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This study aims to investigate the relationship between the viscosity of Fe-4.5wt%C-0.2wt%Ti melt and its liquid structure. The actual experimental results of viscosity measurement reveal that the viscosity range of Fe-4.5wt%C-0.2wt%Ti melt can be segmented into three intervals. Through thermodynamically calculated equilibrium phases and high-temperature confocal experiments, it is observed that the abrupt change in viscosity in the lower temperature range is attributed to the precipitation of the graphite phase. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry experiments exhibit a distinct phase transition in the liquid phase region. To delve into the atomic structure of the liquid phase region, molecular dynamics simulations are employed. The high-temperature liquid structure of Fe-4.5wt%C-0.2wt%Ti melt predominantly consists of vacancies, atomic clusters with Ti as the core, and atomic clusters with C as the core. Within the high-temperature liquid phase region, the conversion of Free-Fe and C1-Fe to Cx-Fe occurs, resulting in a reduction of free volume and enhanced stability of the cluster. Consequently, the inhomogeneity of the Fe-4.5wt%C-0.2wt%Ti melt increases, and the viscosity exhibits a significant increase with temperature, leading to a variation in the viscosity within the liquid phase interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The average YS, UTS, and EL of modified N50 steel at liquid helium temperature are 1525 MPa, 1869 MPa, and 34.4 %, respectively. • Modified N50 steel exhibits a fully austenitic phase at cryogenic temperatures. • The relative magnetic permeability of modified N50 steel in a field of 65,000 Oe at 4 K is 1.00668. • The thermal contraction of modified N50 steel from 300 K to 4 K is about 0.2851 %. China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) has more advanced design parameters compared to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), particularly demanding a high yield strength (over 1500 MPa at 4.2 K) for jacket material in the cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC). Modified N50 austenitic steel, due to its excellent mechanical properties at liquid helium temperature, has been identified as a promising candidate material for the jacket material. However, while some research focuses on the mechanical properties of modified N50 steel at cryogenic temperatures, little is known about the cryogenic physical properties that are critical for conduit jacket applications. In this study, a modified N50 steel was prepared and characterized in terms of tensile properties and physical properties at cryogenic temperatures. We tested the tensile properties of the modified N50 at 4.2 K, 77 K, and room temperature (RT). Additionally, we measured the thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, and magnetization of the modified N50 from 4 K to 300 K. These results could provide a more comprehensive reference for applying the modified N50 steel in jacket materials for the CFETR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystallization of DNL-6, a silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) based molecular sieve with the RHO topology, was investigated under both the hydrothermal synthesis (HTS) and dry-gel conversion (DGC) conditions. Crystallization of DNL-6 under the HTS conditions is rather fast. But a combination of crystallization under the DGC conditions and reducing reaction temperature slow down the reactions, allowing for intermediates to be captured. Under the DGC conditions, DNL-6 crystallizes through a semi-crystalline layered phase. The nature of this intermediate is aluminophosphate (AlPO) rather than SAPO with most P atoms having a local environment of P(–O–Al)3(OH). The surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride) used for synthesis appears to be part of the layered intermediate. Si is directly incorporated in the DNL-6 framework via SM II mechanism when the semi-crystalline AlPO phase is transforming to DNL-6 with the assistance of a very small amount of water. Both the structure directing agent and the surfactant play a role in the formation of DNL-6, as they were found within the final synthesized products. SEM data show that hydrothermal synthesis produces a much more crystalline product. The facts that the semi-crystalline layered phase was also observed in the powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the solid samples obtained under the HTS conditions and that the evolution of the local structure around P and Al in the intermediate phases are similar imply that under the reaction conditions employed in the present study, the formation pathways of DNL-6 under the HTS and DGC conditions appear to have some similarities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This research sought to improve the ability of biocontrol yeast to suppress postharvest fungal disease and explore possible mechanisms of action. Methods and Results: The addition of 2% sodium glutamate (SG), which is edible and recognized as safe, enhances the inhibitory effect of Rhodosporidium paludigenum Fell & Tallman on Penicillium expansum in vivo and in vitro. Rhodosporidium paludigenum cells grown in medium with a final concentration of 2% SG, displayed viability under a variety of stress conditions, including sodium chloride (NaCl), calcofluor white (CFW), Congo red (CR) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Activity and relative gene expression levels of antioxidant‐related enzymes in R. paludigenum, including peroxisomal catalase (CAT), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were altered in the presence of SG. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased in cells grown in the presence of SG as well as the content of several amino acids. Conclusions: In the presence of 2% SG R. paludigenum inhibited P. expansum and exhibited tolerance to a number of stressful conditions which may involve the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and amino acids. Significance and Impact of the Study: The ability of culture conditions to enhance the fungal suppressive abilities of yeast has the potential to enhance the management of postharvest disease in fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sterols are a highly complex group of lipophilic compounds present in the unsaponifiable matter of virtually all living organisms. In this study, we developed a novel gas chromatography with mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) method for the comprehensive analysis of sterols after saponification and silylation. A new referencing system was introduced by means of a series of saturated fatty acid pyrrolidides (FAPs) as internal standards. Linked with retention time locking (RTL), the resulting FAP retention indices (RIFAP) of the sterols could be determined with high precision. The GC/MS-SIM method was based on the parallel measurement of 17 SIM ions in four time windows. This set included eight molecular ions and seven diagnostic fragment ions of silylated sterols as well as two abundant ions of FAPs. Altogether, twenty molecular ions of C27- to C31-sterols with 0–3 double bonds were included in the final method. Screening of four common vegetable oils (sunflower oil, hemp oil, rapeseed oil, and corn oil) enabled the detection of 30 different sterols and triterpenes most of which could be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heat transmission properties of the cooling stave were examined using a numerical simulation approach and compared with copper cooling stave and copper steel composite cooling stave under different furnace conditions and different structures. It is found that the existence of the steel layer greatly raises the maximum temperature of the cooling stave when no slag is present, and its hot surface temperature is 152 °C greater than that of the copper cooling stave. However, under typical operating conditions, the hot surface temperature of the steel layer is still below its limit working temperature of 470 °C. The temperature of the cooling stave rises with the temperature of the gas and the temperature of the inlet water and reduces with increasing water inlet velocity and slag thickness. To efficiently lower the temperature of the hot surface steel layer, the operation should ensure that the hot surface gas temperature is kept within 1300 °C, the cooling water speed is raised to 2.4 m/s, and the slag thickness should be set to 15 mm or higher. The optimal construction for a steel-copper-steel composite cooling stave is to keep the thickness of the steel layer at 11.9 mm and the thermal conductivity around 40 W/(m·K). