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Objective To investigate the changes in blood microbiota in patients with high altitude polycythemia (HAPC) and the correlation with the risk of HAPC. Methods A cross-sectional trial was carried out among 41 HAPC patients (HAPC group) and 41 healthy plateau individuals (control group) who took physical examination in the Health Management Department of No. 953 Hospital of PLA Army in 2021. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene in the blood smaples, and the composition and difference of the blood microbiota were compared and analyzed between the 2 groups. Results All the participants were male and Han people, and there were no significant differences in baseline data such as age, body mass index and plateau migration time between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The α-diversity of blood microbiota in the HAPC group, including the Simpson index (0.931±0.005 vs 0.907±0.008, P < 0.05), Goods Coverage index (0.998±0.001 vs 0.997±0.001, P < 0.001) and Pielou index (0.597±0.011 vs 0.567±0.009, P < 0.05) were significantly higher than those in the control group. Meanwhile, obvious difference was observed in the β diversity between the 2 groups (P < 0.01). The relative abundance analysis of bacteria showed that Pelomonas (0.046±0.004 vs 0.033±0.003, P < 0.05), Azospirillum (0.046±0.006 vs 0.021±0.003, P < 0.01), Acidovorax (0.032±0.003 vs 0.019±0.002, Azospirillum (0.046±0.006 vs 0.021±0.003, P < 0.01) and Acidovorax (0.032±0.003 vs 0.019±0.002, P < 0.05) were statistically higher in the HAPC group than the control group. LEfSe analysis showed that the characteristic blood microbiota of the HAPC group were α-Proteobacteria, and those of control group were Trichospiridae. Conclusion Significant changes are found in diversity, relative abundance and characteristic bacteria of the blood microbiota between the HAPC patients and healthy people at the high altitude, which might be closely associated with the occurrence and development of HAPC.

C26H36N4O20Zn2, triclinic, P1‾$P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 6.9872(4) Å, b = 8.9052(5) Å, c = 8.9052(5) Å, α = 94.441(4)°, β = 93.552(4)°$93.552(4){}^{\circ}$, γ = 90.045(5)°$90.045(5){}^{\circ}$, V = 1651.61(16) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt${R}_{gt}$(F) = 0.0748, wRref$w{R}_{ref}$(F2) = 0.2021, T = 293 K.

Functional parkinsonism (FP) is a disorder caused by psychological factors rather than neurodegeneration. Functional parkinsonism has a great influence on patients' quality of life and daily function. However, due to overlapping with some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), the diagnosis of functional parkinsonism is often delayed or omitted. Early identification and diagnosis of functional parkinsonism is challenging and crucial to the treatment and prognosis of patients. This review summarizes the importance of clinical positive signs and auxiliary examinations in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of functional parkinsonism. The differences of clinical features between functional parkinsonism and PD were compared in detail. This review aims to improve clinicians' diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment capabilities of functional parkinsonism.

C27H28N4O16Zn2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.0720(3) Å, b = 15.7589(5) Å, c = 15.7589(5) Å, β = 95.373(3)°, V = 3062.48(18) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0499, wRref(F2) = 0.1059, T = 294 K.

Industrial software for digital design is a mainstay of industrial software and the foundation for intelligent manufacturing; however, a large gap exists between relevant domestic industries and the international frontier. Therefore, it is urgent to improve these software to support China’s manufacturing sector to enter the international advanced ranks. This study explores the significance of the industrial software for digital design, reviews the development status of industrial software in China and abroad, and analyzes the challenges faced by related industries in China. Key breakthrough directions are summarized, including seamless integration of structural computer-aided design/computer-aided engineering software and optimization software; design, analysis, and optimization integrated software driven by geometric features; simulation calculation and analysis featuring multi-body, multi-state, and multiphysical field coupling; cloudification and customization of industrial software; and heterogeneous parallel computing supported by algorithm strategies. Furthermore, we propose the following suggestions: (1) sorting out subdivided areas and formulating targeted industry support policies, (2) encouraging software enterprises to draw on each other’s strengths and formulating unified domestic standards, (3) providing targeted support for small- and medium-sized enterprises to expand their customer market, (4) mproving personnel training programs to gather high-end research staff, and (5) strengthening basic research and exploiting the advantages of domestic innovation market.

