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With the increasing demand on high-density integration and better performance of micro-nano optoelectronic devices, the operation temperatures are expected to significantly increase under some extreme conditions, posing a risk of degradation to metal-based micro-/nano-structured metasurfaces due to their low tolerance to high temperature. Therefore, it is urgent to find new materials with high-conductivity and excellent high-temperature resistance to replace traditional micro-nano metal structures. Herein, we have proposed and fabricated a thermally stable graphene assembly film (GAF), which is calcined at ultra-high temperature (~ 3000 ℃) during the reduction of graphite oxide (GO). Compared with micro-nano metals that usually degrade at around 550 ℃, the proposed GAF maintains a high extent of stability at an extremely high temperature up to 900 ℃. In addition, to make GAF a prime candidate to replace micro-nano metals, we have modified its fabrication process for improving its conductivity to 1.3 × 106 S/m, which is quite close to metals. Thus, micro-nano optoelectronic devices could retain high efficiency even when GAF replaces the crucial micro-nano metals. To verify the thermostability of optoelectronic devices composed of GAF, we have compared the high-temperature resistance performance of two structures capable of achieving plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) at the THz region, one using micro-nano metals (Aluminum) and the other GAF. The Al metasurface displayed a near-complete loss of PIT effects after a high-temperature treatment, while GAF could remain excellent PIT properties at above 900 ℃, thus enable to fulfil its optimum performance. Overall, the proposed thermostable metasurface provides new pathway for the construction of thermostable optoelectronic devices that can operate under ultra-high temperature scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, the characteristics and treatment of combined small-cell lung carcinoma (CSCLC) remain controversial. This study aimed to analyze the features of clinical demographics, survival outcomes and treatment modalities among IV CSCLC, IV SCLC and IV NSCLC, to provide more evidence for the study of IV CSCLC. Methods: All CSCLC, SCLC and NSCLC patient data were obtained from the SEER database (2010–2020). Pearson's χ2 test was used to compare the differences in clinical characteristics. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance the bias of the variables between patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. KM analysis was used to calculate survival. Adjusted analyses for the primary outcome of different treatment modalities of IV CSCLC, IV SCLC and IV NSCLC were performed using Cox regression models. Results: A total of 493 patients with IV CSCLC, 35503 patients with SCLC, 122807 patients with IV NSCLC were included in this study. The demographic characteristics and tumor characteristics of the three groups were different. Before PSM, there were significant differences in OS and CSS among IV CSCLC, IV SCLC and IV NSCLC, After PSM, there was a significant difference in OS and CSS between the IV CSCLC and IV NSCLC. Risk/protective factors for OS and CSS were different in three groups. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery can improve IV CSCLC's survival time. The combination of surgery and chemoradiotherapy treatment group for patients with IV CSCLC demonstrated best OS compared to control treatment groups, and the surgery combined chemotherapy treatment group exhibited the best CSS. Additionally, for select patients with stage IV CSCLC who have missed the window for surgical intervention at the time of initial diagnosis, chemoradiotherapy presents a viable and effective treatment option. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics IV CSCLC, IV SCLC and IV NSCLC were significantly different. The prognosis for IV CSCLC is notably poorer than IV NSCLC, similar to IV SCLC. Surgery combined therapy emerged as the preferred treatment modalities and chemoradiotherapy was a good choice for patients who have lost the indication of surgery for patients diagnosed with IV CSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tailoring the morphologies and optical properties of the 2D and hierarchical nanostructures self-assembled by the π-conjugated molecules is both interesting and challenging. Herein, a series of 2D ribbon-like nanostructures with single or multiple H-aggregated perylene bisimides (PBI) monolayer and hierarchical nanostructures (including straw-like, dumbbell-shaped, and rod-like nanostructures) are fabricated by solution self-assembly of three chiral alanine-decorated PBI. The influence of the solvent's dissolving capacity, the chirality of alanine, and the preparation methods on the morphologies and optical properties of the nanostructures were extensively studied. It was observed that the hierarchical nanostructures are formed by the reorganization of the 2D ribbon-like nanostructures. The size of the 2D ribbon-like nanostructures and the amount of the hierarchical nanostructures increase with the decrease in the solvent's dissolving capacity. The small chiral alanine moiety is unable to induce chirality in the nanostructures, owing to its low steric hindrance and the dominant strong π-π stacking interaction of the PBI skeleton. A weaker π-π stacking interaction and better H-aggregated arrangement of the PBI skeleton could reduce the low-wavelength fluorescence intensity. The process of heating, cooling, and aging promotes the formation of H-aggregation in the PBI skeleton. The region of spectral overlap of the PBI solutions increases with the decrease in the dissolving capacity of the solvent and the steric hindrance of the chiral alanine. This study supplies a view to tailor the morphologies and optical properties of the nanostructures, which could be used as sensors and photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer, making it a threat to human health. Despite the use of antibiotic therapy, the global prevalence of H. pylori infection remains high, necessitating early eradication measures. Immunotherapy, especially vaccine development, is a promising solution in this direction, albeit the selection of an appropriate animal model is critical in efficient vaccine production. Accordingly, we conducted a literature, search and summarized the commonly used H. pylori strains, H. pylori infection‐related animal models, and models for evaluating H. pylori vaccines. Based on factors such as the ability to replicate human diseases, strain compatibility, vaccine types, and eliciting of immune responses, we systematically compared the advantages and disadvantages of different animal models, to obtain the informed recommendations. In addition, we have proposed novel perspectives on H. pylori–related animal models to advance research and vaccine evaluation for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human microbiome, containing bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is a community that coexists peacefully with humans most of the time, but with the potential to cause disease under certain conditions. When the environment changes or certain stimuli are received, microbes may interact with each other, causing or increasing the severity of disease in a host. With the appropriate methods, we can make these microbiota work for us, creating new applications for human health. This review discusses the wide range of interactions between microorganisms that result in an increase in susceptibility to, severity of, and mortality of diseases, and also briefly introduces how microorganisms interact with each other directly or indirectly. The study of microbial interactions and their mechanisms has revealed a new world of treatments for infectious disease. The regulation of the balance between intestinal flora, the correct application of probiotics, and the development of effective drugs by symbiosis all demonstrate the great contributions of the microbiota to human health and its powerful potential value. Consequently, the study of interactions between microorganisms plays an essential role in identifying the causes of diseases and the development of treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter introduces an effective self-interference cancellation (SIC) for improving isolation between transmit (Tx) ports and receive (Rx) ports of an in-band full-duplex antenna with feeding networks (FNs). A significant isolation improvement is realized by replacing the traditional FNs of the antenna with SICFNs. The coupling between Tx and Rx ports is canceled in the FNs due to the specific power ratios and phase difference. Though a Python optimization procedure, the optimal values of the key parameters of the SIC FNs can be determined. To validate the proposed SIC technique, the prototype consisting of two four-element antenna arrays and four SICFNs designed with the technique is fabricated. The results of measurements performed in an anechoic chamber show an isolation improvement of 15 dB at 3.6 GHz, while only 0.3 dB gain loss for the antenna array as a sacrifice is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]