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Objective: To investigate whether cell preservation solution can prolong the survival time of leukemia cells and increase the survival rate, so as to improve the detection rate of central nervous system leukemia., Methods: Kasumi cells were added into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) supernatant with or without cell preservation solution to compare cell viability and biological characteristics at different time point. Wright Giemsa staining was used to compare cell morphology; cell counting, CCK-8 method, and trypan blue staining were used to compare the cell number, and flow cytometry was used to compare the cell viability. The expression of AML-ETO tumor fusion gene was detected by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR., Results: At different time points (8 h and 24 h), the survival, molecular biological characteristics and RT-PCR result of the cells in CSF with cell preservation solution were significantly better than those in normal cerebrospinal fluid., Conclusion: Cell preservation solution can effectively improve the survival time and survival rate of leukemic cells, thereby increase the detection rate of CNS leukemia.