District Heating and Cooling (DHC) technology is widely recognised as a promising solution for reducing primary energy consumption and emissions. The 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling (5GDHC) network is the latest DHC concept characterised by low-temperature supply, bi-directional heating network operation, decentralised energy flows, and surplus heat sharing. Unlike the 4th Generation District Heating (4GDH) technology, the 5GDHC technology switched to a consumer/prosumer-oriented perspective. The introduction of 5GDHC solutions requires high investments, an important barrier to further developing DHC systems. Therefore, a novel pricing and business model could include introducing co-owners or energy managers into the system. Three different local market business models for 5GDHC at the community level have been tested. The reverse technical and economic simulation has been used for a feasibility study to determine the resources, business models, and combinations closest to the break-even point with lower costs and higher gains for all involved stakeholders.

BackgroundThe calibration of radon measuring instruments is the most important and key technical link to ensure the reliability and accuracy of radon observation data and plays a vital role in seismic monitoring and prediction.PurposeThis study aims to obtain a calibration method suitable for the calibration of newly connected seismic water radon monitor according to the National Metrological Verification Regulations for Radon Meters (JJG825-2013), the calibration experiment is carried out for the analog radon observatory (manual), which is newly adopted by the seismic network, and the calibration method suitable for the seismic water radon observation is obtained.MethodsFirstly, the FD-125 radon-thorium analyzer was used as the experimental instrument, the calibration experiments were carried out in the standard radon chamber by three calibration methods: circulation method, vacuum method, and flow-gas method. Then, the volume response coefficients of three methods were calculated, and the uncertainty sources and mathematical models were analyzed according to JJG825—2013 regulation. Measured values by internationally recognized standard AlphaGUARDPQ2000Pro radon meter were taken as theoretical references of radon concentration for radon chambers, hence the uncertainties of three calibration methods were obtained.ResultsThe results show that the circulation calibration method has the highest detection efficiency and fewer influencing factors, and is suitable for manual and digital radon detector calibration. The vacuum calibration method is affected by the standard radon gas diluted by pipeline gas and pressure balance, resulting in low negative pressure sampling efficiency and high volume activity response coefficient R. As for the flow-gas calibration method, the continuous injecting of radon gas into the scintillation chamber affects the dynamic stability of radon gas in the scintillation chamber, and radon gas is not discharged to the background during calibration, resulting in the high volume activity response coefficient R and high intrinsic error.ConclusionsThe cyclic method is more suitable for the calibration of new seismic water radon observatories, and this study provides a reference for the calibration of other new water radon observatories and gas radon observatories.

Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) have close clinical and pathological relationships. In this paper, a 54-year male patients with AD and CAA is reported. AD is diagnosed according to A/T/N biomarker framework, and the clinical diagnosis of CAA is based on Boston Diagnostic criteria 2.0. So far, it has not been reported in China. At the same time, the abnormal changes of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in this case were confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid detection and neuromolecular imaging. Finally, through the review of the literature, it is expounded that the deposition of Aβ is the common pathology of CAA and AD, leading to cognitive dysfunction and neurological dysfunction. For CAA, the major event in the pathogenesis is vascular Aβ deposition, while for AD is inflammatory plaque Aβ deposition in the brain. The pathological changes of both are driven by Aβ clearance disorders. However, mechanisms of brain injury between them were different. The mechanism of AD-related brain injury is mainly related to synaptic and neuron loss caused by Aβ deposition, while CAA-related brain injury is more likely to be caused by vascular dysfunction, vascular integrity damage, hemorrhage or cerebral hypoperfusion. Since obvious clinical heterogeneity in AD, for patients with AD and without intracerebral hemorrhage, routine screening magnetic sensitivity weighted imaging scanning is needed to exclude CAA.

