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Imidazoline quaternary‐ammonium‐salt corrosion inhibitor and thioureido‐imidazoline quaternary‐ammonium‐salt compound corrosion inhibitor were synthesized using oleic acid, diethylenetriamine, benzyl chloride, and thiourea as the raw materials. The resulting samples were characterized by static weight‐loss method, electrochemical polarization curve, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical characteristics of the inhibitors' inhibition towards carbon dioxide corrosion were investigated, the major constituents of the protective film formed on the surface of A3 carbon steel by thioureido‐imidazoline compound corrosion inhibitor were analyzed, and the corrosion inhibiting mechanism for thioureido‐imidazoline in hypersaline was explored. The results indicated that thioureido‐imidazoline compound corrosion inhibitor had better corrosion inhibiting effect than imidazoline and can efficiently inhibit the corrosion of A3 carbon steel by CO2‐saturated hypersaline water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the industrial circulating cooling water in different conductivity of metal corrosion of iron, and then take measures to prevent the pipe network system and equipment corrosion; methods: a rotating hanging plate method combined with electrochemical analysis theory, the relationship of circulating water test in different conductivity and iron corrosion rate; results: circulating water the conductivity in less than 2200 s/cm, the corrosion rate of iron is less than 0.075 mm/a; conclusion: the concentration of sodium hydroxide 30% or 50% sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value of circulating water in 8.5-9.5, or add 2-10 ppm corrosion inhibitor and regular sewage and other measures of circulating water, can ensure the corrosion rate of metal iron is less than 0.075 mm/a, meet the safety requirements of relevant standards within the range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P2X7 is important in inflammation and tissue injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of P2X7 inhibition, using a specific inhibitor (A438079) to prevent the development of liver injury and fibrosis in a mouse model of liver fibrosis. The mouse liver fibrosis model was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Mice received subcutaneous administration of vehicle (saline/olive oil), CCl4 or subcutaneous CCl4 and A438079. The pro‑inflammatory and pro‑fibrotic factors were determined by western blot analysis. The biochemistry, histopathology, collagen deposition and nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) activity were also analyzed. Chronic CCl4 treatment resulted in liver injury and collagen accumulation. The expression levels of P2X7, pro‑inflammatory and pro‑fibrotic mediators, and the activity of NF‑κB were markedly increased. Treatment with A438079 significantly inhibited CCl4‑induced P2X7 expression, and attenuated CCl4‑induced liver injury and the inflammatory response. P2X7 blockade also significantly reduced the formation of collagen in the liver and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor‑β1. This study demonstrated that P2X7 inhibition attenuated liver injury and fibrosis in a mouse model. Thus, P2X7 is a potential novel therapeutic target for liver injury and fibrosis.

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncoembryonal protein that is highly expressed in the majority of hepatocellular carcinomas. Previous studies have shown that AFP may be involved in multiple cell growth regulating, differentiating, and immunosuppressive activities. We investigated the effects of AFP gene silencing by siRNA on apoptosis and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line EGHC-9901, which highly expresses AFP and may serve as an ideal model for investigation of AFP functions. siRNA expressing plasmid targeting the AFP gene was first established and subsequently transfected into hepatocellular carcinoma cell line EGHC-9901; cells were then divided into three groups: siRNA-afp, transfected with AFP-siRNA; siRNA-beta-actin, transfected with siRNA-beta-actin as the positive group; and vector control, transfected with empty vector as the blank control group. After G418 positive clone selection for a couple of weeks, Western blot and RT (reverse transcription)-PCR assay demonstrated that AFP expression was almost completely inhibited by siRNA-afp, which indicates that siRNA expressing plasmid targeting the AFP gene has been successfully established. Furthermore, MTT (methyl thiazolyl tetrazelium) assay showed that cells transfected with siRNA-afp proliferated at a significantly lower speed than the other two groups and flat plate clone formation assay also witnessed less clones with diameters of more than 75 μm in siRNA-afp immunofluorescence indicating that the apoptosis rate of cells transfected with siRNA-afp was significantly higher than the other two groups. Furthermore, flow cytometry manifested approximately 20% more cells of siRNA-afp within G1 phase than those of the negative group, indicating that inhibition of AFP expression may cause G1 phase arrest. Finally, Western blot and RT-PCR assay demonstrated that siRNA-afp induced a higher expression of caspase-3 than the other two groups whereas there was no difference in expression of caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 between the three groups.