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C40H48Cu2N12O12, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.9519(1) Å, b = 17.4351(2) Å, c = 24.4288(3) Å, β = 102.143(1)°, V = 4560.25(9) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0647, wRref(F2) = 0.1904, T = 120 K.

Sleep disorders in patients with anti - N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis present in a variety of forms, are easily misdiagnosed, have complex mechanisms, and require early recognition and treatment. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, electrophysiological characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment principles of sleep disorders in anti - NMDAR encephalitis, in order to provide some help for clinicians to identify and treat sleep disorders in anti - NMDAR encephalitis.

ABSTRACT Plants rely on strigolactones (SLs) to regulate their development and form symbiotic relationships with microbes as part of the adaptive phosphorus (P) efficiency strategies. However, the impact of SLs on root-associated microbial communities in response to P availability remains unknown. Here, root microbiota of SL biosynthesis (max3-11) and perception (d14-1) were compared to wild-type Col-0 plants under different P concentrations. Using high-throughput sequencing, the relationship between SLs, P concentrations, and the root-associated microbiota was investigated to reveal the variation in microbial diversity, composition, and interaction. Plant genotypes and P availability played important but different roles in shaping the root-associated microbial community. Importantly, SLs were found to attract Acinetobacter in low P conditions, which included an isolated CP-2 (Acinetobacter soli) that could promote plant growth in cocultivation experiments. Moreover, SLs could change the topologic structure within co-occurrence networks and increase the number of keystone taxa (e.g., Rhizobiaceae and Acidobacteriaceae) to enhance microbial community stability. This study reveals the key role of SLs in mediating root-associated microbiota interactions.IMPORTANCEStrigolactones (SLs) play a crucial role in plant development and their symbiotic relationships with microbes, particularly in adapting to phosphorus levels. Using high-throughput sequencing, we compared the root microbiota of plants with SL biosynthesis and perception mutants to wild-type plants under different phosphorus concentrations. These results found that SLs can attract beneficial microbes in low phosphorus conditions to enhance plant growth. Additionally, SLs affect microbial network structures, increasing the stability of microbial communities. This study highlights the key role of SLs in shaping root-associated microbial interactions, especially in response to phosphorus availability.

Abstract Mangrove reforestation with introduced species has been an important strategy to restore mangrove ecosystem functioning. However, how such activities affect microbially driven methane (CH4), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) cycling of rhizosphere microbiomes remains unclear. To understand the effect of environmental selection and the evolutionary process on microbially driven biogeochemical cycles in native and introduced mangrove rhizospheres, we analyzed key genomic and functional profiles of rhizosphere microbiomes from native and introduced mangrove species by metagenome sequencing technologies. Compared with the native mangrove (Kandelia obovata, KO), the introduced mangrove (Sonneratia apetala, SA) rhizosphere microbiome had significantly (p

As of October 2022, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Early Warning Advisory (EWA) has monitored over 1 150 new psychoactive substances (NPS) that had appeared in 137 countries and territories, including 76 substances that were notified for the first time in 2022. The increasing popularity of NPS has become a policy challenge and a major international concern, and poses potential risks for public health. Ketamine and ketamine analogues belong to β-keto-arylcyclohexylamines, which are classified into dissociative NPS due to their “dissociative anesthetic” effect. According to the monitoring data of the National Narcotics Laboratory, as of August 2022, ten ketamine structural analogues have been detected in China, including 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(ethylamino) cyclohexan-1-one (NENK), 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino) cyclohexan-1-one (MXE), 2-phenyl-2-(methylamino) cyclohexan-1-one (DCK), and 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one (2-FDCK), 2-(ethylamino)-2-phenylcyclohexan-1-one (2-oxo-PCE), 2-(methylamino)-2-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (2-MDCK), 2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (2-FXE), 2-(2-bromophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one (2-BDCK), and 2-(ethylamino)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-one (tiletamine), and 2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (deoxymethoxetamine). According to the structures, these compounds can be seen as structural analogues of ketamine with benzene ring replaced by fluorine, bromine, methyl and methoxy groups, or with methyl group on the nitrogen atom replaced by ethyl group, or with benzene ring replaced by furan group. NENK, MXE, DCK and 2-FDCK have already been included in the annexes of the law in China, while 2-oxo-PCE, 2-MDCK, 2-FXE, 2-BDCK, and tiletamine have not been listed in the regulation. In order to evade the supervision of the law, new types of ketamine analogues have been continuously produced and offered for sale on the NPS market. These emerging new compounds have posed a great challenge to the testing and identification ability of forensic science laboratories around the world. The knowledge of MS fragmentation pathway characteristics of known structure NPS is essential for the structure elucidation of new types of NPS. In order to investigate the mass fragmentation characteristics of ketamine analogues, NENK, MXE, DCK, 2-FDCK, 2-oxo-PCE, 2-MDCK, 2-FXE, 2-BDCK, and tiletamine were analyzed using gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). High-resolution mass spectra were obtained by electron impact (EI) and electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation (ESI-CID), the structures and fragmentation pathways of main ions were deduced. The product ions of ketamine analogues were mainly formed by the loss of CO, C2H5·, C3H7·, C4H9·, C5H11·/C6H13· in EI mode, and were mainly formed by the loss of H2O, CH3NH2/C2H5NH2, CO, C4H6, C2H4O in ESI-CID mode. The ketamine analogues distinguishing features were summarized by investigating the high-resolution mass spectrometric characteristics, which can provide a reference for the identification of new ketamine analogues with similar chemical structures.