Objective To observe the changes of protein phosphorylation levels in the hippocampus of mice with memory impairment caused by hypobaric hypoxia exposure, and to explore the key phosphorylated proteins and associated pathways involved in memory deficits. Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice (7~8 weeks old, body weight 20±2 g) were randomly and equally divided into normoxic control group (Ctrl) and hypobaric hypoxic group (HH). The Ctrl group was housed under normoxic condition, while the HH group was fed for 7 d in a hypobaric chamber at simulated altitude of 6 000 m. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed after hypoxia exposure, and the hippocampus tissues of mice were collected for phosphoproteomic analysis. Results MWM test showed that the escape latency of mice was significantly longer in the HH group than the Ctrl group (89.66±3.27 vs 38.61±4.83 s, P < 0.01), and the swimming distance was also remarkably increased in the HH group (959.21±99.61 vs 550.39±59.43 cm, P < 0.01). A total of 136 phosphopeptides with significant difference in expression between the 2 groups were detected by phosphoproteomic analysis, including 92 up-regulated phosphopeptides corresponding to 79 proteins and 44 down-regulated from 42 proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that these differentially phosphorylated proteins were primarily distributed in postsynaptic density, asymmetric synapse and basal plasma membrane, and were mainly involved in biological processes such as cell junction assembly, synapse organization, vesicle-mediated transport in synapse, dendrite development and cognition. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially phosphorylated proteins were mainly enriched in pathways like insulin secretion, pancreatic secretion, glutamatergic synapse, endocytosis and long-term depression. Moreover, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with AGAP2, SYNGAP1, DRP2, DRP3 and PSD93 as the core proteins was formed. Conclusion Hypobaric hypoxia exposure can induce memory impairment in mice, which may be associated with the differential expression of phosphorylated proteins and changes of related pathways in the hippocampus of mice, and AGAP2, SYNGAP1, DRP2, DRP3 and PSD93 may be the key proteins during the process.

Taking the preparation of electrode materials of supercapacitors, the study of properties and the performance of assembled asymmetric supercapacitors as the core contents, and improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors as the main purpose, the in-situ polymerization method was used to prepare carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PI-MWCNTs) grafted polyimide solution, which is used as the precursor of nitrogen-doped carbon to realize the growth of composites on the surface of carbon cloth and as electrode material.Manganese dioxide-carbon cloth (MnO2-CC) as the positive electrode, Polyimide-carbon cloth grafted with multi-walled carbon nanotubes as negative electrode (PI-MWCNTs-CC), build asymmetric supercapacitors. The structure and electrochemical properties of the electrode materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, raman spectroscopy, surface area and pore size testing, X line photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to the study, when the scan rate is 20 mV/s, asymmetric capacitor potential window can be increased to 1.3 V and its volume specific capacity is 1.80 F/cm3.When the power density is 14.08 mW/cm3, the energy density can reach up to 0.423 mWh/cm3.

Polymethacrylimide foams were prepared by free radical bulk polymerization with butyl methacrylate (BMA), acrylamide (AM) as the reactive monomer, acrylic acid (AA) as the third monomer and crosslinker at different heat treatment time. The structure and properties were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TGA and DSC. The results show that with the increase of heat treatment time of BMA/AM/AA copolymer, the rearrangement reaction between molecular chains produces a six-membered imide ring. After cross-linking and solidification, PMI foam is obtained. The characteristic absorption peaks are in good agreement with the literature values. After heat treatment for 5 h, a dense closed cell foam with a pore diameter of 100-200 μm is obtained, which has good mechanical properties, compressive strength of 8.160 MPa and tensile strength of 12.95 MPa. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the foam is 255℃, the thermal decomposition temperature Td10 is as high as 280℃ when the thermal mass loss is 10%, and the foam still retains more than 80% at 345℃, and the thermal conductivity is 0.05424 W/(m·K). It is indicated that the foam with excellent high temperature resistance and thermal insulation properties is obtained after heat treatment of the copolymer for 5 h.

