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In this paper, we used CALYPSO program which is conjuncted with DFT to investigate Li doped small-sized neutral Bn clusters. From ground-state and low energy structures, the properties and geometric significance of Li-doped boron clusters are greatly affected. Except for LiB9, which adds a B atom on preceding LiB8 boron wheel, the ground-state clusters of LiBn are formed by replacing the terminal boron atom of the Bn+1 clusters in the same size with a Li atom or by adding a Li atom to the Bn clusters. The transition point from 2 to 3D configuration of LiBn clusters appears at n = 5. The stability of LiBn clusters was analyzed by calculating the average binding energy, Gibbs free energy, first-order differential energy, second-order differential energy, HOMO–LUMO gap (the energy gap between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) and charge transfer. The results show that the LiB11 cluster with excellent symmetry and planar structure is the relative most stable structure. Molecular orbital and chemical bonding analysis indicated that the main reason for the stability of the LiB11 cluster is mainly due to the strong s-p bonding of B–B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The evolution of the structures for Ca 2 Mg n – (n=1-15) clusters has be elucidated. • The corresponding ground state structures are determined. • One of the most stable structural units are found. • The properties of electrons and bonds of the most stable isomers are discussed. In recent years, the structure and properties of alkaline earth metal-doped Mg clusters have attracted much attention. Here, we investigated the structural properties, stability analysis, chemical bonding properties and charge transfer properties of Ca 2 Mg n ˉ (n=1-15) nanoclusters by using the efficient CALYPSO structure search software and the DFT full domain search method based on B3PW91 level calculation. It is found that most of their ground state structures can inherit pure Mg n+2 ˉ (n=1-15) clusters with high symmetry. We further compare the experimental and theoretical PES spectral data using pure Mg n+2 ˉ (n=1-15) and find a high agreement, which also indicating the validity of my calculated all-domain most stable structure. We found the outstanding stability of the pentagonal Ca 2 Mg 7 ˉ by stability analysis. Charge transfer occurred in all Ca 2 Mg n ˉ clusters, and this transfer was from Ca to Mg. The chemical bonding properties and molecular orbital revealed that the contribution of Mg- s and Mg- p to the molecular orbitals led to the formation of strong Mg-Mg bonds in the Ca 2 Mg 7 ˉ cluster, the s-p hybridization between Ca and Mg atoms and between Mg and Mg atoms also led to more powerful Mg-Mg bonds and Ca-Mg bonds, which is strong evidence for the stability of the Ca 2 Mg 7 ˉ clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]