Our oral cavity houses various types of microbes including bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, harboring over 700 bacterial species. Oral dysbiosis refers to the imbalance between symbionts and pathobionts in the oral cavity, posing potential threats to host cardiovascular health. Importantly, oral dysbiosis promotes cardiovascular pathophysiology through different mechanisms. Although overgrowth of certain pathogenic bacteria have been indicated in some cardiometabolic diseases, it is still premature to consider oral microbiome as a suitable predictor for non-invasive diagnostic purpose. However, targeting oral microbiome might still provide preventive and therapeutic insights on cardiovascular diseases. Further extensive efforts are needed to deepen our understanding on oral-cardiovascular connection in the context of diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.

The advantages of an O2O instant delivery service over the traditional retail model for grocery retailers in the local market lie in the ability to increase sales by expanding consumer channels. This study aims to explore how merchants can optimize their pricing and delivery service decisions, including order delivery fees, range, and starting price, to maximize profit with the adoption of instant delivery services. Using the Stackelberg game model, the research examines the retailers’ optimal decision-making within the classical Hotelling linear city model while considering a more realistic cost differentiation between online and offline services. The analysis incorporates variations in the number of consumer purchases and geographic locations. The study finds that increasing product prices while maintaining zero delivery fees consistently outperforms charging delivery fees while keeping prices constant in terms of their impact on retailers. Additionally, rarely-discussed aspects like starting delivery price and delivery range are also considered. Comparing parameter variations between the traditional retail model and the O2O instant delivery model leads to three primary conclusions. Firstly, the cost disparity between online and offline services significantly affects the optimal price and profit for the retailer. Secondly, when the cost of online service is slightly higher, setting a starting delivery price can enhance retailers’ profits compared to not having a starting price. Finally, the study outlines three strategies for implementing the O2O instant delivery model and suggests that defining a reasonable delivery range can help merchants reduce costs, improve delivery efficiency, and ultimately increase profits.

Abstract Background Increasing attention has recently been devoted to the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in eutrophic lakes due to its potential key functions in nitrogen (N) removal for eutrophication control. However, successful enrichment of anammox bacteria from lake sediments is still challenging, partly due to the ecological interactions between anammox and denitrifying bacteria across such enrichment with lake sediments remain unclear. Results This study thus designed to fill such knowledge gaps using bioreactors to enrich anammox bacteria with eutrophic lake sediments for more than 365 days. We continuously monitored the influent and effluent water, measured the anammox and denitrification efficiencies, quantified the anammox and denitrifying bacteria, as well as the related N cycling genes. We found that the maximum removal efficiencies of NH4 + and NO2 − reached up to 85.92% and 95.34%, respectively. Accordingly, the diversity of anammox and denitrifying bacteria decreased significantly across the enrichment, and the relative dominant anammox (e.g., Candidatus Jettenia) and denitrifying bacteria (e.g., Thauera, Afipia) shifted considerably. The ecological cooperation between anammox and denitrifying bacteria tended to increase the microbial community stability, indicating a potential coupling between anammox and denitrifying bacteria. Moreover, the nirS-type denitrifiers showed stronger coupling with anammox bacteria than that of nirK-type denitrifiers during the enrichment. Functional potentials as depicted by metagenome sequencing confirmed the ecological interactions between anammox and denitrification. Metagenome-assembled genomes-based ecological model indicated that the most dominant denitrifiers could provide various materials such as amino acid, cofactors, and vitamin for anammox bacteria. Cross-feeding in anammox and denitrifying bacteria highlights the importance of microbial interactions for increasing the anammox N removal in eutrophic lakes. Conclusions This study greatly expands our understanding of cooperation mechanisms among anammox and denitrifying bacteria during the anammox enrichment with eutrophic lake sediments, which sheds new insights into N removal for controlling lake eutrophication. Video Abstract

