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In rice, the spikelet is the basic unit of inflorescence, and its development is important for determining the grain yield and quality. We reported a rice spikelet mutant multi-floret spikelet 4 (mfs4) which resulted in the production of extra floral organs or a whole extra floret, and elongated sterile lemmas. The results suggested that the mutation of the MFS4 gene interfered with spikelet meristem determinacy and floral organ identity. In addition, the plant height and the grain length and width in the mfs4 mutant were all less than those in the wild type. Using the bulked segregant analysis method, the MFS4 gene was localized in a 557-kb region on the long arm of chromosome 1. Sequence analysis showed that there was a C-base deletion at the open reading frame of LOC_Os01g67430. Further tests indicated that a wild type copy of LOC_Os01g67430 was able to reverse the mfs4 defects, which indicated that LOC_Os01g67430 was the MFS4 gene. The MFS4 gene encodes a lipase located in the mitochondria and is expressed strongly in the young inflorescence. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of some genes that were known to regulate spikelet meristem determinacy and grain size were decreased in the mfs4 mutant, which indicated that the MFS4 gene regulates spikelet meristem determinacy and grain size by modulating the expression of these genes.

This study tended to clarify the role of miR‐126 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell biological behaviors in vitro, containing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. miRNA expression microarray related to NSCLC was accessed from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and subjected to differential analysis using the "limma" package. Real‐time quantitative PCR was conducted to assess the expression of miR‐126 in NSCLC cell lines. wIn vitro experiments including 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing assay, Transwell, and flow cytometry assay were used for evaluating the effect of miR‐126 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Additionally, target mRNA for miR‐126 was predicted and further validated by bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assay, respectively. It suggested that miR‐126 was significantly down‐regulated in NSCLS based on the expression microarray, and similar expression trend was exhibited in cancer cell lines. In the meantime, overexpression of miR‐126 was found to result in inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promotion of cell apoptosis, with reductions in protein expression of AKT2 and phosphorylated HK2 (p‐HK2) as well. AKT2, identified to be a direct target of miR‐126 in NSCLC as judged by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, overexpression of AKT2 was observed to have the ability of elevating p‐HK2 protein expression and reversing the effect of miR‐126 on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Given the above findings, we can see that miR‐126 exerts its role in NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis with the aid of AKT2/HK2 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotational-XOR cryptanalysis is a very recent technique for ARX ciphers. In this paper, the probability propagation formula of RX-cryptanalysis in modular addition is extended, and the calculation of RX-difference probability for any rotation parameter (⁠|$0

We introduced a two-dimensional vector-bending sensor using excessively tilted fiber grating (ExTFG) encapsulated in a non-neutral axis position within a flexible cylinder. The asymmetrical structure enabled both TM and TE modes of the ExTFG to achieve the competency of one-dimensional vector bending sensing by cleverly leveraging the orthogonal relationship between these modes to achieve the effect of orthogonal cascading of two one-dimensional sensors. The resonance wavelength changes of the TM and TE modes were monitored under equal excitation states to achieve two-dimensional vector bending sensing, which significantly simplified the manufacturing complexity of the sensor; the longer the off-axis distance, the higher the sensitivity, and the smaller the maximum measurable curvature. Through an optimal parameter designation for the sensor, the results showed that the transmission spectra of TM and TE modes varied significantly depending on the curvature and direction of the sensor bending with a maximum sensitivity of -105 pm/m -1 and 105.5 pm/m -1 , -70.25 pm/m -1 and 67.5 pm/m -1 , respectively. Subsequently, the direction and curvature of the vector bending could be reconstructed using the established algorithm with the measured wavelength shifts of TM and TE modes. The average relative error was about 2.02% for the reconstructed direction angle and about 3.61% for the reconstructed curvature. The proposed sensor offered higher sensitivity than those based on FBGs and improved stability compared to those based on optical fiber interferometers. Therefore, it holds promising applications in structural health monitoring in complex environments and intelligent machinery.

Purpose: The study aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-129-2-3p underlying esophageal carcinoma (EC) cell progression and generate new ideas for targeted treatment of EC., Methods: Mature miRNA expression data and total RNA sequencing data of EC in the TCGAESCA dataset were utilized to explore differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). StarBase database was then utilized to predict targets of miRNA. MiR-129-2-3p and DNMT3B expression in EC cell lines was assayed through qRT-PCR and Western blot. CCK-8, scratch healing, and transwell assays were conducted to assess the impact of miR-129-2-3p on EC cell phenotypes. In addition, a dual-luciferase assay was completed to identify the binding relationship between DNMT3B and miR-129-2-3p., Results: MiR-129-2-3p was noticeably less expressed in EC cell lines, while DNMT3B was highly expressed. MiR-129-2-3p could bind to DNMT3B. Furthermore, in vitro functional experiments uncovered that overexpressed miR-129-2-3p repressed EC cell progression while further overexpressing DNMT3B would restore the above inhibitory effect., Conclusion: MiR-129-2-3p is a cancer repressor in EC cells, and it could target DNMT3B, thus hampering the progression of EC cells., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)