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Some studies have suggested that perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure may be associated with semen quality in the general population, but with inconsistent results. To identify a more precise relationship between them, a meta-analysis was performed. We searched Embase, the PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Ovid databases, and Web of Science databases (before March 2022) for appropriate studies on the correlations of PFAS exposure with semen parameters. We extracted β value and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to conduct meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses was performed by sample size, geographic location, and sample type. A total of seven articles involving 2190 participants were included in this study. The concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (β value = - 1.38; 95% CI: - 2.44, - 0.32) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (β value = - 1.31, 95% CI: - 2.35, - 0.26) were negatively associated with sperm progressive motility. Subgroup analysis revealed that PFNA exposure was related to sperm morphology in studies with the sample size exceeding 200 people (β value = - 0.14; 95% CI: - 0.26, - 0.01). Our study supports that exposure to some PFASs (e.g., PFNA, PFOA) may be associated with semen quality, such as lower sperm progressive motility. Therefore, it is of great significance for the prevention of male infertility by control the use of PFASs.

Background Polypharmacy increases the risk of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and drug-drug interactions (DDI). This study conducts a retrospective analysis to detect PIMs, DDIs and adverse drug reactions (ADR) among older adults with psychiatric disorders. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out based on medical records of aged inpatient people with psychiatric disorders. Demographic details, hobbies, medical history, medication and laboratory examination were extracted. Three criteria and one online DDIs database were used to detect PIMs and DDIs. The minimally clinical important difference (MCID) was defined as the score change of the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) between admission and discharged. Mean and standard deviation (SD) was used for continuous variables and frequency was calculated for dichotomous variables. Ordinal regression was carried out to detect the independent factors of PIM. Binary logistic regression analysis was implemented to determine the independent factors on the likelihood of ADR or the MCID. ANOVA was used to detect the relationship between the co-administration of drugs and the changes of ALT, AST, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides. P

Long-term inhalation of welding fume at high exposure can cause welder’s pneumoconiosis, and metals in welding dust are associated with respiratory dysfunction. This cross-sectional study, which contains 384 Chinese male workers who were or had been working in a container factory, aimed to assess the potential risk of haemal and urinary metal content in welder’s pneumoconiosis. Further, we investigated their effects on lung function parameters. Metal content and lung function were measured using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and spirometer, respectively. The concentration and metal content of respirable dust as well as total dust were collected at this container factory. Lung function of cases with welder’s pneumoconiosis was significantly worse, as indicated by lower values of FVC, FVC% predicted, FEV1, FEV1% predicted, MEF25% predicted, and MMEF% predicted (p < 0.05). Results of logistic regression models showed that haemal Cr and Zn were risk factors of welder’s pneumoconiosis (OR = 4.98, 95%CI: 1.73–21.20, p = 0.009 for Cr; OR = 5.23, 95%CI: 1.56–41.08, p = 0.033 for Zn) after adjusted with age, BMI, working years, welding dust exposure years, and smoking status. Multiple linear regression models showed that several metals (haemal Cd and Pb; urinary Cd and Fe) were significantly associated with different lung function indices in the welder’s pneumoconiosis group. Compared to non-welders, welders were exposed to considerably higher levels of respirable dust, total dust, and six kinds of metals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, haemal Cr and Zn are positively related to welder’s pneumoconiosis. Meanwhile, Cd and Pb might worsen lung function in welder’s pneumoconiosis.

