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The ecological state of surface waters in Lviv region is affected by various factors: soil and air pollution, technogenic load on the territory, inefficient operation of sewage treatment plants in settlements, pollution and littering of rivers with household and other waste. Another important problem leading to surface water pollution in the region is the absence of water protection zones and coastal protective strips. The lack of cartographic materials and the undefined boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protection strips result in violations of land and water legislation. Currently, the state of water bodies in Lviv region is unsatisfactory. The main problems in this area lie in the growing negative impact on the environment and human health. The main purpose of this paper is to create a web map of surface water pollution in Lviv region, in particular, using remote sensing data. To this end, we have collected and systematized geospatial statistical cartographic materials on the ecological state of surface waters. In addition to statistical data, remote sensing (RS) data obtained from various sources have been used to assess the state of surface waters. The necessary software for the development of such a web map has been identified. An algorithm for uploading geospatial data to the created web resource has been developed. Thus, the web maps of surface water pollution in Lviv region have been created in ArcGIS Online, a software environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work includes an analysis of the primary real estate market in Cracow in 2017-2020. The above analysis was carried out on the basis of transactions obtained from the official register at the city hall. The results of the research made it possible to observe the changes taking place in the market: the prices grew moderately, and the number of transactions was between 8,000 and 11,000 each year. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of transactions conducted dropped sharply. Despite the reduced interest of potential buyers, prices per square meter of residential space increased significantly during the period under review. Thus, the pandemic only affected the number of transactions and not the average price per unit of space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to study the use of normal and convergent stereo-photographic techniques to determine physical condition of a building, to compare errors obtained using a digital non-specialized camera, and use these methods in the inventory and certification of real estate. Monitoring architectural monuments is currently one of the most urgent problems. The development of large cities in which architectural monuments are under threat of destruction requires modern and effective technology for monitoring which is possible using low-cost photogrammetry methods: digital images and cheap software. The development of digital cameras into terrestrial photogrammetry resulted in fundamentally new methods and photogrammetric technologies. In case of monitoring objects of small sizes, such as architectural monuments, the cost of shooting equipment is one of the most significant factors, which reduces the cost of work, therefore, in the vast majority of cases, only digital non-metric cameras are used for shooting. The most significant problem is the calibration of digital non-metric cameras. Currently, a huge number of options for calibrating digital cameras have been developed. These options differ in calibration method, type of test object, type of mathematical model for accounting for distortion (algebraic, physical or hybrid model) The present study how that accuracy of the convergent method is almost 2 times higher than that of the normal photogrammetric survey method and provides a large survey overlap area. Comparing all the indicators and characteristics of these methods, we concluded the feasibility, high profitability, and low complexity of the convergent method of stereo photography to perform inventory and certification of real estate. We found that when surveying building using convergent method it is necessary to use 2 times fewer stations than when surveying by normal method. Thus, the convergent method is 2 times faster and more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the state and development trends of organic land use in Ukraine and determined its place in the European sector of organic agriculture. To assess the endogenous and exogenous factors of the development of organic land use in Ukraine, the method of SWOT analysis was used. It has been determined that the effective development of a model of organic farming is impossible without a comprehensive understanding of the situation about the potential of agricultural land use for the possibility of producing organic products. Methodological approaches to evaluation the potential of organic land use is proposed, based on the use of an integral index, which is characterized by a set of indicators for four main components: land-resource potential, agro-production potential, environmental safety and market infrastructure. In order to compare different-quality and differentdimensional indicators, it is proposed to interpret their values by normalizing, that is, to make the transition from absolute values to normalized ones. On the basis of the developed methodological approach, an evaluating of the potential for the development of organic land use in the regions of Ukraine was carried out. Such an evaluating makes it possible to differentiate regions (territories) depending on the integral index and to rank them as far as possible and potential for the development of organic land use. In turn, ranking territories according to the potential of organic land use helps to identify the most promising of them for investment in the development of organic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers a comprehensive study of the problem of land relations development in the region. It identifies the main directions for their further development, which include improving the legislative framework, economic and monetary valuation of land, leasing land relations and ensuring the formation of a market for agricultural land and ecologically safe land use. The article aims to determine the interrelated components of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing land resources of agricultural enterprises in the context of ensuring land-use efficiency based on the choice of a land-use optimization model. The theoretical and methodological bases for the development of land relations in the conditions of market economy formation are generalized. The directions for improving the ecological status of agricultural land are justified. The state regulation of land relations is analyzed, and ways to improve land legislation are proposed. The directions of the formation and development of the agricultural land market are justified. The ways to improve the ecological condition of the land, taking into account the regional characteristics of the Vinnytsia region, are proposed. To determine the relationship of rational use and reproduction of resources, considering the problems of choosing the optimal strategy for the impact of the economy on the ecologization of land resources, the system of rational use and reproduction of natural resources is developed. The optimization model describing the conditions for the process of stimulating landowners and land users in the direction of protection and rational land use is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]