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One of the main factors in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is oxidative stress. Mangiferin (MF), a natural plant polyphenol, has anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of our study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of MF in the hSOD1‐G93A ALS cell model. Our result revealed that MF treatment reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased oxidative damage, and reduced apoptosis. Additionally, it was observed that MF significantly increased the synthesis of the antioxidant genes hemeoxygenase‐1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, which are downstream of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and increased the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 knockdown greatly promoted apoptosis, which was reversed by MF treatment. To summarize, MF promoted the Nrf2 pathway and scavenged MDA and ROS to protect the ALS cell model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent identification of entity relation is an important method and approach to improve literature mining and analysis, and knowledge extraction of gold mine. This study focuses on the core issues affecting current entity relation extraction of gold mine such as complex entity relation and less manual annotation information, and proposes a BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer) remotely supervised relation extraction model. The accuracy of relation extraction is increased by optimizing and improving the modules related to geological data coding, geological classification and geological entity filtering. And the effectiveness of the model is verified by the entity relation extraction experiment of 290489 pieces of gold ore documents.

This study examines Tianqiao, the largest commercial and entertainment centre, which underwent a significant transformation into the most popular public space in Republican Beijing. Spatial informality has often been overlooked in planning history, due to its deviation from traditional disciplinary norms, tools, and materials, yet it can offer valuable insights into Chinese urban public spaces and their social values. Drawing on a wide range of sources, including government documents, newspapers, social surveys, and personal records, this paper elucidates how everyday life and popular culture emerged as effective strategies for the poor population to exert their political power and passively resist the state's incomplete urban regularization efforts. This exemplifies a distinct type of Chinese public space that acts as a mediator between the state and society, particularly from a bottom-up perspective of urban modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, changes in abiotic environmental factors were analyzed based on measured data from Dawangtan Reservoir in Nanning City during 2021–2022. The Carlson Integrated Trophic State Index method was applied to evaluate water quality and eutrophication in the reservoir, considering both exogenous inputs and internal water quality conditions. Additionally, by investigating water quality and biological factors (zooplankton and fish) in the reservoir, this study identified the main drivers influencing phytoplankton outbreaks in Dawangtan Reservoir through redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that the combined trophic state index of the reservoir varied between 29.2 and 56.5 throughout the year, with each water quality indicator performing worse during the summer months when temperatures were higher. There was a positive correlation between zooplankton biomass and phytoplankton biomass, and the increase in the proportion of phytophagous fish contributed to the reduction in phytoplankton. The redundancy analysis revealed that the distribution of phytoplankton species was significantly correlated with total phosphorus (TP), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a), with different phytoplankton species responding variably to these environmental factors. Finally, a multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to construct the optimal response equation between Chl-a concentration and environmental factors. The results indicated that pH, Secchi disk (SD), DO, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were the main factors affecting Chl-a concentration. Therefore, the outcomes of abiotic environmental factors and lake biological resources should be considered in the restoration of eutrophic lakes to achieve the desired restoration effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phorbol esters are recognized for their dual role as anti-HIV-1 agents and as activators of protein kinase C (PKC). The efficacy of phorbol esters in binding with PKC is attributed to the presence of oxygen groups at positions C20, C3/C4, and C9 of phorbol. Concurrently, the lipids located at positions C12/C13 are essential for both the anti-HIV-1 activity and the formation of the PKC-ligand complex. The influence of the cyclopropane ring at positions C13 and C14 in phorbol derivatives on their anti-HIV-1 activity requires further exploration. This research entailed the hydrolysis of phorbol, producing seco-cyclic phorbol derivatives. The anti-HIV-1 efficacy of these derivatives was assessed, and the affinity constant (K d) for PKC-δ protein of selected seco -cyclic phorbol derivatives was determined through isothermal titration calorimetry. The findings suggest that the chemical modification of cyclopropanols could affect both the anti-HIV-1 activity and the PKC binding affinity. Remarkably, compound S11, with an EC50 of 0.27 μmol·L−1 and a CC 50 of 153.92 μmol·L−1, demonstrated a potent inhibitory effect on the intermediate products of HIV-1 reverse transcription (ssDNA and 2LTR), likely acting at the viral entry stage, yet showed no affinity for the PKC-δ protein. These results position compound S11 as a potential candidate for further preclinical investigation and for studies aimed at elucidating the pharmacological mechanism underlying its anti-HIV-1 activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 37 derivatives of phorbol esters were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities evaluated, building upon our previous synthesis of 51 phorbol derivatives. 12-Para-electron-acceptor- trans -cinnamoyl-13-decanoyl phorbol derivatives stood out, demonstrating remarkable anti-HIV-1 activities and inhibitory effects on syncytia formation. These derivatives exhibited a higher safety index compared with the positive control drug. Among them, 12-(trans -4-fluorocinnamoyl)-13-decanoyl phorbol, designated as compound 3c , exhibited the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity (EC 50 2.9 nmol·L−1, CC 50 /EC 50 11 117.24) and significantly inhibited the formation of syncytium (EC 50 7.0 nmol·L−1, CC 50 /EC 50 4891.43). Moreover, compound 3c is hypothesized to act both as an HIV-1 entry inhibitor and as an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking studies indicated that compound 3c may also function as a natural activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Therefore, compound 3c emerges as a potential candidate for developing new anti-HIV drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article suggests that the post-colonial viewpoint could be valuable in understanding Beijing during the colonial crisis between 1900 and 1928. Through the examination of urban space in the Legation Quarter, it pays attention to the emerging special types and forms, as well as the mechanisms behind them, and explains the transposition of a foreign modern cityscape to the local context. The Europeanized district in Beijing was a symbol of Western civilization and the uneven power dynamics in the city, and was regarded as both a spatial model and a competitor for the Chinese government's attempts to create a modern capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]