Long-term exposure to inhaled silica dust induces pneumoconiosis, which remains a heavy burden in developing countries. Modern industry provides new resources of occupational SiO2 leading to artificial stone silicosis especially in developed countries. This study aimed to characterize the serum metabolic profile of pneumoconiosis and artificial stone silicosis patients. Our case-control study recruited 46 pairs of pneumoconiosis patients and dust-exposed workers. Nontargeted metabolomics and lipidomics by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry platform were conducted to characterize serum metabolic profile in propensity score-matched (PSM) pilot study. 54 differential metabolites were screened, 24 of which showed good screening efficiency through receiver operating characteristics (ROC) in pilot study and validation study (both AUC > 0.75). 4 of the 24 metabolites can predict pneumoconiosis stages, which are 1,2-dioctanoylthiophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine(O-18:1/20:1), indole-3-acetamide and L-homoarginine. Kynurenine, N-tetradecanoylsphingosine 1-phosphate, 5-methoxytryptophol and phosphatidylethanolamine(22:6/18:1) displayed the potential as specific biomarkers for artificial stone silicosis. Taken together, our results confirmed that tryptophan metabolism is closely related to pneumoconiosis and may be related to disease progression. Hopefully, our results could supplement the biomarkers of pneumoconiosis and provide evidence for the discovery of artificial stone silicosis-specific biomarkers.

What is already known on this topic? Asbestos is classified as a Class I Carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) because exposure causes mesothelioma and lung cancer in addition to asbestosis and plaques. So far, asbestos has been banned in 67 countries, but chrysotile, a commonly encountered form of asbestos, is still widely used in China and most developing countries. Most asbestos-caused cancers are not reported, recorded, and compensated in many countries. What is added by this report? Enterprises manufacturing asbestos products have been migrating from economically developed Eastern China to relatively underdeveloped central and western regions between 2010 and 2019. Asbestosis cases reported in Tianjin, Beijing, Shandong, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, and Sichuan accounted for a large proportion of the total cases in China, which was inconsistent with the distribution of asbestos-related enterprises (AREs). The reported asbestosis cases versus total pneumoconiosis cases declined from 2.81% to 0.39% from 2006–2017, and this proportion reached 0.69% in 2018. What are the implications for public health practice? Robust occupational and environmental health assessments and reporting are needed to define the epidemiology of asbestos-related lung diseases, and management of using asbestos and existing products containing asbestos need strengthening and follow-up. Enterprises should be encouraged to use safer substitutes and gradually ban asbestos materials in China.

Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture containing various kinds of harmful components. Exposure to air PM is associated with childhood respiratory disease, but epidemiological data are limited concerning the circulating respiratory injury protein on the etiology of childhood respiratory disease. Specifically, the role of PM toxic components or its biological effective dose (adduct) in respiratory injury remains unclear. To demonstrate the dose-response relationship and the main mechanism on circulating club cell secretory protein (CC16) from PM compositions among children, we enrolled 273 boarding schoolchildren in China, including 110 and 163 children of whom were in the low- and high-PM exposed areas, respectively. In this study, we measured the internal exposure levels, including serum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) adduct, urinary metals, and AhR expression, and detected the serum CC16 level as a lung injury marker. Environmental tobacco exposure in children was assessed by urinary cotinine. We found that significantly higher levels of serum CC16, benzo[a]pyridin-7,8-dihydroglycol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-albumin adduct, urinary molybdenum, selenium, arsenic, cadmium and barium, and lower level of AhR expression in high-PM exposed group. There was a good association between serum BPDE-albumin adduct and CC16 (β = 0.222, P = 0.006). There was no association on urinary metals and serum CC16. BPDE-albumin adduct was directly associated with serum CC16 alternation [direct effect = 0.2044, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.0426, 0.36)]. PM could cause serum CC16 increased in children. PAH and its adduct might play a key role in lung injury during PM exposure.

