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14 results on '"Huang, Philip M."'

1. Successful Kinetic Impact into an Asteroid for Planetary Defense

Author

Daly, R. Terik, Ernst, Carolyn M., Barnouin, Olivier S., Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Adams, Elena Y., Agrusa, Harrison F., Abel, Elisabeth D., Alford, Amy L., Asphaug, Erik I., Atchison, Justin A., Badger, Andrew R., Baki, Paul, Ballouz, Ronald-L., Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bellerose, Julie, Bhaskaran, Shyam, Buratti, Bonnie J., Cambioni, Saverio, Chen, Michelle H., Chesley, Steven R., Chiu, George, Collins, Gareth S., Cox, Matthew W., DeCoster, Mallory E., Ericksen, Peter S., Espiritu, Raymond C., Faber, Alan S., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrari, Fabio, Fletcher, Zachary J., Gaskell, Robert W., Graninger, Dawn M., Haque, Musad A., Harrington-Duff, Patricia A., Hefter, Sarah, Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Huang, Philip M., Hsieh, Syau-Yun W., Jacobson, Seth A., Jenkins, Stephen N., Jensenius, Mark A., John, Jeremy W., Jutzi, Martin, Kohout, Tomas, Krueger, Timothy O., Laipert, Frank E., Lopez, Norberto R., Luther, Robert, Lucchetti, Alice, Mages, Declan M., Marchi, Simone, Martin, Anna C., McQuaide, Maria E., Michel, Patrick, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Murphy, Ian W., Murdoch, Naomi, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nolan, Michael C., Ormö, Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Peachey, James M., Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ramirez, Joshua R., Reynolds, Edward L., Richman, Joshua E., Robin, Colas Q., Rodriguez, Luis M., Roufberg, Lew M., Rush, Brian P., Sawyer, Carolyn A., Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Petr, Schwartz, Stephen R., Shannon, Matthew P., Shapiro, Brett N., Shearer, Caitlin E., Smith, Evan J., Steele, R. Joshua, Steckloff, Jordan K, Stickle, Angela M., Sunshine, Jessica M., Superfin, Emil A., Tarzi, Zahi B., Thomas, Cristina A., Thomas, Justin R., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Tropf, B. Teresa, Vaughan, Andrew T., Velez, Dianna, Waller, C. Dany, Wilson, Daniel S., Wortman, Kristin A., and Zhang, Yun

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

While no known asteroid poses a threat to Earth for at least the next century, the catalog of near-Earth asteroids is incomplete for objects whose impacts would produce regional devastation. Several approaches have been proposed to potentially prevent an asteroid impact with Earth by deflecting or disrupting an asteroid. A test of kinetic impact technology was identified as the highest priority space mission related to asteroid mitigation. NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is the first full-scale test of kinetic impact technology. The mission's target asteroid was Dimorphos, the secondary member of the S-type binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This binary asteroid system was chosen to enable ground-based telescopes to quantify the asteroid deflection caused by DART's impact. While past missions have utilized impactors to investigate the properties of small bodies those earlier missions were not intended to deflect their targets and did not achieve measurable deflections. Here we report the DART spacecraft's autonomous kinetic impact into Dimorphos and reconstruct the impact event, including the timeline leading to impact, the location and nature of the DART impact site, and the size and shape of Dimorphos. The successful impact of the DART spacecraft with Dimorphos and the resulting change in Dimorphos's orbit demonstrates that kinetic impactor technology is a viable technique to potentially defend Earth if necessary., Comment: Accepted by Nature

Published
2023
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2. Successful kinetic impact into an asteroid for planetary defence