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement brings new opportunities for the development of international air transportation. Faced with fierce competition, it is worth studying how hub airports should enhance competitiveness, and how low-cost carriers and full-service carriers should optimize the RCEP international airline network layout for better development. Aiming at providing suggestions for the development of hub airports, low-cost and full-service carriers in the RCEP international airline network, this paper identifies the hub airports, analyzes the layout of the RCEP international airline network, and the multi-layered characteristics based on an improved contribution matrix using data from 2010 to 2019 collected from the Official Airline Guide (OAG). This method comprehensively considers attributes of hub airports and the multi-layered characteristics of the airports and routes. The layout analysis indicates that the RCEP international transportation market presents a more open environment for competition and cooperation where base carriers are often the biggest supporters of hub construction. The multi-layered characteristics analysis reveals that low-cost carriers contribute more towards opening up new RCEP routes than full-service carriers. It is advised that carriers newly entering the RCEP international aviation transportation market and low-cost carriers dedicate to establishing new routes around their hub airports to monopolize this market and enhance their market share, whilst full-service carriers consolidate existing routes and increase route density to achieve economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Initial slag in pellet is formed through the diffusion of CaO into 2FeO·SiO 2. • Initial slag in sinter is formed through the diffusion of FeO into 2CaO·SiO 2. • The diffusion of Al 2 O 3 is less destructive to the original systems. • Poor diffusion capacity of MgO explains low Mg nature in cohesive zone slag. • Interaction is subdivided into formation interaction and component interaction. Several methods are conducted to reveal the formation mechanism of slag phase in cohesive zone. The notable diffusion capacity of CaO to 2FeO·SiO 2 and FeO to 2CaO·SiO 2 determines different pathway of initial slag formation in pellet and sinter, respectively. The less destructive effect of Al 2 O 3 on the original system makes FeO-CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 the dominant slag system in cohesive zone. Poor diffusion of MgO into 2FeO·SiO 2 and 2CaO·SiO 2 systems results in a low MgO content in cohesive zone slag. The formation process of interfacial slag is further subdivided into formation interaction and component interaction according to the formation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganisms with efficient organic matter degradation ability are essential for organic waste treatment. In this study, a thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus thermoliquefaciens, was identified to have excellent cellulase, amylase, and protease activity, and provided efficient degradation of food waste. This is the first report on the organic matter degradation potential of B. thermoliquefaciens. Using a "one-variable-at-a-time" approach and response surface methodology, the optimal culture conditions for B. thermoliquefaciens were determined to be a 5% inoculation level, 50 °C culture temperature, 25 mL filling volumes in 250 mL flasks, and 180 rpm shaking for 24 h. The optimized medium was formulated as 1 g Na2HPO4, 1 g KH2PO4, 0.05 g MgSO4, 3 g NaCl, 0.05 g CaCl2, 11.44 g wheat bran powder, 4.92 g soybean meal, and 1 L distilled water at pH 7.12. The maximum biomass attained was 1.57 ± 0.153 × 109 CFU/mL. The cost of this medium was 4.18 times less than that before optimization. This promising result lays a foundation for future industrial application of this bacterium to the degradation of organic waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of the zinc phosphido clusters [Zn2(µ‐PPh2)2(PPh2)2(NC5H5)2] (1) and [Zn4(µ‐PPh2)4(OAc)4(NC5H5)2] (2) is presented. The clusters are accessed via the reaction of Zn(OAc)2 with differing amounts of Me3SiPPh2. When 1 was heated under solvothermal conditions in pyridine, it yielded micrometer sized metallic zinc crystals via the reduction of ZnII by the diphenylphosphido ligands, forming tetraphenyldiphosphine as a by‐product. When white phosphorus (P4) was added to this reaction, soluble, micrometer‐sized aggregates of zinc phosphides were produced. Reacting 2 with P(SiMe3)3 at room temperature yields a mixture of phosphido and phosphinidene species. Under solvothermal conditions with P(SiMe3)3, tetraphenyldiphosphine was again observed together with aggregates of zinc phosphides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective synthesis of the zinc-acetato-phosphinidene cluster [Zn6(μ3-PSiMe3)4(OAc)4(NC5H5)5] 1 is presented. The cluster serves as a stable, single-source precursor to yield soluble zinc phosphide nanoparticles via P–Si bond activation and AcOSiMe3 elimination when heated in oleylamine or other donor solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article identifies, analyzes and evaluates this Mao-era literature with an eye towards determining its scholarly significance of future English-language studies and its impact on the progress in the realm of international law. It mentions Wuhan University and institutions in commemorating Zhou Gengsheng's 130th posthumous birthday. It also mentions U.S. Foreign Agents Registration Act which prohibits foreign lobbying except for bonafide religious scientific pursuits.

This paper describes the conformational analysis of 1,2-dichloroethane adsorbed into three different metal-organic frameworks, MIL-53(Al), MIL-68(In), MIL-53-NH 2 (Al), by using FT-Raman spectroscopy in combination with powder XRD and TGA. For non-polar frameworks, the main guest-host interactions are van der Waal interactions between the C H bonds of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and the π system of terephthalate ligands. The polar framework of MIL-53-NH 2 is able to stabilize the gauche conformation of DCE at room temperature. The conformational enthalpy of each system was determined through variable temperature FT-Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the line-width of the Raman bands provides information regarding the molecular motion of the halocarbons at various temperatures inside the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP) is a promising vaccine candidate for P. vivax malaria. Recently, we reported the epitopes on PvDBP region II (PvDBP-II) for three inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (2D10, 2H2, and 2C6). In this communication, we describe the combination of native mass spectrometry and ion mobility (IM) with collision induced unfolding (CIU) to study the conformation and stabilities of three malarial antigen-antibody complexes. These complexes, when collisionally activated, undergo conformational changes that depend on the location of the epitope. CIU patterns for PvDBP-II in complex with antibody 2D10 and 2H2 are highly similar, indicating comparable binding topology and stability. A different CIU fingerprint is observed for PvDBP-II/2C6, indicating that 2C6 binds to PvDBP-II on an epitope different from 2D10 and 2H2. This work supports the use of CIU as a means of classifying antigen-antibody complexes by their epitope maps in a high throughput screening workflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Polysorbate oxidation can potentially lead to protein degradation and loss of potency, which has been a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry for decades. Many factors have been reported to impact polysorbate oxidation rate, including types of elemental impurities, peroxide content, pH, light exposure, grades of polysorbate, etc. Even though there are many publications in this field, the impact of primary container closure system on PS80 oxidation has not been systematically studied or reported. The purpose of the current study is to close this gap. Methods: Placebo PS80 formulations were prepared and filled into different container-closure systems (CCS), including different types of glass vials and polymer vials. Oleic acid content was monitored on stability as a surrogate value for PS80 content, which will decline upon oxidation. ICP-MS analysis and metal spiking studies were carried out to correlate the PS80 oxidation rate with metals leached from primary containers. Results: PS80 degrades via oxidation at the fastest rate in glass vials with high coefficient of expansion (COE), followed by glass vials with low coefficient of expansion, while polymer vials minimized the oxidation of PS80 in most formulation conditions explored in this paper. ICP-MS analysis demonstrated that 1) 51 COE glass has more metal leachables than 33 COE glass in this study; and 2) More metal leachables correlates with faster PS80 oxidation. Metal spiking studies confirmed the hypothesis that aluminum and iron have a synergistic catalysis effect on PS80 oxidation. Conclusions: Primary containers of drug products play a significant role in the rate of PS80 oxidation. This study revealed a new major contributor to PS80 oxidation and potential mitigation strategy for biological drug products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy are susceptible to prolonged and severe neutropenia. Multiple biosimilar long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (LA-G-CSFs) have been developed to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. However, which LA-G-CSF is optimal remains inconclusive. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence supporting clinical decisions on LA-G-CSF dose escalation in poor conditions. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to identify the most effective and safe LA-G-CSF regimen and explore the feasibility of dose escalation. Our findings reveal that certain LA-G-CSFs significantly outperform others (including the guideline-recommended pegfilgrastim 6 mg). An increased LA-G-CSF dosage might enhance efficacy without additional severe adverse events. Our research offers essential insights into precise drug selection and personalized dosing in preventing post-chemotherapy neutropenia. However, further high-quality investigations into the efficacy and safety of the use of LA-G-CSFs are warranted in the future. Patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy are susceptible to prolonged and severe neutropenia. Multiple biosimilars of long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (LA-G-CSFs) have been newly developed to prevent this disease. Nonetheless, which LA-G-CSF regimen has the optimal balance of efficacy and safety remains controversial. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence supporting clinical decisions on LA-G-CSF dose escalation in poor conditions. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and several Chinese databases were searched (December 2022) to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about LA-G-CSFs preventing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in breast cancer patients. No restrictions were imposed on language. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed. We assessed the incidence of severe neutropenia (SN) and febrile neutropenia (FN), the duration of SN (DSN), and the absolute neutrophil account recovery time (ANCrt) for efficacy, while the incidence of severe adverse events (SAE) was assessed for safety. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022361606). A total of 33 RCTs were included. Our network meta-analysis demonstrated that lipegfilgrastim 6 mg and eflapegrastim 13.2 mg outperformed other LA-G-CSFs with high efficacy rates and few safety concerns (SUCRA of lipegfilgrastim 6 mg: ANC rt 95.2%, FN 97.4%; eflapegrastim 13.2 mg: FN 87%, SN 89.3%). Additionally, 3.6 mg, 4.5 mg, 6 mg, and 13.2 mg dosages all performed significantly better than 1.8 mg in reducing the duration of SN (3.6 mg: DSN, SMD −0.68 [−1.13, −0.22; moderate]; 4.5 mg: −0.87 [−1.57, −0.17; low]; 6 mg: −0.89 [−1.49, −0.29; moderate]; 13.2 mg: −1.02 [1.63, −0.41; high]). Increasing the dosage from the guideline-recommended 6 mg to 13.2 mg can reduce both the duration and incidence of SN (SMD −0.13 [−0.24 to −0.03], RR 0.65 [0.43 to 0.96], respectively), with no significant difference in SAE. For patients with breast cancer, lipegfilgrastim 6 mg and eflapegrastim 13.2 mg might be the most effective regimen among LA-G-CSFs. Higher doses of LA-G-CSF may enhance efficacy without causing additional SAEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate scientific evidence into policy decisions, a universal, integrate and rapid–calculation model is needed for estimating the air quality associated health co–benefits of climate change mitigation strategies. This study developed such a greenhouse gas policy assessment model (GHG–PAM) based upon the annually published energy balances tables. To examine the applicability of this model, we select Suzhou, one of the national low-carbon pilot cities located in the east of China, as a case study. It was determined that carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in Suzhou would increase from 148 million tons in 2010 to 297, 284, 180, and 173 million tons in 2020 under Business As Usual (BAU), Industrial Structure Dominated (ISD), Technology Dominated (TD), and Integrate Carbon Reduction (ICR) scenarios, of which only ICR scenario meets its carbon intensity target. Under the ICR scenario, the implementation of greenhouse gas policies reduces the air pollution associated burden of diseases, measured by Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY), by 44.1% in 2020 compared to BAU, although even with this scenario the burden of diseases would still be higher than that in 2010. In addition, the model can also identify sectors and industries with greater health co–benefits per unit CO 2 emission reduction, which provides a useful guide for Suzhou's climate policy makers to formulate cost–effective measures. However, it should be carefully used where there is a mismatch between sectors with high potential for CO 2 emission reductions and sectors with high health co–benefits per unit CO 2 emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While recent assessments have quantified the burden of air pollution at the national scale in China, air quality managers would benefit from assessments that disaggregate health impacts over regions and over time. We took advantage of a new 10 × 10 km satellite-based PM 2.5 dataset to analyze spatial and temporal trends of air pollution health impacts in China, from 2004 to 2012. Results showed that national PM 2.5 related deaths from stroke, ischemic heart disease and lung cancer increased from approximately 800,000 cases in 2004 to over 1.2 million cases in 2012. The health burden exhibited strong spatial variations, with high attributable deaths concentrated in regions including the Beijing–Tianjin Metropolitan Region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Sichuan Basin, Shandong, Wuhan Metropolitan Region, Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan, Henan, and Anhui, which have heavy air pollution, high population density, or both. Increasing trends were found in most provinces, but with varied growth rates. While there was some evidence for improving air quality in recent years, this was offset somewhat by the countervailing influences of in–migration together with population growth. We recommend that priority areas for future national air pollution control policies be adjusted to better reflect the spatial hotspots of health burdens. Satellite-based exposure and health impact assessments can be a useful tool for tracking progress on both air quality and population health burden reductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous vinpocetine administration as part of a comprehensive treatment for acute cerebral infarction in a Chinese population. Methods: 610 acute cerebral infarction patients were randomized into two groups: the vinpocetine group (469 patients) received cytidine disphosphate choline 0.4-0.5 g in combination with aspirin 75-100 mg or clopidogrel 75 mg once daily, plus vinpocetine 30 mg intravenously once daily for 7 days, while the control group (141 patients) received cytidine disphosphate choline 0.4-0.5 g in combination with aspirin 75-100 mg or clopidogrel 75 mg once daily for 7 days. Additionally, patients received medications for symptoms such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and intracranial hypertension when necessary. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale, and Barthel Index (BI) scores and transcranial doppler (TCD) were assessed at baseline, 7, 14, and 90 days after treatment. Adverse events (AEs) and abnormalities in blood, urine, liver, and kidney function were monitored. Results: MMSE, NIHSS, and BI scores were significantly higher in the vinpocetine group than in the control group 90 days after treatment, indicating significantly improved cognitive skill, neurological function, and quality of life (QOL) in the vinpocetine group versus the control group. Importantly, such effects of vinpocetine were maintained over time. In addition, TCD monitoring showed significantly increased cerebral blood flow associated with vinpocetine versus control. No significant difference in safety was noted between the two groups. Conclusions: When used as part of treatment for acute cerebral infarction, vinpocetine improves patients' cerebral blood flow, cognitive quality, neurological functions, and QOL. Vinpocetine could be an effective and safe component of treatment regimen for acute cerebral infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Black rice (Oryza sativa L.), whose pericarp is rich in anthocyanins (ACNs), is considered as a healthier alternative to white rice. Molecular species of ACNs in black rice have been well documented in previous studies; however, information about the metabolic mechanisms underlying ACN biosynthesis during black rice grain development is unclear. Results: The aim of the present study was to determine changes in the metabolic pathways that are involved in the dynamic grain proteome during the development of black rice indica cultivar, (Oryza sativa L. indica var. SSP). Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) MS/MS were employed to identify statistically significant alterations in the grain proteome. Approximately 928 proteins were detected, of which 230 were differentially expressed throughout 5 successive developmental stages, starting from 3 to 20 days after flowering (DAF). The greatest number of differentially expressed proteins was observed on 7 and 10 DAF, including 76 proteins that were upregulated and 39 that were downregulated. The biological process analysis of gene ontology revealed that the 230 differentially expressed proteins could be sorted into 14 functional groups. Proteins in the largest group were related to metabolic process, which could be integrated into multiple biochemical pathways. Specifically, proteins with a role in ACN biosynthesis, sugar synthesis, and the regulation of gene expression were upregulated, particularly from the onset of black rice grain development and during development. In contrast, the expression of proteins related to signal transduction, redox homeostasis, photosynthesis and N-metabolism decreased during grain maturation. Finally, 8 representative genes encoding different metabolic proteins were verified via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, these genes had differed in transcriptional and translational expression during grain development. Conclusions: Expression analyses of metabolism-related protein groups belonging to different functional categories and subcategories indicated that significantly upregulated proteins were related to flavonoid and starch synthesis. On the other hand, the downregulated proteins were determined to be related to nitrogen metabolism, as well as other functional categories and subcategories, including photosynthesis, redox homeostasis, tocopherol biosynthetic, and signal transduction. The results provide valuable new insights into the characterization and understanding of ACN pigment production in black rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first example of high-silica and siliceous zeolite synthesis in the urea/choline chloride mixture as a deep eutectic solvent (DES) using F- as the mineralizing agent. A urea/choline chloride mixture was previously used as solvent to prepare AlPO4-based microporous materials SIZ-2 and AlPO-CJ2. However, generating these materials depends on the formation of ammonium ion as a structure-directing agent (SDA) that is the side product of urea decomposition. In the present study, we show that several highly siliceous zeolites with targeted topologies (MFI, BEA, MEL, and MTN) can be purposely synthesized by adding SDAs of choice rather than relying on solvent decomposition. The Si atoms in zeolite Beta synthesized in a urea/choline chloride mixture exhibit exceptionally high local ordering as shown in a 29Si MAS NMR spectrum. The synthesis of ZSM-11 using eutectic solvents or ionic liquid has not been reported. The major challenge in ZSM-11 synthesis is the intergrown structure formed with ZSM-5 due to the high similarity in their topologies. The present work shows that preparation of pure ZSM-11 can be achieved in urea/choline chloride DES using either DPHMII or DECDMPI as SDA. Using a urea/choline chloride mixture rather than alcohol-based traditional nonaqueous solvents is the key for the success of preparing phase-pure ZSM-11 free of any MFI intergrowths. This is because some alcohols can serve as SDA for MFI. The use of urea/choline chloride based DES eliminates the potential templateing effect of solvent for MFI formation. For MTN zeolite, morphology may be controlled in urea/choline chloride by choosing different SDAs. The disadvantage of this system is the long reaction times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yeast Ipi3p is required for DNA replication and cell viability in Sacharomyces cerevisiae. It is an essential component of the Rix1 complex (Rix1p/Ipi2p-Ipi1p-Ipi3p) that is required for the processing of 35S pre-rRNA in pre-60S ribosomal particles and for the initiation of DNA replication. The human IPI3 homolog is WDR18 (WD repeat domain 18), which shares significant homology with yIpi3p. Here we report that knockdown of hIPI3 resulted in substantial defects in the chromatin association of the MCM complex, DNA replication, cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Importantly, hIPI3 silencing did not result in a reduction of the protein level of hCDC6, hMCM7, or the ectopically expressed GFP protein, indicating that protein synthesis was not defective in the same time frame of the DNA replication and cell cycle defects. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of hIPI3 fluctuate in the cell cycle, with the highest levels from M phase to early G1 phase, similar to other pre-replicative (pre-RC) proteins. Moreover, hIPI3 interacts with other replication-initiation proteins, co-localizes with hMCM7 in the nucleus, and is important for the nuclear localization of hMCM7. We also found that hIPI3 preferentially binds to the origins of DNA replication including those at the c-Myc, Lamin-B2 and β-Globin loci. These results indicate that hIPI3 is involved in human DNA replication licensing independent of its role in ribosome biogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular sieves such as zeolites and aluminophosphates are industrially important materials that are usually prepared under hydrothermal conditions. Recent years have seen the development of a new ionothermal synthetic method, where an ionic liquid or a deep eutectic mixture is used as the medium for synthesizing these microporous materials. Although many ionothermal syntheses of aluminophosphate based molecular sieves have recently been described, the ionothermal preparation of highly siliceous or completely siliceous zeolites is rare. The present work focuses on the ionothermal synthesis of zeolites using several tetraalkylammonium salt/alcohol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). ZSM-5 can be synthesized using a mixture containing tetrapropylammonium bromide or tetraethylammonium chloride and pentaerythritol. The effects of many variables have been studied, including the silica source, seeding, mineralizing agent, and aluminum additives, along with the structure directing role of tetraalkylammonium ions and the amount of water present in the reaction. In the tetramethylammonium chloride and 1,6-hexanediol DES, the mineralizing agent plays an important role in the type of framework being formed. Sodalite was produced when NaOH was used as the mineralizing agent, while ZSM-39 was synthesized when NH 4 F was present instead. These results demonstrate that tetraalkylammonium salt/alcohol-based DESs can be used to prepare highly siliceous and aluminosilicate zeolites. The use of DES enables control over zeolite morphology. A proper choice of DES can also lead to enhanced local ordering around Si in a siliceous zeolite. For some DESs, changing the mineralizing agent can yield different zeolite frameworks. The potential of this approach is to produce zeolites with new framework topologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale Controversy exists over the optimal dose of intravenous (iv) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt- PA) and degree of blood pressure ( BP) control in acute ischaemic stroke ( AIS). Asian studies suggest low-dose (0·6 mg/kg) is more efficacious than standard-dose (0·9 mg/kg) iv rt- PA, and guidelines recommend reducing systolic BP to <185 mmHg before and <180 mmHg after use of iv rt- PA, despite observational studies indicating better outcomes at much lower (<140 mmHg) systolic BP levels in this patient group. Aims The study aims to assess in thrombolysis-eligible AIS patients whether: (i) low-dose (0·6 mg/kg body weight; maximum 60 mg) iv rt- PA has non-inferior efficacy and lower risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) compared to standard-dose (0·9 mg/kg body weight; maximum 90 mg) iv rt- PA; and (ii) early intensive BP lowering (systolic target 130-140 mmHg) has superior efficacy and lower risk of any ICH compared to guideline-recommended BP control (systolic