ObjectivesPopulation screening for IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 was initiated on March 25 and was open to all residents of Wuhan who were symptom-free. All ages with no fever, headache or other symptoms of COVID-19 among residents in Wuhan were included.MethodsThis study adopted a cross-sectional study. Pearson Chi-square test, T-test, and Mann-Whitney test were used in comparison between different groups. To correct the effects of gender and age, the seroprevalence of IgM positivity, IgG positivity, and IgM and/or IgG positivity were standardized according to the gender and age-specific population of Wuhan in 2017.ResultsThe seroprevalence of IgG and IgM standardized for age and gender in Wuhan showed a downward trend. No significant correlation was observed between the seroprevalence of IgG and the different age groups. The seroprevalence was significantly higher for females than males (x2 =35.702, p < 0.001), with an odds ratio of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.24–1.48). A significant difference was seen in the seroprevalence of IgG among people from different geographic areas and different types of workplaces (respectively, x2 = 42.871, p < 0.001 and x2 = 202.43, p < 0.001). The IgG antibody-positive cases had a greater number of abnormalities in CT imaging than IgG-negative cases (30.7% vs 19.7%).ConclusionsOur work found the reported number of confirmed patients in Wuhan only represents a small proportion of the total number of infections. There was a significant aggregation of asymptomatic infections in individuals from some occupations, and based on CT and laboratory findings, some damage may have occurred in asymptomatic individuals positive for IgG antibody.Strengths and limitations of this studyThis study has the important feature of having been designed as repeated five-day serosurveys, which allowed for the monitoring of seroprevalence progression.This study applied scientific statistical methods accounting for the demographic structure of the general population and imperfect diagnostic tests to estimate seroprevalence in the overall population.This study had selection bias since the analyzed medical records were based on examinees directed by their work units.People under the age of 19 and over age 65 were too few to be fully covered in analyses.

This study assesses the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants on inflammatory response and lung function. We selected 390 male coke oven workers with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and 115 control workers. The average duration in the exposed group was 9.10 years. The total amount of PAHs was more enriched in PM2.5 which collected from the coke oven workshops compared with the control areas. Correspondingly, the internal PAHs exposure indicated by urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in the exposure group increased 25.7-fold compared to that of the control group. Moreover, the increasing level of urinary 1-OHP was associated with the decrease of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC). In non-current smokers of exposure group, inverse correlation of 1-OHP with FEV1/FVC was also found. Particularly, an exposure duration-dependent decline in FEV1/FVC and mean forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of f...