Author

Daly, R. Terik, primary, Ernst, Carolyn M., additional, Barnouin, Olivier S., additional, Chabot, Nancy L., additional, Rivkin, Andrew S., additional, Cheng, Andrew F., additional, Adams, Elena Y., additional, Agrusa, Harrison F., additional, Abel, Elisabeth D., additional, Alford, Amy L., additional, Asphaug, Erik I., additional, Atchison, Justin A., additional, Badger, Andrew R., additional, Baki, Paul, additional, Ballouz, Ronald-L., additional, Bekker, Dmitriy L., additional, Bellerose, Julie, additional, Bhaskaran, Shyam, additional, Buratti, Bonnie J., additional, Cambioni, Saverio, additional, Chen, Michelle H., additional, Chesley, Steven R., additional, Chiu, George, additional, Collins, Gareth S., additional, Cox, Matthew W., additional, DeCoster, Mallory E., additional, Ericksen, Peter S., additional, Espiritu, Raymond C., additional, Faber, Alan S., additional, Farnham, Tony L., additional, Ferrari, Fabio, additional, Fletcher, Zachary J., additional, Gaskell, Robert W., additional, Graninger, Dawn M., additional, Haque, Musad A., additional, Harrington-Duff, Patricia A., additional, Hefter, Sarah, additional, Herreros, Isabel, additional, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, additional, Huang, Philip M., additional, Hsieh, Syau-Yun W., additional, Jacobson, Seth A., additional, Jenkins, Stephen N., additional, Jensenius, Mark A., additional, John, Jeremy W., additional, Jutzi, Martin, additional, Kohout, Tomas, additional, Krueger, Timothy O., additional, Laipert, Frank E., additional, Lopez, Norberto R., additional, Luther, Robert, additional, Lucchetti, Alice, additional, Mages, Declan M., additional, Marchi, Simone, additional, Martin, Anna C., additional, McQuaide, Maria E., additional, Michel, Patrick, additional, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., additional, Murphy, Ian W., additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Naidu, Shantanu P., additional, Nair, Hari, additional, Nolan, Michael C., additional, Ormö, Jens, additional, Pajola, Maurizio, additional, Palmer, Eric E., additional, Peachey, James M., additional, Pravec, Petr, additional, Raducan, Sabina D., additional, Ramesh, K. T., additional, Ramirez, Joshua R., additional, Reynolds, Edward L., additional, Richman, Joshua E., additional, Robin, Colas Q., additional, Rodriguez, Luis M., additional, Roufberg, Lew M., additional, Rush, Brian P., additional, Sawyer, Carolyn A., additional, Scheeres, Daniel J., additional, Scheirich, Petr, additional, Schwartz, Stephen R., additional, Shannon, Matthew P., additional, Shapiro, Brett N., additional, Shearer, Caitlin E., additional, Smith, Evan J., additional, Steele, R. Joshua, additional, Steckloff, Jordan K., additional, Stickle, Angela M., additional, Sunshine, Jessica M., additional, Superfin, Emil A., additional, Tarzi, Zahi B., additional, Thomas, Cristina A., additional, Thomas, Justin R., additional, Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., additional, Tropf, B. Teresa, additional, Vaughan, Andrew T., additional, Velez, Dianna, additional, Waller, C. Dany, additional, Wilson, Daniel S., additional, Wortman, Kristin A., additional, and Zhang, Yun, additional

Published
2023
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6. The Radiometer Assessment using Vertically Aligned Nanotubes (RAVAN) CubeSat Mission: A Pathfinder for a New Measurement of Earth's Radiation Budget

Author

Swartz, William H., Lorentz, Steven R., Huang, Philip M., Smith, Allan W., Deglau, David M., Liang, Shawn X., Marcotte, Kathryn M., Reynolds, Edward L., Papadakis, Stergios J., Dyrud, Lars P., Wu, Dong L., Wiscombe, Warren J., and Carvo, John

Abstract

The Radiometer Assessment using Vertically Aligned Nanotubes (RAVAN) mission is a 3U CubeSat pathfinder for a constellation to measure the Earth’s radiation imbalance (ERI), which is the single most important quantity for predicting the course of climate change over the next century. RAVAN will demonstrate a small, accurate radiometer that measures top-of-the-atmosphere Earth-leaving fluxes of total and solar-reflected radiation. RAVAN demonstrates two key enabling technologies. The first is the use of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) as a radiometer absorber. VACNT forests are some of the blackest materials known and have an extremely flat spectral response over a wide wavelength range. The second key technology is a gallium fixed-point black body calibration source, which serves as a stable and repeatable reference to track the long-term degradation of the sensor. Absolute calibration is maintained by regular solar and deep space views. The RAVAN payload will fly on a 3U CubeSat that combines stellar attitude determination, sub-degree pointing, and both UHF and Globalstar communication. RAVAN will help enable the development of an Earth radiation budget constellation mission that can provide the measurements needed for superior predictions of future climate change.

Published
2016

12. Agile hardware and software system engineering for innovation.

Author

Huang, Philip M., Darrin, Ann G., and Knuth, Andrew A.

Abstract

Agile system engineering practices have matured for software projects while hardware system engineering continues to embrace classical development techniques. High technology projects require innovative solutions to meet the restrictions of cost and schedule and still deliver high performance critical systems. This paper addresses the application of the flexible style of agile systems engineering for dynamic, complex hardware and software projects. These projects can benefit from applying the principles of agile systems engineering as has been demonstrated in the software realm. Fundamental to the rapid development is understanding the role of innovation and momentum in agile project management and systems engineering. For post industrial age projects that require non proven concepts, large degrees of uncertainty and ambiguity and extensive non-recurring engineering, agile systems engineering allows for project development with continuous change while addressing risk. Agile systems engineering exploits the role of momentum to allow innovation in the development process while allowing risk interactions to be managed in a disciplined manner. Examples of how these concepts were used on the design and development of two small satellites at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) in the Multi-Mission Bus Demonstrator (MMBD) project. This challenging satellite build did not use existing key technology (heritage hardware) and created a large paradigm shift from traditional satellite development. Rapid design and development, a “momentum play”, was used to continuously allow change and assessment in a hardware adaptation of the SCRUM technique seen in Extreme Programming. The MMBD project demonstrates the adaptation of these agile concepts. By freezing late in the design cycle, the MMBD project was able to insert innovations throughout the program cycle. The ability to be innovative related to the speed with which the development progressed, including working quickly through all technology choices. This paper discusses agile systems engineering as applied to both software and hardware. Short of papers on embedded systems using agile systems engineering, there are too few projects demonstrating these adaptations of techniques to complex, innovative hardware projects. The Multi-Mission Bus Demonstrator is an excellent benchmark example of program management of rapid technology maturity in a high technology application. This paper demonstrates how agile systems engineering techniques can be adapted to a high technology development program and shows how project momentum was critical to separate the constant non-recurring technology challenges to be worked rapidly from the engineering risk liens requiring longer time frames to retire. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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13. Agile hardware and software systems engineering for critical military space applications

