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BackgroundThe existing tools in China for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint do not sufficiently consider the specialty in psychiatric practice， and the scale items are somewhat cumbersome to use， which together restrict their further promotion and application. Accordingly， there is an urgent need for developing a more scientific assessment tool.ObjectiveTo construct a scale for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint and to verify its reliability and validity， so as to provide a generic tool for the assessment.MethodsBased on the theoretical framework of the knowledge-attitude-practice model， the preliminary scale was formed through systematic literature review， qualitative interview and Delphi method. From July to December 2021， a stratified sampling was utilized to select 729 psychiatric nurses from tertiary， secondary and primary （including unclassified medical institutions and grassroots hospitals） psychiatric hospitals in Guangdong Province. The formal scale was developed through item analysis， exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The validity of the scale was evaluated by content validity and structure validity， and the reliability was verified by procedures including Cronbach's α coefficient， test-retest reliability， and split-half reliability.ResultsA total of 12 items of three dimensions （knowledge， attitude， practice） were included in the scale for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint. The scale-level content validity index （S-CVI） was 0.941， and the item-level content validity index （I-CVI） ranged from 0.812 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors， and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 62.948%. The confirmatory factor yielded adequate fit. Cronbach's α coefficient was found to be 0.887 for the scale， 0.819 for knowledge dimension， 0.842 for attitude dimension， and 0.831 for practice dimension. The split-half reliability and test-retest reliability for the scale were 0.712 and 0.922， respectively.ConclusionThe scale shows satisfactory reliability and validity， which can be used to assess psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint. ［Funded by Guangdong Clinical Teaching Base Teaching Reform Research Project （number， 2021JD119）］

This article gives a review on the application status and clinical effect of behavioral activation （BA） therapy for patients with late-life depression， in which the theoretical content， research status and the characteristics of clinical application of BA therapy for patients with late-life depression were introduced， and the existing limitations and possible directions for future research were summarized， so as to provide references for the localization of BA therapy for patients with late-life depression.

This paper reviewed the clinical data of a typical elderly paranoid schizophrenia (SP) patient, and experience of narrative nursing combined with nostalgia therapy was summarized. The multi-disciplinary team (MDT) made an assessment and diagnosis at the patient first, and then according to evidence-based search to develop intervention plans, which included drug therapy, physical therapy and rehabilitation and nursing intervention. Specifically, the nursing intervention was mainly about narrative nursing combined with nostalgia therapy. After the intervention, the patient's mental symptoms were effectively controlled, sleep quality and medication compliance were improved. The implementation of narrative nursing combined with nostalgia therapy is potentially effective to improve the mental rehabilitation the SP patient (本文回顾1例典型老年期偏执型精神分裂症(SP)患者的临床资料, 总结叙事护理联合怀旧疗法护理干预措施。通过多学科团队(MDT)评估、诊断, 再根据循证检索制定干预计划, 包括药物治疗, 物理治疗与康复, 护理干预等。老年科特色护理干预包括叙事护理、怀旧疗法和引导式认知训练等。经干预后患者精神症状得到有效控制, 睡眠质量和服药依从性得到改善。叙事护理联合怀旧疗法能够有效促进老年SP患者康复。)