We aimed to find possible protein markers and key pathways related to bladder cancer. In total, we extracted three bladder cancer tissues and three paracancerous tissues from Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital Urology Department, and performed mass spectrometric detection with Q Exactive. Subsequently, we screened the differentially expressed proteins in the disease group and the normal group using the LIMMA package, and performed functional enrichment analyses using DAVID. Further, we constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks with Cytoscape software, and analyzed modules with ClusterONE. In total, 165 differentially expressed proteins including 19 upregulated and 146 downregulated ones were obtained. ACTA2 (Actin, Alpha 2, Smooth Muscle, Aorta), ACTN1 (Actinin, Alpha 1), and VCL (Vinculin) were significant nodes with higher degrees in the PPI network. These three nodes were also hub nodes in module 2. Besides, functional enrichment analysis suggested that ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion were significant pathways, and these two pathways were also enriched in three network modules. In addition, ACTN1 and VCL were enriched in the focal adhesion pathway in module 2. Thus, ACTA2, ACTN1, and VCL may play important roles in bladder cancer progression and may be protein markers for this disease. The ECM-receptor interaction pathway and the focal adhesion pathway may be involved in the progression of bladder cancer. Furthermore, ACTN1 and VCL may play roles in bladder cancer development, partly via the focal adhesion pathway.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends monitoring changes in seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) over time from the beginning of an epidemic to predict and plan accordingly for public health responses. At present, few domestic and foreign reports exist on the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients through serological tests. To detect and assess asymptomatic infections of COVID-19 among people in Wuhan, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, and provide a basis for planning an adequate public health response, we analyzed the records in a Wuhan general hospital of medical examinations mandatory for 16- to 64-year-old asymptomatic people to resume their job-related work. This retrospective study estimated the seroprevalence of IgM and IgG and compared the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2- infected workers. Methods: Medical examination data were collected from the Wuhan General Hospital between March 26 and April 28, 2020. Serological tests for the presence of antibodies (IgM and IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 used a colloidal gold method. Nucleic acid sequence of viruses were detected with a fluorescent PCR method. Demographical and radiological data were collected. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 20.0 software. Findings: Between March 26 and April 28, 2020, a total of 18,391 asymptomatic back-to-work participants were enrolled. Among them, 89 had positivity for IgM (0·48%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·38–0·58%); 620 cases had IgG positivity (3·37%, 95% CI: 3·11–3·64%), and 650 cases had either IgG positivity or IgM positivity (3·53%, 95% CI: 3·26–3·80%). After standardizing for the genders and ages in the population of Wuhan, the overall standardized seroprevalence of IgG was 3·33% (95% CI: 3·07–3·59%) and the standardized seroprevalence of IgG was 3·01% (95% CI: 2·69–3·33%) among males and 3·66% (95 % CI: 3·23–4·09%) among females. The standardized seroprevalence of IgG was higher in women than in men with a significant difference (x 2 = 2060·3, p < 0·01). By a detection method adjustment, the seroprevalence of IgG was 1·57% (95% CI: 1·39–1·75%) in all medical records, of which males were 1·96% (95% CI: 1·64–2·28%), and females were 1·19% (95% CI: 0·99–1·39%). The assayadjusted seroprevalence of IgG was higher in women than in men, and the difference was significant (x 2 = 5871·0, p < 0·01). The differences were significant for seroprevalence of IgG among people who went back to work in different categories of work place (x 2 = 198·44, p < 0·01). The differences in seroprevalence for IgG positivity or IgM positivity among people who went back to work in different urban and rural areas was also significant (x 2 = 45·110, p < 0·01). Calculated as IgG and/or IgM antibody positivity, the number of new infections was reduced by 64·8% from March 26 to April 28, 2020. Based on the census population aged 16–64 years in Wuhan in 2017, we estimated that 172,340 (95% CI: 157,568–187,112) asymptomatic people aged 16–64 years were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan between March 25 and April 28 2020. This estimate was 3·4-times higher than the officially reported 50,333 infections on April 28. Interpretation: The seropositivity rate in Wuhan indicated that RT-PCR-confirmed patients only represented a small part of the total number of cases. Seropositivity progressively decreased in the Wuhan population from March 26 to April 28, 2020, comparable to Japan and Denmark, but well below the level reported in New York, Iran, Italy, and Germany. The prevalence of asymptomatic infection was higher in women than in men among people who went back to work in Wuhan. The low seroprevalence suggests that most of the population remains susceptible to COVID19. Funding: Emergency Management Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81842035) ; Advisory Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2019 (2019-XZ-70) Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine. This was a retrospective and observational study and informed consent was obtained.

Background: Some cases retested positive for SARS-CoV-2 following negative testing results and discharge, which attracted widespread concern. However, the potential risk factors associated with re-detectable positive tests in a large sample of cases who recovered from COVID-19 has not been well estimated. Methods: A total of 745 discharged COVID-19 cases were enrolled between 30 January and 9 September 2020 in Guangzhou, China. Data on the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, drug therapy, RT-PCR testing, and contact modes to close contacts were collected. Re-positive cases were confirmed by guidelines issued by China. The re-positive rate of in different settings was calculated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 re-positivity. Findings: Among 745 discharged cases, 157 (21.1%; 95%CI, 18.2% to 24.0%) were retested positive with 55 (35.0%) of asymptomatic, 15 (9.6%) of mild, 83 (52.9%) of moderate and 4 (2.6%) of severe at the first admission. The median time from discharge to re-positivity was 8.0 days (IQR, 8.0 to 14.0 days). Most re-positive cases were without clinical symptoms and lymphocyte cell counts increased than before. The likelihood of re-positive testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA was significantly higher among cases with younger age (OR, 3.88; 95%CI, 1.74 to 8.66, 0 to 17 years old), asymptomatic severity (OR, 4.36; 95%CI, 1.47 to 12.95) and without clinical symptoms (OR, 1.89; 95%CI, 1.32 to 2.70, without fever). Interpretation: We found that the re-positive rate of COVID-19 was relatively high, and they were re-tested positive with median days 8.0 to 14.0 post-discharge. Re-positive results were mainly observed in young cases without severe clinical symptoms. These findings suggest that a significant proportion of cases could carry virus fragments for a long time, and effective management, such as prolonged quarantine phase of discharged cases, is necessary. Funding Statement: The Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme; the Construction of High-level University of Guangdong; Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST; the National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Zhejiang University special scientific research fund for COVID-19 prevention and control. Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of GZCDC. As required by the National Health Commission of China, CDCs were responsible for the work for an ongoing public health response to COVID-19, and our cohort study was based on the data by GZCDC. Patients were informed about the surveillance before providing written consent, and data were collected and anonymized for analysis. All analysis of personally identifiable data took place onsite at the GZCDC.

