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Posaconazole, a triazole antifungal commonly used for the treatment and prevention of invasive fungal infections, is available in IV, oral suspension and oral delayed-release (DR) tablet formulations.[[1], [3]] Of the oral formulations, the DR tablet is favoured owing to its superior bioavailability, once-daily dosing and reliable absorption regardless of gastric acidity.[4] Even when dosed appropriately, posaconazole oral solution often does not achieve therapeutic levels.[5] This complicates administration in patients unable to swallow tablets whole and in whom long-term IV administration is undesirable. Additionally, two patients (Patients 3 and 6) were transitioned from twice-daily regimens on crushed DR tablets to equivalent doses administered whole. [Extracted from the article]

A new set of conditions was identified for the preparation of beta-aminoesters and amides that is heterogeneous catalysis with unprecedented diastereoselectivities and good substrate generality. This approach offers an alternative synthetic strategy to asymmetric hydrogenation methods.

This article highlights investigating intriguing number patterns utilizing an emerging technology called the Square Tool. Mathematics teachers of grades K–12 will find the Square Tool useful in making connections and bridging the gap from the concrete to the abstract. Pattern recognition helps students discover various mathematical concepts. With the development of puzzles, games, and computer programs, students have a chance to learn and practice the skills that are being created in the mathematics classrooms. By studying patterns that exist within different number arrangements, consistencies are observed among them. K– 12 students will investigate various mathematics relationships found in numbered squares including multiples, factors, ratios of comparative numbers, and other mathematical concepts K–12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In congenital stationary night blindness, type 2 (CSNB2)-a disorder involving the Ca v 1.4 (L-type) Ca 2+ channel-visual impairment is mild considering that Ca v 1.4 mediates synaptic release from rod and cone photoreceptors. Here, we addressed this conundrum using a Ca v 1.4 knockout (KO) mouse and a knock-in (G369i KI) mouse expressing a non-conducting Ca v 1.4. Surprisingly, Ca v 3 (T-type) Ca 2+ currents were detected in cones of G369i KI mice and Ca v 1.4 KO mice but not in cones of wild-type mouse, ground squirrels, and macaque retina. Whereas Ca v 1.4 KO mice are blind, G369i KI mice exhibit normal photopic (i.e. cone-mediated) visual behavior. Cone synapses, which fail to form in Ca v 1.4 KO mice, are present, albeit enlarged, and with some errors in postsynaptic wiring in G369i KI mice. While Ca v 1.4 KO mice lack evidence of cone synaptic responses, electrophysiological recordings in G369i KI mice revealed nominal transmission from cones to horizontal cells and bipolar cells. In CSNB2, we propose that Ca v 3 channels maintain cone synaptic output provided that the nonconducting role of Ca v 1.4 in cone synaptogenesis remains intact. Our findings reveal an unexpected form of homeostatic plasticity that relies on a non-canonical role of an ion channel., Competing Interests: JM, GO, Jd, AH, CG, SW, KR, DF, NS, DM, BZ, SD, MH, AL No competing interests declared, (© 2024, Maddox, Ordemann et al.)