C13H20O4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 9.7071(4) Å, b = 7.9026(4) Å, c = 17.3139(7) Å, β = 101.617(4)°, V = 1300.97(10) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0428, wRref (F 2) = 0.1145, T = 170 K.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of processing methods on the quality of pumpkin seed kernels. Methods： In this study, pumpkin seed kernels were chosen as the research object and the effects of air-frying （160 ℃, 0~7 min） and microwave treatment （700 W, 0~7 min） on the physical and chemical properties of proteins were investigated. Results： The experimental results showed that: after air-frying and microwave treatment, polyphenol, flavone, polysaccharide contents, as well as sensory scores all increased at the beginning, then decreased gradually, and reached the peak values when being treated by air-frying for 4 min and microwave treatment for 5 min, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the degree of lipid oxidation was lower after microwave treatment, the protein aggregation phenomenon was more obvious, and the structure tended to be disordered and stretched, with a higher degree of lipid oxidation and better digestibility, while air-fried nuts had a stronger roasted flavor. Conclusion： The results indicated that proper air-frying and microwave treatment could improve the flavor and digestive properties of pumpkin seed kernels, and then improve the quality of pumpkin seed kernels.

ObjectiveTo analyze the chemical structure of the interfering substance that affects the result of methamphetamine analysis in wastewater.MethodsA combination of GC-MS and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （LC-QTOF-MS） was used to analyze the mass spectrum characteristics of the interfering substance that affects the result of methamphetamine analysis and to infer its possible structure. Liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry （LC-TQ-MS） was used to confirm the control material.ResultsUsing LC-QTOF-MS in positive electrospray ionization （ESI+） mode, the mass-to-charge ratio （m/z） of quasi-molecular ion in the MS1 mass spectrometry of interfering substance was identical to that of methamphetamine, indicating that the interfering substance was probably an isomer of methamphetamine. The MS2 mass spectra obtained at three collision energies of 15 V, 30 V and 45 V were highly similar to methamphetamine, suggesting that the interfering substance contained methylamino and benzyl groups. Further analysis using GC-MS in electron impact （EI） ionization mode showed that the base peak in the mass spectrum of the interfering substance was at m/z 44. The interfering substance was confirmed to be N-methyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine by compared with the standard reference.ConclusionThe chemical structure of N-methyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine is highly similar to methamphetamine, which is easy to cause interference for the detection of trace amounts of methamphetamine in wastewater using LC-TQ-MS. Therefore, in the actual analysis, the chromatographic retention time can be used to distinguish between N-methyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine and methamphetamine.

Introduction: Fertilizer application above plant nitrogen (N) requirements, leading to N use inefficiency, has become the primary source of N surplus, posing nonpoint pollution threats. Chao Lake has received N loadings, primarily from the agroecosystem that surrounds it. Based on 10 years of field monitoring and experiment, this study used optimum fertilizer rates (30% N reduction) to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N export in the Chao Lake watershed of paddy rice-wheat rotational farming.Methods: Five treatments were tested, namely, the Blank Treatment (CK), Conventional Fertilization Treatment (CFT), High Fertilization Treatment (HFT), Reduced Fertilization Treatment (CFT), Reduced Fertilization Treatment plus Straw addition (RFTS). The parameters employed to measure NUE were 1) by calculating NUE indicators; Agronomic efficiency (kg kg-1), recovery efficiency (%), and partial factor productivity (kg kg-1) 2) using the European Union NUE framework as a comparison tool. N export was measured using N export parameters, namely, nitrogen loading (kg ha-1yr-1), nitrogen runoff loss ratio (%), and net nitrogen runoff loss ratio (%).Results and discussion: Results revealed that optimum N fertilizer input levels maintained high crop and biomass yields. The empirical model of y = y0 + a * exp (−0.5 * (x-x0)/b2) explains the relationships between input N fertilizer and corresponding yield returns. Low yield responses to increased N input beyond certain limits were observed, which may lead to N accumulations. N export was much lower from the reduced fertilization treatments than other treatments. N export increased in 10 years for both paddy rice and wheat seasons. Runoff volume influenced N export more than any other environmental factor studied.Conclusion: Overall, optimal fertilizer levels produced high NUE, maintained high economic yield, and produced lesser N exports; NUE was in the order of reduced > high > conventional fertilization treatments, while it decreased in 10 years (2008–2018) across all treatments. Such strategies that further reduce fertilizer levels by accounting for excess supplies are vital for consolidating effective N control measures.