This study assesses the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants on inflammatory response and lung function. We selected 390 male coke oven workers with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fine particulate matter (PM

Environmental carcinogens-induced lung cancer and potential mechanisms have attracted widespread attention. Currently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as key players in development of cancer, among which guide strand of miRNA has been well documented rather than its passenger strand (miRNA*). Our previous study showed that treatment of 0.1 nM AFB1 for 50 passages could induce malignant transformation of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells stably expressing CYP2A13 (P50 B-2A13 cells). However, the role of miRNAs in this carcinogenic proceeding is still unclear. In present study, 36 upregulated and 27 downregulated miRNAs in P50 B-2A13 cells were first identified by miRNA microarray, and miR-138-1* was selected as a candidate miRNA by RT-qPCR and pilot experiments. Functional studies revealed that miR-138-1* could inhibit proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of P50 B-2A13 cells. Further, target analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay identified that miR-138-1(*) was consequentially paired with 3'-UTR of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and decreased the luciferase activity. miR-138-1* could decrease the expressions of PDK1 and its downstream proteins in PI3K/PDK/Akt pathway but not vice versa, indicating that miR-138-1* might affect AFB1-induced malignant transformation through targeting PDK1. As predicted, interference of PDK1 showed the similar effects to miR-138-1* in the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of P50 B-2A13 cells. Our study demonstrated that miR-138-1* played a critical role in AFB-induced malignant transformation of B-2A13 cells by targeting PDK1. Still, the study provides a novel insight into the roles of miRNA* during carcinogenesis, particularly airborne carcinogens-induced lung cancer.

Objectives To understand current status of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF), and awareness of knowledge about occupational bloodborne pathogen exposures and universal precaution among hospital-based health care workers (HCWs). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during April to May 2004 to study incidence of occupational exposure to BBF among 1,144 hospital-based HCWs. Results The total incidence and the average number of episodes exposure to BBF was 66.3/100 HCWs per year and 7.5 per person per year in the past year, respectively. The incidence (per 100/HCWs per year) and the average number of episodes (per HCW per year) of percutaneous injury (PCI), mucous-membrane exposure (MME), and exposure to BBF by damaged skin was 50.3 and 1.8; 34.4 and 1.7; and 37.9 and 4.0, respectively. The leading incidence and the average number of episodes of PCI occurred in delivery room (82.6 and 1.8). The highest percentage of PCI's that occurred during the previous 2 weeks occurred during a surgical operation (22.8%). Of all sharp instruments, the suture needle contributed the highest percentage of PCI's (24.7%) among HCWs in the last 2 weeks. Over two-thirds (68.3%) of respondents were immunized with Hepatitis B vaccine; less than one-half (47%) of HCWs wore gloves while doing procedures on patients. The respondents demonstrated a lack of knowledge regarding transmission of bloodborne diseases and universal precautions. Conclusions Risk for potential exposure to BBF appears high in HCWs, and almost all of episodes are not reported. It is urgent to establish the Guideline for Prevention and Control of Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens among HCWs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:89–98, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Derlin-1 is overexpressed in various types of solid tumors and has an important function in cancer progression. However, its expression pattern in and association with the clinicopathological characteristics of human bladder cancer remain unclear. In the present study, 3 pairs of fresh samples of bladder cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue were first detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to screen for differentially expressed proteins. Following bioinformatics analysis and assessments by qRT-PCR and western blotting, Derlin-1 was selected as a candidate protein and was then validated in samples from patients with bladder cancer by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The results showed that the bladder cancer tissues exhibited higher levels of Derlin-1 expression than the paracancerous tissues (P < 0.05). Positive expression of Derlin-1 was significantly correlated with tumor stage, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) but was not correlated with other clinicopathological parameters including patient age (P = 0.758) and gender (P = 0.831). Besides, Derlin-1 was highly expressed in BC cell lines (um-uc-3 and T24), and the interference of Derlin-1 could reverse EMT progression, inhibit the tumor migration and invasion in T24 cells. Further, patients with positive Derlin-1 expression had shorter overall survival than those with negative expression (P < 0.001). Taken together, our results demonstrated that Derlin-1 was overexpressed in bladder cancer and was associated with the malignancy of bladder cancer.