target < 180 mmHg). Design The ENhanced Control of Hypertension And Thrombolysis strokE stuDy ( ENCHANTED) trial is an independent,2 × 2 quasi-factorial, active-comparison, prospective, randomized, open blinded endpoint ( PROBE), clinical trial that is evaluating Arm [A] 'rt- PA dose' and/or Arm [ B] ' BP control', using central Internet randomization and data collection in patients fulfilling local criteria for thrombolysis and clinician uncertainty over the study treatments. The treatment arms will be analyzed separately. Study outcomes The primary study outcome in both trial Arms is death or disability according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS, scores 2-6) assessed at 90 days. Secondary outcomes include sICH, any ICH, a shift ('improvement') in function across mRS scores, separately on death and disability, early neurological deterioration, recurrent major vascular events, health-related quality of life, length of hospital stay, need for permanent residential care, and health care costs. Results Following launch of the trial in February 2012, the study has recruited more than 2500 patients across a global network of approximately 100 sites in 15 countries. The required sample sizes are 3300 for Arm [A] and 2300 for Arm [ B], which will provide >90% power to detect non-inferiority of low-dose iv rt- PA and superiority of intensive BP lowering on the primary clinical outcome, respectively. Conclusions Low-dose iv rt- PA and early intensive BP lowering could provide more affordable and safer use of thrombolysis treatment for patients with AIS worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giant electrorheological fluid (GERF) is a type of smart fluid with mechanical properties that vary with an applied electric field. GERF has three main basic working modes: shear mode, flow mode and squeeze mode. Previous studies have mainly focused on the shear mode and flow mode; thus, studies on the squeeze mode are insufficient due to its complexity during motion. In this paper, a GERF regulator for tuning stiffness and damping is designed and the mechanical properties of GERF working under multilayered squeeze mode is analyzed. First, a device based on GERF under the multilayered structure is design and the schematic is described. Second, a mathematical model for describing the behaviors of GERF device under multilayered squeeze mode is established. Then, the mechanical properties of the device are measured. The parameters in the model are analyzed in detail, and regression models are made. The error under various excitation conditions is found to be under 20%, and the accuracy of the model is verified. Finally, experiments verifying the properties of vibration suppression are performed. The results show that the stiffness and damping adjustability of the device based on multilayered squeeze mode are 571.2 times and 3.0 times when the applied voltage is from 0 kV to 1.2 kV, respectively. It made the proposed GERF device can be a stiffness and damping regulator, which indicates its potential in the field of engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A highly solar active N-rich g-C 3 N 5 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 heterostructure was synthesized. • The interlayer stacking and extra N in triazine decreased the CB of N-rich g-C 3 N 5. • The matched energy band structure offered remarkable charge separation. • The role of promoted charge separation exceeds the extended visible utilization. • The degradation pathway and toxicity evolution of sulfathiazole were revealed. A novel g-C 3 N 5 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 surface heterojunction was developed via in-situ growth of Bi-rich Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 on g-C 3 N 5 nanosheets. The optimal composite achieved 3.6- and 16.0- times of sulfathiazole (STZ) degradation activity when compared with pristine Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 and g-C 3 N 5. The interlayer stacking morphology and extra nitrogen in triazine units significantly narrowed the conduction band of g-C 3 N 5 , which greatly promoted its visible utilization; while the bismuth-rich property of Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 prolonged the excited charge carrier lifetime. Both photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the type-II surface heterojunction (g-C 3 N 5 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2) offered remarkable charge transfer and separation due to the matched energy band structure. The STZ degradation mechanism and pathways were proposed based on experiments and density functional theory calculation, and the contribution of reactive species for STZ degradation followed the order of O 2 ∙ - > h+ >OH. Moreover, the toxicity evolution of STZ was evaluated, suggesting that sufficient mineralization is required to ensure safe discharge. The Box-Behnken experimental design methodology study revealed that g-C 3 N 5 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 exhibited high reactivity for antibiotics degradation under different water matrix. This study suggested that g-C 3 N 5 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 has great application potential for cost-effective remediation of persistent organic contaminants by using solar light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] SAPO-5 formation was studied by three dry-gel conversion (DGC) methods. [•] Si incorporation follows different mechanisms depending on the DGC method used. [•] Concentration and type of Si species in SAPO-5 can be controlled by DGC methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new type of porous materials with numerous current and potential applications in many areas including ion-exchange, catalysis, sensing, separation, molecular recognition, drug delivery and, in particular, gas storage. Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) has played a pivotal role in structural characterization and understanding of host–guest interactions in MOFs. This article provides an overview on application of SSNMR to MOF systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The formation of microporous molecular sieve AlPO4-18 under the dry gel conversion (DGC) conditions was examined. The evolution of the dry gel was monitored by powder XRD, SEM and, in particular, solid-state NMR techniques. The results show that the aluminophosphate (AlPO) amorphous dry gel is first converted to a layered AlPO phase. The layered intermediate has some resemblances to AlPO4-18 and is held together by very weak non-bonding interactions. Continuous heating results in the transformation of this layered phase into AlPO4-18 via reorganizations and condensations of P and Al sites. Three non-equivalent P sites of AlPO4-18 develop at different rates during the evolution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Natural abundance 25Mg solid-state magic-angle spinning and static NMR spectra of several representative layered magnesium phosphates were acquired at 21.1 and 9.4 T by using quadrupolar echo and double-frequency sweep quadrupolar Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequences. The spectra were dominated by the second-order quadrupolar interaction. The electric field gradient tensor parameters were extracted from the spectra via spectral simulations. These parameters, such as the quadrupolar coupling constant ( CQ), appear to be sensitive to some parameters describing the distortion of the MgO6 octahedron in the layer. The empirical relationships between CQ and several structural parameters were established and used to obtain partial information on the Mg environment in a layered material (MgHPO4·1.2H2O) with unknown structure. Theoretical calculations suggest that the CQ values of the Mg sites are affected not only by the oxygen atoms in the first coordination sphere, but also by the spatial arrangements of the atoms in the second and third coordination spheres and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The infrared and Raman spectra of crystalline tetra-n-propylammonium bromide, (n-C3H7)4NBr, have been measured in the 3000 – 700cm−1 region and vibrational assignments are proposed in part on the basis of the known crystal structure. Pressure-tuning infrared and Raman studies of this material were also undertaken using a diamond-anvil cell. There is a pressure-induced phase transition occurring between 1.8 and 2.1GPa, which is most likely a second-order transition. Some differences are noted between the infrared data reported here and those given in an earlier high-pressure infrared study. The spectroscopic results will be useful in examining zeolites involving (n-C3H7)4NBr as a template. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Angiogenin (ANG) is a potent angiogenic factor. The purposes of this study were to observe the change of the expression level of ANG and to identify the cell types that express ANG in the focal ischemic rat brain. The rat brain ischemia-reperfusion model was produced by a 2h occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery with a nylon thread followed by reperfusion for 1day, 3days, 7days or 14days. The expression levels of ANG in the rat brain at each time points were determined by western blotting. The co-staining of ANG with NeuN was observed using double immunofluorescent labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscope. We found that the expression level of ANG increased significantly in the rat brain 1day, 3days, and 7days after ischemia (P <0.05), and peaked 3days after ischemia. Double immunofluorescent labeling showed that ANG positive cells were mostly co-stained with NeuN. Our observations suggest that the level of ANG increased significantly in the rat brain after ischemia. The upregulated ANG was mostly expressed by neurons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Several Si and Co substituted AlPO4-based molecular sieves with AFI, AEL and CHA structures including SAPO-n and CoAPO-n (where n =5, 11 and 34) have been synthesized under dry gel conversion (DGC) conditions by using the pre-prepared AlPO-based precursors which have been demonstrated previously to be structurally related to the target molecular sieves. We show that highly crystalline SAPO-n and CoAPO-n can be prepared by this approach. Unlike conventional DGC method where the Si source is mixed with P and Al sources at the very beginning to form an initial amorphous dry gel, in this work the Si is slowly introduced to the surface of the dry powder of the semi-crystalline or crystalline AlPO-based precursor via vapor phase, and subsequently incorporated into the framework gradually. The Si environments in the SAPOs prepared by this approach appear to be more diversified compared to those in the corresponding sieves made by the normal hydrothermal synthesis (HTS) method. One feature of this synthesis is that the Si substitution in the lattice may only occur at some specific positions. This is due to the fact that since certain P sites in the precursors are directly carried into the framework of the final sieves, they are not available for Si incorporation. This finding may have implication to the locations of the catalytic sites in the SAPO-based catalysts. Similarly, for CoAPO-n, the Co source was mixed with the preformed AlPO-based precursor before DGC treatment. CoAPO-5 has a higher degree of the Co incorporation than that of the CoAPO-5 made under normal HTS conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Background: Most patients who have had a stroke are given aspirin; however, aspirin-related cerebral haemorrhage is a complication that is currently of concern, particularly in China where there is a high incidence of cerebral haemorrhage in secondary prevention programmes and within the community. Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor, is an alternative to aspirin that works through a different mechanism. This trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of cilostazol with that of aspirin for the long-term prevention of the recurrence of ischaemic stroke. Methods: 720 patients (mean age 60·2 years, SD 9·86) who had had an ischaemic stroke within the previous 1–6 months were enrolled consecutively in a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, randomised trial. 360 patients were randomly assigned to receive cilostazol and 360 patients to receive aspirin. Analysis was by intention to treat. Patients in both groups took the medication for 12–18 months. The primary endpoint was any recurrence of stroke (ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, or subarachnoid haemorrhage) during the trial period. All patients had MRI with T1 MRI, T2 MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and T2 gradient echo imaging (T2*) at the beginning and the end of the study. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00202020. Findings: The average duration of treatment was 740 person-years, and 719 patients were analysed (360 in the cilostazol group and 359 in the aspirin group). The primary endpoint was reported in 12 patients in the cilostazol group and in 20 patients in the aspirin group. The estimated hazard ratio, calculated with Kaplan–Meier curves (risk of primary endpoint in cilostazol group vs aspirin group), was 0·62 (95% CI 0·30–1·26; p=0·185). Symptomatic cerebral haemorrhage was reported in six patients: one in the cilostazol group and five in the aspirin group. Asymptomatic cerebral haematoma was found in four patients in the aspirin group and one patient in the cilostazol group. Brain bleeding events were significantly more common in the aspirin group than in the cilostazol group (7 vs 1, p=0·034). All of the six patients with symptomatic haemorrhage had previous cerebral microbleeds in the area where the haematoma was located. Interpretation: The results of this pilot study showed no significant difference in the rate of recurrence of stroke between patients with ischaemic stroke who were randomly assigned to take either cilostazol or aspirin. The lower rates of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in the cilostazol group suggest that cilostazol might be a more effective and safer alternative to aspirin for Chinese patients with ischaemic stroke; however, a larger phase III trial is required to confirm this. Funding: National Health Ministry of the People''s Republic of China; Otsuka Pharmaceutical. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Background: There is much uncertainty about the effects of early lowering of elevated blood pressure (BP) after acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Our aim was to assess the safety and efficiency of this treatment, as a run-in phase to a larger trial. Methods: Patients who had acute spontaneous ICH diagnosed by CT within 6 h of onset, elevated systolic BP (150–220 mm Hg), and no definite indication or contraindication to treatment were randomly assigned to early intensive lowering of BP (target systolic BP 140 mm Hg; n=203) or standard guideline-based management of BP (target systolic BP 180 mm Hg; n=201). The primary efficacy endpoint was proportional change in haematoma volume at 24 h; secondary efficacy outcomes included other measurements of haematoma volume. Safety and clinical outcomes were assessed for up to 90 days. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00226096. Findings: Baseline characteristics of patients were similar between groups, but mean haematoma volumes were smaller in the guideline group (12·7 mL, SD 11·6) than in the intensive group (14·2 mL, SD 14·5). From randomisation to 1 h, mean systolic BP was 153 mm Hg in the intensive group and 167 mm Hg in the guideline group (difference 13·3 mm Hg, 95% CI 8·9–17·6 mm Hg; p<0·0001); from 1 h to 24 h, BP was 146 mm Hg in the intensive group and 157 mm Hg in the guideline group (10·8 mm Hg, 95% CI 7·7–13·9 mm Hg; p<0·0001). Mean proportional haematoma growth was 36·3% in the guideline group and 13·7% in the intensive group (difference 22·6%, 95% CI 0·6–44·5%; p=0·04) at 24 h. After adjustment for initial haematoma volume and time from onset to CT, median haematoma growth differed between the groups with p=0·06; the absolute difference in volume between groups was 1·7 mL (95% CI −0·5 to 3·9, p=0·13). Relative risk of haematoma growth ≥33% or ≥12·5 mL was 36% lower (95% CI 0–59%, p=0·05) in the intensive group than in the guideline group. The absolute risk reduction was 8% (95% CI −1·0 to 17%, p=0·05). Intensive BP-lowering treatment did not alter the risks of adverse events or secondary clinical outcomes at 90 days. Interpretation: Early intensive BP-lowering treatment is clinically feasible, well tolerated, and seems to reduce haematoma growth in ICH. A large randomised trial is needed to define the effects on clinical outcomes across a broad range of patients with ICH. Funding: National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background and purpose: The objective of this study is to determine if and how cerebral blood flow velocity and stroke risk factors are related in a stroke free population. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 1323 stroke-free subjects, aged 42–73 years, from a county region in China. Systolic blood flow velocities in cerebral arteries were detected with trans-cranial Doppler. Key factors, such as anthropometry, life-style, medication use, blood pressure and blood biochemical analysis were investigated at the same time. Results: In women, even controlled for major cardiovascular risk factors, cerebral blood flow velocities of common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral arteries decreased significantly with age (from 43.8 to 39.3, 48.0 to 42.6, 97.7 to 82.8, 79.2 to 69.4 and 44.1 to 39.7cm/s in the range of 42–73 years old, p <0.01 for each). In men, however, this inverse trend only existed in common carotid artery (from 45.6 to 41.7cm/s, p <0.01). Multivariate regression showed that most established cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and overweight/obesity) were associated with decreased blood flow velocity in the extra-cranial arteries. However, this association was not present (e.g. diabetes and overweight/obesity) or was inversed (e.g. hypertension and hypercholesterolemia) in the intra-cranial arteries. Conclusion: Extra-cranial blood flow velocity is significantly and inversely related to age and cardiovascular risk factors. The relationship between intra-cranial blood flow and risk factors changes and may depend on gender. These finding may have importance in the determination of mechanisms of stroke. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The adsorption of three (p-, m-, o-) xylene isomers inside zeolite Y with different charge balancing cations including Na+, K+, Ba2+ was studied by FT-Raman spectroscopy. Our Raman data indicate the formation of a π-complex between the xylene and cation as evidenced by observing the weakening of the C–C bonds in the aromatic ring. The strong interaction between a sorbate and a cation results in that the methyl groups of xylene are forced to interact with the local zeolite framework, namely, the six-membered ring that plays host to the cation, leading to an increase in vibrational frequency of methyl groups, upon adsorption. For a given cation, no significant differences were observed for the strength of interaction with any of the three isomers at a loading of 1 molecule per supercage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The IR spectra of siliceous zeolite Y were measured as a function of external pressure. The results indicate that the siliceous zeolite Y undergoes pressure-induced amorphization. This phase transformation seems to be driven by the severe distortion of double six-membered rings joining the adjacent sodalite cages to form the zeolitic lattice. Unlike hydrated zeolite NaY and structurally related zeolite NaA, the amorphization is irreversible due to the lack of hydrated charge balancing cations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• 0.1 % N-acetylglucosamine enhanced the antagonism of Rhodosporidium paludigenum against Penicillium expansum. • N-acetylglucosamine boosted the vitality of R. paludigenum under stress conditions. • N-acetylglucosamine activated antioxidant-related enzymes of R. paludigenum. On the way to impel Rhodosporidium paludigenum to behave like a serviceable and beneficial biocontrol antagonist, it was found that adding different concentrations of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) during the culture can reduce the incidence of pears caused by Penicillium expansum. 0.1 % GlcNAc is an optimal concentration in the range of 0.001 %–2 %. R. paludigenum , cultivated and gathered from the medium with a final concentration of 0.1 % GlcNAc, declared the best impact on restraint on P. expansum on pears. This inhibitory effect is analogous to the consequence of spore germination experiments in vitro. The R. paludigenum gathered after GlcNAc induction, at the same time, displayed exceptional viability and vigour under different stress conditions, including sodium chloride (NaCl), calcofluor white (CFW), Congo red (CR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The enzyme activity and the relative gene expression levels of some antioxidant-related enzymes in R. paludigenum , including peroxisomal catalase (CAT), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were detected to be up-regulated in further testing. At the same time, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) remained at a low status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key corrosive media and coupling corrosion mechanism in waste incinerators were investigated. The presence of H 2 O(g) and the fluctuation of HCl/SO 2 concentration significantly affect corrosion by affecting chemical reactions rather than molten phase formation·H 2 O(g) had higher adsorption energy (−40.67 kJ/mol) on NaCl (100) surface than O 2 (−7.95 kJ/mol), generating more HCl than Cl 2 and inhibiting corrosion. Oxidation of HCl was catalyzed by alkali salts in waste incineration ash, enhancing the production of Cl 2 by 110% and accelerating corrosion. SO 2 participated in the sulfidation of NaCl/KCl to form Cl 2 and increased the corrosion weight gain by about 1–2.5 times. [Display omitted] • H2O(g)/HCl/SO2 are the key corrosive media during gas-deposit coupling corrosion. • H2O(g) is preferentially adsorbed on NaCl(100) than O2, thus inhibiting corrosion. • Alkali salts catalyze the conversion of HCl to Cl2(+110%) and accelerated corrosion. • SO2 promoted NaCl/KCl sulfidation and enhanced the corrosion rate by 1–2.5 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association of a broad spectrum of infectious diseases with cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear. Objectives: We aim to provide the cardiovascular risk profiles associated with a wide range of infectious diseases and explore the extent to which infections reduce life expectancy. Methods: We ascertained exposure to 900+ infectious diseases before cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset in 453,102 participants from the UK Biobank study. Time‐varying Cox proportional hazard models were used. Life table was used to estimate the life expectancy of individuals aged ≥50 with different levels of infection burden (defined as the number of infection episodes over time and the number of co‐occurring infections). Results: Infectious diseases were associated with a greater risk of CVD events (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.79 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.74–1.83]). For type‐specific analysis, bacterial infection with sepsis had the strongest risk of CVD events [aHR 4.76 (4.35–5.20)]. For site‐specific analysis, heart and circulation infections posed the greatest risk of CVD events [aHR 4.95 (95% CI 3.77–6.50)], whereas noncardiac infections also showed excess risk [1.77 (1.72–1.81)]. Synergistic interactions were observed between infections and genetic risk score. A dose–response relationship was found between infection burden and CVD risks (p‐trend <0.001). Infection burden >1 led to a CVD‐related life loss at age 50 by 9.3 years [95% CI 8.6–10.3]) for men and 6.6 years [5.5–7.8] for women. Conclusions: The magnitude of the infection‐CVD association showed specificity in sex, pathogen type, infection burden, and infection site. High genetic risk and infection synergistically increased the CVD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Antimicrobial peptides Ac -AMP2 and MiAMP1 were overexpressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. • Ac -AMP2 and MiAMP1 inhibited the growth of Penicillium expansum in vivo and in vitro. • The recombinant strain GS115/ Ac -AMP2 and GS115/MiAMP1 could resist against the P.expansum in pears. The alteration of safety-secured yeast is a crucial step before scale applications. Based on previous studies, Pichia pastoris showed great potential and value to improve its biocontrol ability. The original sequences of antimicrobial peptide Ac -AMP2 and MiAMP1 were optimized according to the preference of Pichia pastoris and ligated into pPICZαA plasmid which is emerged as a high-performance vector for transformation and expression. The results of RT-qPCR and Western blotting could imply that pPICZαA/ Ac -AMP2 and pPICZαA/MiAMP1 were successfully overexpressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The peptide concentration of GS115/ Ac -AMP2 reached a maximum value of 210 mg L−1 at 60 h while GS115/MiAMP1 was 220 mg L−1 at 96 h. The biocontrol experiment indicated that the recombinant strain GS115/ Ac -AMP2 and GS115/MiAMP1 could highly suppress the pathogen Penicillium expansum in vivo, which was respectively 42 % (GS115/ Ac -AMP2) and 29.2 % (GS115/MiAMP1) of incidence disease lower than the sterile distilled water treatment. In the case of the experimental results considered, the modified GS115/ Ac -AMP2 and GS115/MiAMP1 might be promising biological agent in postharvest applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the transcranial Doppler characteristics of cerebral circulation in persistent vegetative status locked-in syndrome and brain death patients in China. Detection on the flow velocity and waveform patterns of cerebral artery; Decrease of posterior circulation in locked-in syndrome; Clinical criteria considered in the diagnosis of brain death.