Polymethacrylimide foams were prepared by free radical bulk polymerization with butyl methacrylate (BMA), acrylamide (AM) as the reactive monomer, acrylic acid (AA) as the third monomer and crosslinker at different heat treatment time. The structure and properties were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TGA and DSC. The results show that with the increase of heat treatment time of BMA/AM/AA copolymer, the rearrangement reaction between molecular chains produces a six-membered imide ring. After cross-linking and solidification, PMI foam is obtained. The characteristic absorption peaks are in good agreement with the literature values. After heat treatment for 5 h, a dense closed cell foam with a pore diameter of 100-200 μm is obtained, which has good mechanical properties, compressive strength of 8.160 MPa and tensile strength of 12.95 MPa. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the foam is 255℃, the thermal decomposition temperature Td10 is as high as 280℃ when the thermal mass loss is 10%, and the foam still retains more than 80% at 345℃, and the thermal conductivity is 0.05424 W/(m·K). It is indicated that the foam with excellent high temperature resistance and thermal insulation properties is obtained after heat treatment of the copolymer for 5 h.

The use of electric vehicles (EVs) has been on the rise. Most of the existing EV smart charging controls can be categorized into three approaches according to their optimization principles: individual, bottom-up and top-down. Until now, systematic comparison and analysis of the different approaches are still lacking. It is still unknown whether a control approach performs better than others and, if yes, why is it so. This study aims to fill in such knowledge gaps by conducting a systematic comparison of these three different control approaches and analyzing their performances in depth. A representative control algorithm will be selected from each control approach, then the selected algorithms will be applied for optimizing EV charging loads in a building community in Sweden. Their power regulation performances will be comparatively investigated. This study will help pave the way for the developments of more sophisticated control algorithms for EV smart charging.

Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) transparent conductive films with different sheet resistances were deposited on the surface of float glass by a room temperature coating technique. The procedure for radar cross section (RCS) measurements for AZO transparent conductive films was established, and the definition of the relative reflectivity based on the RCS mean value was proposed. The electromagnetic scattering characteristics for the AZO transparent conductive films were analyzed by way of the sheet resistance and visible light transmittance. The AZO films with different sheet resistances were tested in the microwave darkroom and RCS curves for the films were obtained with incident frequencies of 10 GHz and 15 GHz and in the HH and VV polarizations modes. The characteristics of the RCS curve distribution in angular domains of 20° and 60° in the nose direction and the characteristics of RCS mean values were analyzed to study the stealth performance for aircraft cockpit glasses. The influence of the sheet resistance on RCS relative reflectivity and visible light transmittance was studied based on RCS test results from the AZO transparent conductive films. When the sheet resistance was small, the distribution of the RCS curves was similar to that of their corresponding metal. When the sheet resistance increased, the RCS mean values in the angular domains of 20° and 60° in the nose direction decreased and the stealth performance was reduced. In addition, the RCS relative reflectivity decreased and the visible light transmittance increased. The rate of the decrease in the relative reflectivity was related to the sheet resistance. It was determined that an appropriate sheet resistance can meet the needs of stealth and lighting simultaneously. The results achieved from darkroom test also proved that upon meeting the requirement of visible light transmittance for aircraft cockpit glasses, the AZO transparent conductive film could provide shaped stealth performance when the value of sheet resistance was between 18 Ω to 45 Ω. When the sheet resistance was 18 Ω, the best performance of AZO appears with a relative reflectivity, Rem2 of 84% and RedB of 0.73 dB.