To investigate the eligibility and main problems for occupational health inspection agencies in China, and to provide technical references for improvement of occupational health inspection.A survey was performed in occupational health inspection agencies that obtained eligibility before June 2011 in eight provinces: Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hubei, Guangxi, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Shenzhen. The survey used the General Information Questionnaire for Occupational Health Inspection Agency made by the project of Occupational Health Surveillance and Diagnosis and Identification of Occupational Diseases in China and Australia.A total of 650 agencies obtained eligibility for occupational health inspection in the eight provinces. These agencies contained 343 centers of disease control and prevention (CDC) or health and epidemic prevention stations (52.8%), 219 hospitals (33.7%), 25 institutes or centers for occupational disease prevention and control (3.8%), 29 community health service centers (4.5%), and 34 other agencies (5.2%) including departments of preventive and health care and preventive medicine outpatient departments. Four hundred and fifty-three agencies completed the questionnaire survey with a response rate of 69.7%. The main types of eligible agencies were different among various regions. A majority of occupational health inspection agencies were hospitals in Shanghai and Zhejiang (67.1%, 62.3%), departments of preventive and health care in Shenzhen (70.0%), and CDCs in Chongqing, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Guangxi. Each agency obtained 3.5 occupational health inspection eligibilities on average. Most of agencies could perform eligible health inspection for dust, harmful physical factors, or harmful chemical factors (84.8%, 87.9%, 87.2%). Moreover, 72.8% of agencies were eligible for all the three types of inspections. A few agencies were able to perform eligible health inspection for harmful biological factors or radiation work (22.5%, 23.0%).An occupational health inspection network has been established in these surveyed regions. CDCs, institutes for occupational disease prevention and control, and hospitals are the main agencies for occupational health inspection. In order to build up a network of occupational disease prevention and control, various agencies should make full use of their own advantages and enhance abilities and technical cooperation.

Identifying sensitive and specific biomarkers for early detection of cancer is immensely imperative for early diagnosis and treatment and better clinical outcome of cancer patients. This study aimed to construct a specific DNA methylation pattern of cancer suppressor genes and explore the feasibility of applying cell-free DNA based methylation as a biomarker for early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We recruited early stage ESCC patients from Yangzhong County, China. The Illumina Infinium 450K Methylation BeadChip was used to construct a genome-wide DNA methylation profile. Then, differentiated genes were selected for the validation study using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. The frequency of methylation was compared between cancer tissues, matched cell-free DNAs and normal controls. The specific methylation profiles were constructed, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Seven CG sites in three genes CASZ1, CDH13 and ING2 were significantly hypermethylated in ESCC as compared with normal controls. A significant correlation was found between the methylation of DNA extracted from cancer tissues and matched plasma cell-free DNA, either for individual CG site or for cumulative methylation analysis. The sensitivity and specificity reached 100% at an appropriate cut-point using these specific methylation biomarkers. This study revealed that aberrant DNA methylation is a promising biomarker for molecular diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Hypermethylation of CASZ1, CDH13 and ING2 detected in plasma cell-free DNA can be applied as a potential noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis of esophageal cancer.