Despite the ongoing debate on the inconsistent and controversial effects of Tibetan diet on blood lipid levels at high altitude, this cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the relationship between dietary practices and blood lipid levels among Jiarong Tibetan population. A total of 476 Jiarong Tibetan residents were included, in which basic demographic data, physical activity records, simplified food frequency questionnaire, and biochemical data were collected. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the potential associations between the variables were examined, and it was found that fat energy supply ratio increased with the elevation of altitude, while the lipid level showed an inverted U-shaped variation. However, the findings suggested that a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids might balance the effects of the Tibetan diet on the risk of lipid metabolism disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to concentrate on the fat composition rather than the amount of fat E% intake on the plateau. The results highlighted the importance of investigating the interaction between environment and genes in lipid levels among plateau Tibetan population. However, further large-scale prospective studies are required for better understanding of the complexities involved in dietary practices and their influences on blood lipid levels.

Industrial parks serve as vital spatial carriers for economic and industrial development, exerting significant impacts on energy consumption and carbon emissions across nations. In order to promote green development in the Lancang-Mekong region, this research focuses on typical industrial parks in Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. It analyzes the primary conditions of energy system construction, the structure of energy consumption, energy demand, and carbon emission trends in these parks. By considering local policies, development plans, and energy transition goals, the study assesses the development needs of energy consumption in the parks. It proposes differentiated schemes for constructing low-carbon energy systems in industrial parks, aiming to serve as a reference and guidance for the low-carbon energy transformation of typical industrial parks in the Lancang-Mekong region.

The soft set theory is an important mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainty. By endowing a par-ameter set as a commutative BCK-algebra (that is commutative weak-BCI-algebra), the notions of a new type of soft prime ideals, annihilators of soft sets and new type of involutory soft ideals in commutative BCK-algebras are introduced. Two new compositional operations are defined and used to characterize the new type of soft ideals in commutative BCK-algebras. By using partial ordering on commutative BCK-algebras, some properties of the new type of soft ideals are studied. Properties of annihilators of soft sets and new type of involutory soft ideals are obtained. The existence of a new type of soft prime ideals in commutative BCK-algebras and its difference from the standard soft prime ideals are illustrated with examples. It is shown that a soft set is a new type of soft prime ideals in commutative BCK-algebras and its level set is a prime ideal is not a necessary and sufficient condition, which is different from the results of the usual fuzzy algebra. Some equivalent characterizations of the new type of soft prime ideals in commutative BCK-algebras are given. Furthermore, the properties of its homomorphism image and inverse image are discussed.