Measures the phosphorus-31 chemical shift anisotropies in solid, octahedral chromium(0) triphenylphosphine derivatives. Occurrence of the major changes in the shift tensors; Determination of the crystal structure of a triphenylphosphine derivatives; Measurement of the P shielding tensors for the chromium(0) complexes.

Investigates the variation of the principal components of the shift tensor with changes in the molecular structure of solid triphenyl phosphite. Anisotropy parameters for tertiary phospines and their complexes with transition metals; Factors complicating the determination of the shift anisotropies of nuclei bonded to transition metal atoms.

Cover Feature: Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Zinc-Diarylphosphido Clusters with Phosphorus Precursors (Eur. J. Inorg. The 8-membered ring in the Zn SB 4 sb P SB 4 sb cluster adopts a boat-boat conformation in the solid state. The 8-membered ring in the Zn SB 4 sb P SB 4 sb cluster adopts a boat-boat conformation in the solid state. [Extracted from the article]

An introduction is presented in which editor discusses articles in issue on topics including new crystalline form of hydrated calcium aluminate; chemistry of reactions between H and D atoms and cyclic and paraffin hydrocarbons; and use in local spin density functional calculations on molecules.

Halide solid electrolytes (SEs) have attracted significant attention due to their competitive ionic conductivity and good electrochemical stability. Among typical halide SEs (chlorides, bromides, and iodides), substantial efforts have been dedicated to chlorides or bromides, with iodide SEs receiving less attention. Nevertheless, compared with chlorides or bromides, iodides have both a softer Li sublattice and lower reduction limit, which enable iodides to possess potentially high ionic conductivity and intrinsic anti‐reduction stability, respectively. Herein, we report a new series of iodide SEs: LixYI3+x (x=2, 3, 4, or 9). Through synchrotron X‐ray/neutron diffraction characterizations and theoretical calculations, we revealed that the LixYI3+x SEs belong to the high‐symmetry cubic structure, and can accommodate abundant vacancies. By manipulating the defects in the iodide structure, balanced Li‐ion concentration and generated vacancies enables an optimized ionic conductivity of 1.04 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C for Li4YI7. Additionally, the promising Li‐metal compatibility of Li4YI7 is demonstrated via electrochemical characterizations (particularly all‐solid‐state Li‐S batteries) combined with interface molecular dynamics simulations. Our study on iodide SEs provides deep insights into the relation between high‐symmetry halide structures and ionic conduction, which can inspire future efforts to revitalize halide SEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide solid electrolytes (SEs) have attracted significant attention due to their competitive ionic conductivity and good electrochemical stability. Among typical halide SEs (chlorides, bromides, and iodides), substantial efforts have been dedicated to chlorides or bromides, with iodide SEs receiving less attention. Nevertheless, compared with chlorides or bromides, iodides have both a softer Li sublattice and lower reduction limit, which enable iodides to possess potentially high ionic conductivity and intrinsic anti‐reduction stability, respectively. Herein, we report a new series of iodide SEs: LixYI3+x (x=2, 3, 4, or 9). Through synchrotron X‐ray/neutron diffraction characterizations and theoretical calculations, we revealed that the LixYI3+x SEs belong to the high‐symmetry cubic structure, and can accommodate abundant vacancies. By manipulating the defects in the iodide structure, balanced Li‐ion concentration and generated vacancies enables an optimized ionic conductivity of 1.04 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C for Li4YI7. Additionally, the promising Li‐metal compatibility of Li4YI7 is demonstrated via electrochemical characterizations (particularly all‐solid‐state Li‐S batteries) combined with interface molecular dynamics simulations. Our study on iodide SEs provides deep insights into the relation between high‐symmetry halide structures and ionic conduction, which can inspire future efforts to revitalize halide SEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vast economic and healthcare status discrepancies exist among regions in China, contributing to different treatment patterns. This study was aimed to investigate the current status of pharmacotherapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and outcomes in China and explore the geographic variation in stroke care. Methods: This study was a multicenter prospective registry study, which collected the data of patients with AIS from 80 hospitals in 46 cities in 2015–2017 across China. Poor functional outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 was assessed at 3 and 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression was used. Results: Among 9973 eligible patients, the number of receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, statin and human urinary kallidinogenase was 429 (4.3%), 9363 (93.9%), 1063 (10.7%), 6828 (74.7%) and 5112 (51.2%), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed IVT use in northeastern was significantly more frequent than in eastern region (OR = 3.17, 95% CI, 2.53–3.99), while the antiplatelets agents use were less frequent (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.38–0.57). The proportions of poor outcomes at 3 and 12 months were 20.7% and 15.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed AIS patients from northeastern and central region had significantly lower risk of poor outcome at month 3 and 12 than those from eastern region (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: There was a low IVT use and a high antiplatelet agent and statin use for AIS in China. The pharmacotherapy and prognosis of AIS had variation by geographic region. Trial registration: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02470624). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]