Deep learning can make the computing model that contains a number of processing layers to learn the data that contains many levels of abstract representation.This kind of learning way in the most advanced speech recognition,visual object recognition,object detection and many other areas,such as biology,genetics and medicine brought significant improvement.Deep learning can find the complex structure of large data,and the convolution neural network as one of the important models of the depth study in the processing of voice,image,video and text,and other aspects of a new breakthrough.It is the use of BP algorithm to guide the machine how to get the error before the layer to adjust the parameters of this layer,so that these parameters are more conducive to the calculation of the model.In view of the shortcomings of traditional BP algorithm,a fast BP algorithm is proposed,which has the disadvantages of slow convergence speed and often falls into local minimum points.The improved convolutional neural network is used to validate the data set MNIST,English character recognition and medical image.The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Tissue-clearing and labeling techniques have revolutionized brain-wide imaging and analysis, yet their application to clinical formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks remains challenging. We introduce HIF-Clear, a novel method for efficiently clearing and labeling centimeter-thick FFPE specimens using elevated temperature and concentrated detergents. HIF-Clear with multi-round immunolabeling reveals neuron circuitry regulating multiple neurotransmitter systems in a whole FFPE mouse brain and is able to be used as the evaluation of disease treatment efficiency. HIF-Clear also supports expansion microscopy and can be performed on a non-sectioned 15-year-old FFPE specimen, as well as a 3-month formalin-fixed mouse brain. Thus, HIF-Clear represents a feasible approach for researching archived FFPE specimens for future neuroscientific and 3D neuropathological analyses.

The traditional servo system has the advantages of simple structure and reliability,but it is easy to change with the parameters of the motor,so the anti load disturbance performance is poor,and the robustness is weak. In order to solve this problem,an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is added to the system. As a kind of non continuity control,the biggest advantage is that the sliding mode is completely adaptive to the interference of the system. The integral sliding mode surface is used to design the switching function and the fuzzy method is used to realize the high precision control of linear systems and nonlinear systems. The simulation results show that the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control is not only robust and fast response speed,but also can greatly weaken the chattering phenomenon of sliding mode control under the similar control effect.

Targeting host factors exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions for pandemic preparedness. Seventeen candidates targeting diverse functions emerged in a screen of 4,413 compounds for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. We demonstrated that lapatinib and other approved inhibitors of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases suppress replication of SARS-CoV-2, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and other emerging viruses with a high barrier to resistance. Lapatinib suppressed SARS-CoV-2 entry and later stages of the viral life cycle and showed synergistic effect with the direct-acting antiviral nirmatrelvir. We discovered that ErbB1, ErbB2, and ErbB4 bind SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein and regulate viral and ACE2 internalization, and they are required for VEEV infection. In human lung organoids, lapatinib protected from SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of ErbB-regulated pathways implicated in non-infectious lung injury, proinflammatory cytokine production, and epithelial barrier injury. Lapatinib suppressed VEEV replication, cytokine production, and disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity in microfluidics-based human neurovascular units, and reduced mortality in a lethal infection murine model. We validated lapatinib-mediated inhibition of ErbB activity as an important mechanism of antiviral action. These findings reveal regulation of viral replication, inflammation, and tissue injury via ErbBs and establish a proof of principle for a repurposed, ErbB-targeted approach to combat emerging viruses.

Based on ElectroMagnetic (EM) theory and the monopulse radar angle measurement principle, the formulae of angular glint for complex target are proposed and generally applied to tackling practical problems. The inherent relations among the three representations of radar angular glint, i.e. the phase-front distortion concept, the energy-flow tilt concept, and the monopulse radar angular noise concept, are clearly demonstrated. The two existing concepts of angular glint are also revised. Thus, a firm theoretical foundation for understanding, modeling, simulating and suppressing the angular glint from complex radar targets is established.

A frequency-domain method is proposed for wideband radar echo simulation of high-speed moving targets. Based on the physical process of electromagnetic waves observing a moving target, a frequency-domain echo model of wideband radar is constructed, and the block diagram of the radar echo simulation in frequency-domain is presented. Then, the impacts of radial velocity and slant range on the matching filtering of LFM radar are analyzed, and some quantitative conclusions on the shift and expansion of the radar profiles are obtained. Simulation results illustrate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed method.