This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) WT1 antisense RNA (WT1-AS) in cerebral ischemic stroke. The Starbase database and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to analyze the interaction between lncRNA WT1 antisense RNA (lncRNA WT1-AS) and microRNA-186-5p (miR-186-5p). Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to determine lncRNA WT1-AS and miR-186-5p levels. An oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury model was established. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and flow cytometric assays, respectively. Caspase 3 activity was evaluated using a caspase 3 activity detection kit. The results showed that miR-186-5p is a direct target of the lncRNA WT1-AS. In addition, lncRNA WT1-AS levels were downregulated and miR-186-5p levels were upregulated in the blood samples of patients with ischemic stroke and OGD-induced SH-SY5Y cells. WT1-AS overexpression promoted OGD-induced cell viability and reduced the cell apoptosis and caspase 3 activity. However, these effects were reversed by miR-186-5p overexpression. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) was directly targeted by miR-186-5p. Similarly, transfection with the miR-186-5p inhibitor reduced OGD-induced neuronal damage by upregulating XIAP expression. In conclusion, lncRNA WT1-AS attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury in cerebral ischemic stroke through the miR-186-5p/XIAP axis.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholangiopathy caused by genetic and microenvironmental changes, such as bile homeostasis disorders and microbiota dysbiosis. Therapeutic options are limited, and proven surveillance strategies are currently lacking. Clinically, PSC presents as alternating strictures and dilatations of biliary ducts, resulting in the typical “beaded” appearance seen on cholangiography. The pathogenesis of PSC is still unclear, but cholangiocytes play an essential role in disease development, wherein a reactive phenotype is caused by the secretion of neuroendocrine factors. The liver–gut axis is implicated in the pathogenesis of PSC owing to the dysbiosis of microbiota, but the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. Alterations in cholangiocyte responses and related signalling pathways during PSC progression were elucidated by recent research, providing novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarise the currently known underlying mechanisms of PSC pathogenesis caused by the dysbiosis of microbiota and newly reported information regarding cholangiocytes in PSC. We also summarise recently reported in vitro and in vivo models for studying the pathogenesis of PSC.

The Ca-based organic framework (Ca-SINAP-1) loaded with silver was successfully prepared, which has a certain γ-ray irradiation resistance of 50 kGy. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area analysis, and pore volume analysis were used to characterize the sample and its Xe adsorption capacity. The results showed that loading of silver on the sample surface did not change the original structure of Ca-SINAP-1. However, the Xe uptake reached a maximum of 3.29 mmol/g and the Xe/Kr separation coefficient was 10.71 when silver loading was 0.93%. With increasing AgNO3 concentration in ethanol, the Xe adsorption quantity decreased because excess silver loading blocked the channels, and thus prevented Xe adsorption. The good irradiation resistance and high Xe/Kr selectivity make Ca-SINAP-1 a potential material for treating radioactive off-gas emitted from molten salt reactors.

Distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFSs) have faced the challenge of measuring transverse stress along the fiber and the current main approach has been based on polarization coupling effect in polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs), which has short sensing length and high dependence on direction of exerted stress. Instead, here we propose a novel distributed transverse stress sensor (DTSS) based on coupling effect between linearly-polarized (LP) modes in weakly-coupled few-mode-fibers (FMFs). In this scheme, multiple LP modes could be considered as independent spatial channels without stress perturbation because of ultralow inherent modal crosstalk, while quantifiable and spatially-resolvable mode coupling for a probe signal will occur under transverse stress satisfying phase-matching conditions. A proof-of-concept DTSS system is verified based on weakly-coupled two-mode fibers and mode-selective couplers for mode conversion. Moreover, we show that the scheme is little affected by mild common parameters including temperature, strain, twist, direction of stress, or state-of-polarization (SOP), which is crucial for accurate stress analysis under complex environmental conditions. The proposed DTSS scheme has simple structure, high flexibility for different sensing ranges and resolutions, and high collaborating capability with other sensing mechanisms.

C22H26N6O8Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.9820(8) Å, b = 10.5260(7) Å, c = 12.0980(11) Å, β = 118.661(2)°, V = 1227.13(17) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0352, wRref(F2) = 0.1101, T = 298.15 K.

Our gut microbiome is constituted by trillions of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and eukaryotic microbes. Nowadays, gut microbiome has been gradually recognized as a new organ system that systemically and biochemically interact with the host. Accumulating evidence suggests that the imbalanced gut microbiome contributes to the dysregulation of immune system and the disruption of cardiovascular homeostasis. Specific microbiome profiles and altered intestinal permeability are often observed in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Gut-derived metabolites, toxins, peptides and immune cell-derived cytokines play pivotal roles in the induction of inflammation and the pathogenesis of dysfunction of heart and vasculature. Impaired crosstalk between gut microbiome and multiple organ systems, such as gut-vascular, heart-gut, gut-liver and brain-gut axes, are associated with higher cardiovascular risks. Medications and strategies that restore healthy gut microbiome might therefore represent novel therapeutic options to lower the incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

