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Cyclin B1 is an essential cyclin-dependent protein that involves in the G2/M transition. Multiple studies report that cyclin B1 is upregulated in cancers and promotes cancer progression. However, the mechanism of cyclin B1 upregulation remains unclear. Here we report that the 5′UTR of cyclin B1 mRNA contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) by using a bicistronic fluorescent reporter. We show that IRES can initiate the translation of cyclin B1, and the IRES-mediated translation is further activated under cell stress. Interacting trans-acting factors (ITAFs) are required by most IRES to initiate the translation. We find that PTBP1 promotes the IRES-mediated translation of cyclin B1 by binding to the 5′UTR of cyclin B1. On top of that, PTBP1 promotes the malignancy of ESCC cells. Our data suggest that the IRES-mediated translation of cyclin B1 plays an essential role in the cyclin B1 upregulation in cancers.

With the rapid development of two-dimensional nanomaterials, the applications of nanomaterials will inevitably release to the natural environment. In this study, we investigated the interactions between environmental microorganisms and nanomaterial applications, where we chose MoS2 (metallic 1T and semiconducting 2H) and MoS2 membranes as the representative two-dimensional nanomaterial applications, and Escherichia coli was selected as model bacteria to represent the environmental microorganism. In suspension, it was found that the antibacterial efficiency of 1T-MoS2 was around 30% higher than that of 2H-MoS2 nanosheets at low MoS2 concentrations. This is because the distorted octahedral coordination structure endows 1T-MoS2 with higher conductivity than 2H-MoS2, therefore benefitting the electron transfer ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2·– and H2O2, which are both absent for 2H-MoS2. However, the common antibacterial pathways shared by both 1T-MoS2 and 2H-MoS2 are glutathione (GSH) oxidation that causes oxidative stress in bacterial cells and cell membrane disruption in direct contact with the sharp edges of MoS2 nanosheets. Interestingly, 1T-MoS2 and 2H-MoS2 have similar antibacterial efficiencies of around 75% when applied on the poly-(ether sulfone) (PES) membrane surfaces for anti-biofouling purposes due to the similar physical damages induced by the sharp edges of two-dimensional structures with 1T-MoS2 and 2H-MoS2. The results imply that bacterial physical damages induced by 1T- and 2H-MoS2 membranes play a more important role than chemical oxidative stress. This study provides information that scientists and engineers should pay attention to the applications using nanomaterials since different application forms could have different interactions with the potential environmental microorganism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the basic maps, attribute data ot watershed and outcomes of flash flood disaster investigation, this paper presents the techniques and achievements for flash flood disaster assessment in Yuzhou district. The primary preparedness for assessment was firstly introduced, Then, it was demonstrated that the main works of assessment, including design flood by rainfall-runoff modeling in watersheds, existing flood control capacity estimation, critical rainfall and stages determination, and flood dangerous zoning for the riverside villages in mountain-hill-area in Yuzhou district. Finally, some suggestions were provided to support flash flood management in Yuzhou district, including mining information from outcomes of flash flood disaster investigation and assessment, improving the monitoring and early warning system on flash flood, and identifying potential flash flood types and areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Many forms of variations exist in the human genome including single nucleotide polymorphism, small insert/deletion (DEL) (indel) and structural variation (SV). Somatically acquired SV may regulate the expression of tumor-related genes and result in cell proliferation and uncontrolled growth, eventually inducing tumor formation. Virus integration with host genome sequence is a type of SV that causes the related gene instability and normal cells to transform into tumor cells. Cancer SVs and viral integration sites must be discovered in a genome-wide scale for clarifying the mechanism of tumor occurrence and development., Results: In this paper, we propose a new tool called seeksv to detect somatic SVs and viral integration events. Seeksv simultaneously uses split read signal, discordant paired-end read signal, read depth signal and the fragment with two ends unmapped. Seeksv can detect DEL, insertion, inversion and inter-chromosome transfer at single-nucleotide resolution. Different types of sequencing data, such as single-end sequencing data or paired-end sequencing data can accommodate to detect SV. Seeksv develops a rescue model for SV with breakpoints located in sequence homology regions. Results on simulated and real data from the 1000 Genomes Project and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma samples show that seeksv has higher efficiency and precision compared with other similar software in detecting SVs. For the discovery of hepatitis B virus integration sites from probe capture data, the verified experiments show that more than 90% viral integration sequences detected by seeksv are true., Availability and Implementation: seeksv is implemented in C ++ and can be downloaded from https://github.com/qkl871118/seeksv CONTACT: : dragonbw@163.comSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)