To conduct a systematic review of studies reporting the comparison of digital radiography (DR) with conventional film-screen radiograph (FSR) in the screening and recognition of pneumoconiosis worldwide, to evaluate the feasibility of DR in the screening and recognition of pneumoconiosis, to analyze the similarity and difference between DR and FSR, to explore the main challenge to utilize DR in the future.The national and international databases were systematically searched for original articles on DR for screening and recognition of pneumoconiosis published from first Jan 1998 to first Nov 2013, making evaluation and selection of them, and qualitative data and quantitative data were extracted independently from the selected articles and systematically reviewed.Five hundred and twenty articles were found and evaluated and nine of them met the inclusion criteria of systematic review. The research time started from 2002 to 2011 whose objects mainly came from pneumoconiosis cases and dust-exposed workers and control population examined with DR and FSR using the high kV radiography from 120 to 130 kV. The chest radiographs were read at blind and random and standard control method. There were only two papers compare the validity of DR and FSR for recognition and classification of pneumoconiosis using gold standards. There were still some diversity of imaging processing and imaging reading without design and assessment using Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) in these researches. The evaluation index of the nine articles include detection rate of small opacities, crude agreement, Kappa value of Kappa Consistency Test, Area Under the Curve of ROC, etc. Seven of the nine selected articles estimated DR has generally produced superior image qualities compared to FSR. Four papers had a conclusion that DR could be equivalent to FSR in identification of shapes and profusion of small opacities and in classification of pneumoconiosis. Five papers considered DR had higher presence of pneumoconiosis comparing with FSR especially in recognition the pneumoconiosis of category 1. The variation between different film formats of DR and FSR were smaller than that within and between readers for classification of pneumoconiosis.Although there are still some imperfections in the existent researches to solve, DR can be equivalent to FSR in screening and recognition of pneumoconiosis. It is necessary to develop technical specifications of DR and standard digital chest radiographs for pneumoconiosis including both hard copy and soft copy, and develop an evaluation criterion on chest images of DR.

China is one of ancient countries with nearly 5,000 yr history of civilization, with land area of 9,600,000 km², including 4 municipalities, 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions. There are 56 nations and 1.37 billion peoples (2010, November). In 2010, GDP was 40120.2 billion Yuan, and per capita GDP was 3,600 dollars. Employment population nearly reached 780 million peoples, including a total of 226 million migrant workers. At present, China is in the rapid development period of industrialization, urbanization and globalization, and workers face the traditional and novel dual occupational hazards. Also, prevention and control of occupational disease faces severe situations and challenges.

In this paper, the passive and periodic circular-like formations design at critical inclination under J2 perturbation is proved to be correct. The software STK is used to make highly precision simulation under J2 perturbation, full perturbation and so on. The effect of other perturbations on the passive and periodic circular-like satellite formations can be obtained according to simulation. The initial value of circular-like formations including J2 is more stable than not including it. However, the initial value not including J2 perturbation is the same as including it when the true anomaly is the special value.

According to trajectory tracking control of space robot with parameters uncertainties, the disturbance on space robot trajectory tracking is taken into consideration. Firstly, robust controller is applied to compensate the coriolis force, centrifugal force and other disturbance. Robust control law with items uncertainties compensated is improved. The desired time-varying trajectory can be real-time tracked by manipulators while the attitude of space robot can be controlled. The compensation matrix is proposed. Uncertainty item range can be solved based on PSO and it can be applied to control manipulators. The simulation results show that the robust controller has a good performance.