Objective: Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a functional unit formed by specific molecules. It lacks a membrane and has been reported to play a crucial role in tumor drug resistance and growth by regulating gene expression and drug distribution. However, whether LLPS could be used to predict cancer prognosis was not clear. This study aimed to construct a prognostic model for breast cancer based on LLPS-correlated genes (LCGs).Methods: LCGs were identified using the PhaSepDB, gene expression profile and clinical characteristics of breast cancer were obtained from TCGA and cBioportal. The PanCancer Atlas (TCGA) cohort was used as the training cohort to construct the prognostic model, while the Nature 2012 and Nat Commun 2016 (TCGA) cohort and GEO data were used as test cohort to perform external verification. Data analysis was performed with R4.2.0 and SPSS20.0.Results: We identified 140 prognosis-related LCGs (pLCGs) (p< 0.01) in all cohorts, 240 pLCGs (p< 0.01) in the luminal cohort, and 28 pLCGs (p< 0.05) in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cohort. Twelve genes in all cohorts (training cohort: 5/10-year ROC values were 0.76 and 0.77; verification cohort: 5/10-year ROC values were 0.61 and 0.58), eight genes in the luminal cohort (training cohort: 5/10-year ROC values were 0.79 and 0.75; verification cohort: 5/10-year ROC values were 0.62 and 0.62), and four genes in the TNBC cohort (training cohort: 5/10-year ROC values were 0.73 and 0.79; verification cohort: 5/10-year ROC values were 0.55 and 0.54) were screened out to construct the prognostic prediction model. The 17-gene risk-score was constructed in all cohorts (1/3/5-year ROC values were 0.88, 0.83, and 0.81), and the 11-gene risk-score was constructed in the luminal cohort (1/3/5-year ROC values were 0.67, 0.85 and 0.84), and the six-gene risk-score was constructed in the TNBC cohort (1/3/5-year ROC value were 0.87, 0.88 and 0.81). Finally, the risk-score and clinical factors were applied to construct nomograms in all cohorts (1/3/5-year ROC values were 0.89, 0.79 and 0.75, C-index = 0.784), in the luminal cohort (1/3/5-year ROC values were 0.84, 0.83 and 0.85, C-index = 0.803), and in the TNBC cohort (1/3/5-year ROC values were 0.95, 0.84 and 0.77, C-index = 0.847).Discussion: This study explored the roles of LCGs in the prediction of breast cancer prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of carboxyamidotriazole-orotate (CTO) on the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse glioma cell line GL261. Methods The proliferation of GL261 cells was detected by live cell counting. Cell cycle of GL261 cells was detected by PI staining and flow cytometry. Apoptosis of GL261 cells was detected by annexinⅤ/PI double staining and flow cytometry; DCFH-DA staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of GL261 cells. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of GL261 cells was measured in Seahorse bioenergy assay. The ATP content in GL261 cells was detected by ATP detection kit. Results Compared to the control group, the proliferation of GL261 cells in CTO treatment group was significantly inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent way, the proportion of GL261 cells in S phase was significantly increased (P＜0.05) in 20 μmol/L CTO group. Compared with the control group, more apoptosis occurred in GL261 cells of CTO group, and ROS content in GL261 cells of 20 μmol/L CTO group was also significantly increased (P＜0.01). Compared with the control group, the contents of OCR and ATP in GL261 cells was signifi- cantly reduced in the CTO group(P＜0.01). Conclusions CTO inhibits proliferation of GL261 cells and promotes their apoptosis by increased production of ROS. In addition, CTO inhibits the mitochondrial respiration of GL261 cells and the production of ATP in mitochondria, thus inhibits growth of glioma cells.

