to take corrective action; individuals rather need to develop specific fake news literacy. Implications for media literacy initiatives are discussed.

Published
2022
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5. Journalism

Author

Weeks, Brian E., Diehl, Trevor, Huber, Brigitte, Gil de Zúñiga, Homero, Schintler, Laurie A., editor, and McNeely, Connie L., editor

Published
2022
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7. Performance evaluation of automated white matter hyperintensity segmentation algorithms in a multicenter cohort on cognitive impairment and dementia

Author

Malo Gaubert, Andrea Dell’Orco, Catharina Lange, Antoine Garnier-Crussard, Isabella Zimmermann, Martin Dyrba, Marco Duering, Gabriel Ziegler, Oliver Peters, Lukas Preis, Josef Priller, Eike Jakob Spruth, Anja Schneider, Klaus Fliessbach, Jens Wiltfang, Björn H. Schott, Franziska Maier, Wenzel Glanz, Katharina Buerger, Daniel Janowitz, Robert Perneczky, Boris-Stephan Rauchmann, Stefan Teipel, Ingo Kilimann, Christoph Laske, Matthias H. Munk, Annika Spottke, Nina Roy, Laura Dobisch, Michael Ewers, Peter Dechent, John Dylan Haynes, Klaus Scheffler, Emrah Düzel, Frank Jessen, Miranka Wirth, for the DELCODE study group, Amthauer Holger, Cetindag Arda Can, Cosma Nicoleta Carmen, Diesing Dominik, Ehrlich Marie, Fenski Frederike, Freiesleben Silka Dawn, Fuentes Manuel, Hauser Dietmar, Hujer Nicole, Incesoy Enise Irem, Kainz Christian, Lange Catharina, Lindner Katja, Megges Herlind, Peters Oliver, Preis Lukas, Altenstein Slawek, Lohse Andrea, Franke Christiana, Priller Josef, Spruth Eike, Villar Munoz Irene, Barkhoff Miriam, Boecker Henning, Brosseron Frederic, Daamen Marcel, Engels Tanja, Faber Jennifer, Fließbach Klaus, Frommann Ingo, Grobe-Einsler Marcus, Hennes Guido, Herrmann Gabi, Jost Lorraine, Kalbhen Pascal, Kimmich Okka, Kobeleva Xenia, Kofler Barbara, McCormick Cornelia, Miebach Lisa, Miklitz Carolin, Müller Anna, Oender Demet, Polcher Alexandra, Purrer Veronika, Röske Sandra, Schneider Christine, Schneider Anja, Spottke Annika, Vogt Ina, Wagner Michael, wolfsgruber Steffen, Yilmaz Sagik, Bartels Claudia, Dechent Peter, Hansen Niels, Hassoun Lina, Hirschel Sina, Nuhn Sabine, Pfahlert Ilona, Rausch Lena, Schott Björn, Timäus Charles, Werner Christine, Wiltfang Jens, Zabel Lioba, Zech Heike, Bader Abdelmajid, Baldermann Juan Carlos, Dölle Britta, Drzezga Alexander, Escher Claus, Ghiasi Nasim Roshan, Hardenacke Katja, Jessen Frank, Lützerath Hannah, Maier Franziska, Marquardt Benjamin, Martikke Anja, Meiberth Dix, Petzler Snjezana, Rostamzadeh Ayda, Sannemann Lena, Schild Ann-Katrin, Sorgalla Susanne, Stockter Simone, Thelen Manuela, Tscheuschler Maike, Uhle Franziska, Zeyen Philip, Bittner Daniel, Cardenas-Blanco Arturo, Dobisch Laura, Düzel Emrah, Grieger-Klose Doreen, Hartmann Deike, Metzger Coraline, Nestor Peter, Ruß Christin, Schulze Franziska, Speck Oliver, Yakupov Renat, Ziegler Gabriel, Brauneis Christine, Bürger Katharina, Catak Cihan, Coloma Andrews Lisa, Dichgans Martin, Dörr Angelika, Ertl-Wagner Birgit, Frimmer Daniela, Huber Brigitte, Janowitz Daniel, Kreuzer Max, Markov Eva, Müller Claudia, Rominger Axel, Schmid (ehemals Spreider) Jennifer, Seegerer Anna, Stephan Julia, Zollver Adelgunde, Burow Lena, de Jonge Sylvia, Falkai Peter, Garcia Angarita Natalie, Görlitz Thomas, Gürsel Selim Üstün, Horvath Ildiko, Kurz Carolin, Meisenzahl-Lechner Eva, Perneczky Robert, Utecht Julia, Dyrba Martin, Janecek-Meyer Heike, Kilimann Ingo, Lappe Chris, Lau Esther, Pfaff Henrike, Raum Heike, Sabik Petr, Schmidt Monika, Schulz Heike, Schwarzenboeck Sarah, Teipel Stefan, Weber Marc-Andre, Buchmann Martina, Heger Tanja, Hinderer Petra, Kuder-Buletta Elke, Laske Christoph, Munk Matthias, Mychajliw Christian, Soekadar Surjo, sulzer Patricia, and Trunk Theresia

Subjects
white matter hyperintensities segmentation, evaluation, FLAIR, deep learning, aging, Alzheimer’s disease, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

BackgroundWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH), a biomarker of small vessel disease, are often found in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their advanced detection and quantification can be beneficial for research and clinical applications. To investigate WMH in large-scale multicenter studies on cognitive impairment and AD, appropriate automated WMH segmentation algorithms are required. This study aimed to compare the performance of segmentation tools and provide information on their application in multicenter research.MethodsWe used a pseudo-randomly selected dataset (n = 50) from the DZNE-multicenter observational Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) that included 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images from participants across the cognitive continuum. Performances of top-rated algorithms for automated WMH segmentation [Brain Intensity Abnormality Classification Algorithm (BIANCA), lesion segmentation toolbox (LST), lesion growth algorithm (LGA), LST lesion prediction algorithm (LPA), pgs, and sysu_media] were compared to manual reference segmentation (RS).ResultsAcross tools, segmentation performance was moderate for global WMH volume and number of detected lesions. After retraining on a DELCODE subset, the deep learning algorithm sysu_media showed the highest performances with an average Dice’s coefficient of 0.702 (±0.109 SD) for volume and a mean F1-score of 0.642 (±0.109 SD) for the number of lesions. The intra-class correlation was excellent for all algorithms (>0.9) but BIANCA (0.835). Performance improved with high WMH burden and varied across brain regions.ConclusionTo conclude, the deep learning algorithm, when retrained, performed well in the multicenter context. Nevertheless, the performance was close to traditional methods. We provide methodological recommendations for future studies using automated WMH segmentation to quantify and assess WMH along the continuum of cognitive impairment and AD dementia.

Published
2023
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10. Defective B Cell Responses in the Absence of SH2D1A

Author

Morra, Massimo, Barrington, Robert A., Abadia-Molina, Ana C., Okamoto, Susumo, Julien, Aimee, Gullo, Charles, Kalsy, Anuj, Edwards, Matthew J., Chen, Gang, Spolski, Rosanne, Leonard, Warren J., Huber, Brigitte T., Borrow, Persephone, Biron, Christine A., Satoskar, Abhay R., Carroll, Michael C., Terhorst, Cox, and Fearon, Douglas T.

Published
2005

19. Ernährung auf TikTok.

Author

Altendorfer, Laura-Maria and Huber, Brigitte

Abstract

Copyright of Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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24. Women Scientists on TikTok: New Opportunities to Become Visible and Challenge Gender Stereotypes

Author

Huber, Brigitte, Baena, Luis Quesada, Huber, Brigitte, and Baena, Luis Quesada

Abstract

Today, women scientists are still underrepresented in media coverage and confronted with gender stereotypes. However, social media might have the potential to challenge current gender stereotypes of scientists, foster diversity in science communication, and open new ways of becoming visible. We explore this potential by analyzing TikTok accounts of female scholars (n = 50 accounts). Results from content analysis (n = 150 videos) indicate that female scientists from a wide range of different disciplines and at different career stages are visible on TikTok. Building on previous research, we show that female scholars use TikTok mainly to explain scientific facts and concepts and to discuss what being a (female) scholar is like. Moreover, female scholars talk about private life events, give expert advice, and show science in the making. Finally, some of the videos analyzed address gender stereotypes by, for example, challenging assumptions on how a female professor should dress. Implications for science communication in the digital age are discussed.

Published
2023

26. Journalism

Author

Weeks, Brian E., primary, Diehl, Trevor, additional, Huber, Brigitte, additional, and Gil de Zúñiga, Homero, additional

Published
2017
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48. Structural Influences on the News Finds Me Perception: Why People Believe They Don’t Have to Actively Seek News Anymore

Author

Strauss, Nadine; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-7067, Huber, Brigitte; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-4962, Gil de Zúñiga, Homero; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-3604, Strauss, Nadine; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-7067, Huber, Brigitte; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-4962, and Gil de Zúñiga, Homero; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-3604

Abstract

Using data from a two-wave panel survey among 18 countries worldwide, this study investigates the individual- and country-level antecedents of the “News Finds Me” perception (NFM). Results show that older, more educated, and individuals belonging to the ethnic majority are less prone to develop the NFM. However, social media (news) use, incidental news exposure, discussion frequency, and group affiliations lead to a higher NFM. In contrast, information elaboration as well as news use online were found to weaken the NFM. Testing various country-level factors, only gross domestic product was found to be negatively related to the NFM. The findings form a theoretical and empirical basis for future studies that aim at investigating news use in today’s high-choice media environment.

Published
2021

50. Vitamin E reverses impaired linker for activation of T cells activation in T cells from aged C57BL/6 mice

Author

Marko, Melissa G., Pang, Hoan-Jen E., Ren, Zhihong, Azzi, Angelo, Huber, Brigitte T., Bunnell, Stephen C., and Meydani, Simin Nikbin

Subjects
T cells -- Health aspects, Vitamin E -- Properties, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Supplemental vitamin E alleviates age-related defects in interleukin (IL)-2 production, T cell proliferation, and immune synapse formation. Here, we evaluated the effect of in vitro supplementation with 46 [micro]mol/L of vitamin E on T cell receptor-proximal signaling events of [CD4.sup.+] T cells from young (4-6 mo) and old (22-26 mo) C57BL mice. Aged murine [CD4.sup.+] T cells stimulated via CD3 and CD28, tyrosine 191 of the adaptor protein Linker for Activation of T cells (LAT), was hypophosphorylated. Supplementation with vitamin E eliminated this difference in the tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT. By using a flow cytometric assay, the age-related differences in the activation-induced phosphorylation of LAT were observed in both naive and memory T cell subsets. In addition, supplementation with vitamin E eliminates the age-related differences in LAT phosphorylation in both T cell subsets. Neither age nor vitamin E supplementation altered the fraction of LAT entering the membrane compartment. Furthermore, neither age nor vitamin E influenced the phosphorylation of Lck and Zap70, indicating that associated changes in LAT phosphorylation were not caused by alterations in activation states of the upstream kinases Lck and Zap70.

Published
2009

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