Author

Huang, Philip M., Knuth, Andrew A., Krueger, Robert O., and Garrison-Darrin, Margaret A.

Abstract

The Multi Mission Bus Demonstrator (MBD) is a successful demonstration of agile program management and system engineering in a high risk technology application where utilizing and implementing new, untraditional development strategies were necessary. MBD produced two fully functioning spacecraft for a military/DOD application in a record breaking time frame and at dramatically reduced costs. This paper discloses the adaptation and application of concepts developed in agile software engineering to hardware product and system development for critical military applications. This challenging spacecraft did not use existing key technology (heritage hardware) and created a large paradigm shift from traditional spacecraft development. The insertion of new technologies and methods in space hardware has long been a problem due to long build times, the desire to use heritage hardware, and lack of effective process. The role of momentum in the innovative process can be exploited to tackle ongoing technology disruptions and allowing risk interactions to be mitigated in a disciplined manner. Examples of how these concepts were used during the MBD program will be delineated. Maintaining project momentum was essential to assess the constant non recurring technological challenges which needed to be retired rapidly from the engineering risk liens. Development never slowed due to tactical assessment of the hardware with the adoption of the SCRUM technique. We adapted this concept as a representation of mitigation of technical risk while allowing for design freeze later in the program's development cycle. By using Agile Systems Engineering and Management techniques which enabled decisive action, the product development momentum effectively was used to produce two novel space vehicles in a fraction of time with dramatically reduced cost.

Published
2012
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14. RAVAN: CubeSat Demonstration for Multi-Point Earth Radiation Budget Measurements.

Author

Swartz, William H., Lorentz, Steven R., Papadakis, Stergios J., Huang, Philip M., Smith, Allan W., Deglau, David M., Yu, Yinan, Reilly, Sonia M., Reilly, Nolan M., and Anderson, Donald E.

Subjects
NANOTUBES, CUBESATS (Artificial satellites), CARBON nanotubes, CLIMATE change, RADIOMETERS
Abstract

The Radiometer Assessment using Vertically Aligned Nanotubes (RAVAN) 3U CubeSat mission is a pathfinder to demonstrate technologies for the measurement of Earth's radiation budget, the quantification of which is critical for predicting the future course of climate change. A specific motivation is the need for lower-cost technology alternatives that could be used for multi-point constellation measurements of Earth outgoing radiation. RAVAN launched 11 November 2016, into a nearly 600-km, Sun-synchronous orbit, and collected data for over 20 months. RAVAN successfully demonstrates two key technologies. The first is the use of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) as absorbers in broadband radiometers for measuring Earth's outgoing radiation and the total solar irradiance. VACNT forests are arguably the blackest material known and have an extremely flat spectral response over a wide wavelength range, from the ultraviolet to the far infrared. As radiometer absorbers, they have greater sensitivity for a given time constant and are more compact than traditional cavity absorbers. The second technology demonstrated is a pair of gallium phase-change black body cells that are used as a stable reference to monitor the degradation of RAVAN's radiometer sensors on orbit. Four radiometers (two VACNT, two cavity), the pair of gallium black bodies, and associated electronics are accommodated in the payload of an agile 3U CubeSat bus that allows for routine solar and deep-space attitude maneuvers, which are essential for calibrating the Earth irradiance measurements. The radiometers show excellent long-term stability over the course of the mission and a high correlation between the VACNT and cavity radiometer technologies. Short-term variability—at greater than the tenths-of-a-Watt/m2 needed for climate accuracy—is a challenge that remains, consistent with insufficient thermal knowledge and control on a 3U CubeSat. There are also VACNT–cavity biases of 3% and 6% in the Total and SW channels, respectively, which would have to be overcome in a future mission. Although one of the black bodies failed after four months, the other provided a repeatable standard for the duration of the project. We present representative measurements from the mission and demonstrate how the radiometer time series can be used to reconstruct outgoing radiation spatial information. Improvements to the technology and approach that would lead to better performance and greater accuracy in future missions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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