There is a need to develop an anatomy course with contemporary pedagogy that is consistent with the core of the occupational therapy profession. The purpose of this study was to examine students' perception of a blended learning pedagogy applied to an occupation-based anatomy course compared to a traditionally delivered anatomy course using cadaver lab for entry-level doctoral occupational therapy students at a private university in the Pacific Northwest region. A retrospective, nonrandomized, twogroup, post-test only design with data gathered at the completion of each course was used. One student cohort received the occupation-based anatomy course with a traditional in-person learning format and the other received the course guided by the universal design, blended learning format. The primary outcomes were students' course performance and perception of the course. At the completion of the course, both student cohorts had equivalent course performance. Compared to those who received the traditional format, the blended learning format cohort yielded significantly higher scores in 3 out of 5 categories of the course evaluation, including syllabus design, contribution of course content to their needs as a professional, and assessment methods that reflected their learning. The study results suggest that the occupation-based anatomy course guided by a contemporary pedagogical approach is equal to traditional methods in anatomical knowledge acquisition but statistically superior in meeting students' perceived needs as professionals and reflecting their learning.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of linarin (LA) in an experimental dry eye model Methods: LA or vehicle was applied in two dry eye models: an in vitro hyperosmotic stress model and an in vivo desiccating stress (DS) murine model. The viability of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) was measured using a cell counting kit (CCK-8). Tear secretion was assessed using the phenol red cotton test. The tear break-up time (TBUT) was recorded using 0.1% liquid fluorescein sodium. Corneal epithelial permeability was evaluated through Oregon green dextran (OGD) staining. Conjunctival goblet cells were counted using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfer dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to quantify apoptotic cells in both models. The expression of Ki-67 was measured in HCECs in the cell model while that of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -9 was measured in the murine model through immunofluorescence staining. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to assess the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 in the corneal epithelium and NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the conjunctiva. The protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the conjunctiva were assessed via Western blot Results: In the in vitro model, treatment of HCECs with LA showed no toxicity, increased proliferation, and reduced apoptosis. In the murine model, compared to the control, LA significantly increased tear production and TBUT, improved OGD staining, and increased the number of goblet cells. Topical treatment of LA to mice provided decreased expression of MMP-3, MMP-9, TNF-α, and apoptotic corneal epithelium. Topical administration of LA also suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome in the dry eye disease (DED) murine model by decreasing the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the conjunctiva. Conclusion: Our findings support the safety and efficacy of LA in the treatment of DED. LA alleviated corneal epithelial damage and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated immunity in the conjunctiva in a murine model of DED.

[Introduction] Aiming at the problems of relatively single perspective, inadequate quantitative and global analysis of existing research on hydropower absorption, this paper systematically studies the measures of Yunnan's surplus hydropower absorption, quantitatively analyses the situation of water releasing in the southern region in the future. [Method] This paper put forward the direction of Yunnan's surplus hydropower absorption, and defined the transmission capacity and margin of the west-to-east power transmission channel on this basis. [Result] Based on the principle of overall coordination, this paper purposefully puts forward two kinds of clean hydropower absorption measures, which are optimal utilization of existing channels and improvement of transmission capacity of Guangdong and Guangxi section. [Conclusion] This is the first time to achieve the coordination and unification of planning and dispatching operation links, and further improve the utilization efficiency and transmission benefit of the west-to-east power transmission in southern region.

ABSTRACT Understanding interactions within the gut microbiome and its stability are of critical importance for deciphering ecological issues within the gut ecosystem. Recent studies indicate that long-term instability of gut microbiota is associated with human diseases, and recovery of stability is helpful in the return to health. However, much less is known about such topics in fish, which encompass nearly half of all vertebrate diversity. Here, we examined the assembly and succession of gut microbiota in more than 550 zebrafish, and evaluated the variations of microbial interactions and stability across fish development from larva to adult using molecular ecological network analysis. We found that microbial interactions and stability in the fish gut ecosystem generally increased with host development. This could be attributed to the development of the zebrafish immune system, the increasing amount of space available for microbial colonization within the gut, and the greater stability of nutrients available for the colonized microbiota in adult zebrafish. Moreover, the potential keystone taxa, even those with relatively low abundances, played important roles in affecting the microbial interactions and stability. These findings indicate that regulating rare keystone taxa in adult fish may have great potential in gut microbial management to maintain gut ecosystem stability, which could also provide references for managing gut microbiota in humans and other animals. IMPORTANCE Understanding gut microbial stability and the underlying mechanisms is an important but largely ignored ecological issue in vertebrate fish. Here, using a zebrafish model and network analysis of the gut microbiota we found that microbial interactions and stability in the gut ecosystem increase with fish development. This finding has important implications for microbial management to maintain gut homeostasis and provide better gut ecosystem services for the host. First, future studies should always consider using fish of different age groups to gain a full understanding of gut microbial networks. Second, management of the keystone taxa, even those that are only present at a low abundance, during the adult stage may be a viable pathway to maintain gut ecosystem stability. This study greatly expands our current knowledge regarding gut ecosystem stability in terms of ecological networks affected by fish development, and also highlights potential directions for gut microbial management in humans and other animals.