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The harsh environment of high dust and low lighting in the coal mine underground excavation working face results in low signal-to-noise ratio of the image, and a serious reduction in the number of effective feature points. The processed image has significant color difference and noise. When using the best seam-line algorithm for image stitching, there are problems such as fine section misalignment, unnatural transitions at the seam line, or obvious stitching traces. In order to solve the above problems, a mine image stitching method based on improved best seam-line is proposed. Firstly, the original image is subjected to HSV spatial transformation, and an improved Retinex algorithm is used for enhancement on the luminance component. Bilateral filtering is used instead of the center surround function to solve the halo problem caused by large brightness differences. The number of feature points extracted is effectively increased through the enhancement algorithm. Secondly, the SIFT algorithm is used to extract feature points, and cosine distance is used as the matching degree indicator. The method introduces pixel cosine similarity as a constraint, and uses morphological operations to improve color difference intensity, uses dynamic programming to search for the best seam-line to avoid misalignment at image stitching. Finally, combined with the gradual in and out algorithm, the image transition is smooth to achieve image fusion of the underground excavation working face. Experimental verification is conducted by simulating the actual working environment underground. The results show that the mine image stitching method based on the improved best seam-line avoids the phenomenon of misalignment stitching caused by color differences and noise compared to the traditional best seam-line algorithm. The image transition at the stitching seam is more natural, avoiding the generation of 'ghosts' and obvious stitching seams. The average gradient of the image is increased by about 2.38%, and the stitching time is increased by about 32.5%, making the fusion area smoother and more natural, improving the stitching quality.

Developing a highly efficient methanol oxidation electrocatalyst is crucial for enhancing the performance of direct methanol fuel cells. In this study, intermetallic L10-Fe40Ni5M5Pt50 (M = Mn, Co, Cu) nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 4 to 8 nm were synthesized by a facile solid-state reaction method. Replacing Fe with Mn, Co or Cu in L10-Fe45Ni5Pt50 nanoparticles could increase grain size, facilitate the disorder-order transition, enhance electron transfer between Pt and Fe, and regulate the d-band centre. Notably, the L10-Fe40Ni5Co5Pt50 nanoparticles presented a higher ordering degree and a closer d-band centre to Pt, which contributed to superior electrocatalytic methanol oxidation properties. In comparison to commercial Pt/C catalysts, the L10-Fe40Ni5M5Pt50 nanoparticles demonstrated a 2.70-fold enhancement in mass activity, a 3.94-fold enhancement in area activity, and significantly improved stability. This study presents a promising strategy for synthesizing multicomponent, small-sized and highly ordered Pt-based intermetallic nanoparticle electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) are small, icosahedral viruses that cause serious clinical symptoms in livestock. The FMDV VP1 protein is a key structural component, facilitating virus entry. Here, we find that the E3 ligase RNF5 interacts with VP1 and targets it for degradation through ubiquitination at the lys200 of VP1, ultimately inhibiting virus replication. Mutations at this lysine site have been found to increase the replication of FMDV in mice. Importantly, the RNF5 pharmacological activator Analog-1 alleviates disease development in a mouse infection model. Furthermore, RNF5 recognizes the VP1 protein from several picornaviruses, suggesting that targeting RNF5 may be a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy. These findings shed light on the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in controlling virus replication, offering potential new strategies for treating viral infections. Author summary: Elucidation of the host factors that modulate the FMDV lifecycle is vital for developing antiviral drugs and vaccines. In this study, we show that RNF5 acts as a cell-intrinsic antiviral effector by inhibiting multiple picornaviruses through targeting the viral VP1 protein for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Further investigation revealed that the Lys200 of VP1 is a specific site for RNF5-mediated ubiquitination. Disruption of this ubiquitination site led to increased replication of FMDV both in vitro and in vivo. The use of Analog-1, a pharmacological activator of RNF5, was shown to mitigate disease progression in a mouse infection model. These findings unveil a strategy for targeting picornavirus replication and offer insights that could aid in the development of new therapeutics for picornavirus infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In‐depth comprehension and manipulation of band occupation at metal centers are crucial for facilitating effective adsorption and electron transfer in lithium‐oxygen battery (LOB) reactions. Rare earth elements play a unique role in band hybridization due to their deep orbitals and strong localization of 4 f electrons. Herein, we anchor single Ce atoms onto CoO, constructing a highly active and stable catalyst with d‐f a dual‐band redox center. It is discovered that the itinerant behavior of 4 f electrons introduces an enhanced spin‐orbit coupling effect, which facilitates ideal σ/π bonding and flexible adsorption between the Ce/Co active sites and *O. Simultaneously, the injection of localized Ce 4 f electrons strengthens the orbital bonding capacity of Co−O, effectively inhibits the dissolution of Co sites and improves the structural stability of the cathode material. Bracingly, the Ce1/CoO‐based LOB exhibits an ultra‐low charge–discharge polarization (0.46 V) and stable cyclic performance (1088 hours). This work breaks through the traditional limitations in catalyst activity and stability, providing new strategies and theoretical insights for developing high‐performance LOBs powered by rare‐earth elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent highway support in deep coal mines now depends on the anchor drilling robot's drill arm. The drilling arm's trajectory planning using the conventional RRT (rapid-expanding random tree) algorithm is inefficient and has crooked, rough paths. To improve the accuracy of path planning, we propose an improved RRT algorithm. Firstly, the kinematic model of the drill arm of the drill and anchor robot was established, and the improved DH solution parameters and the positive solution of the drill arm kinematics were solved. The end effector's attainable working space was calculated using the Monte Carlo approach. Additionally, to address the problem of the slow running speed of the RRT algorithm, an artificial potential field factor was introduced to construct virtual force fields at obstacle and target points and calculate the potential field map for the entire reachable workspace to improve the speed of the sampling points close to the target point. At the same time, the greedy approach and the three-time B-sample curve-fitting method were used simultaneously to remove unnecessary points and carry out smooth path processing in order to improve the quality of the drill arm trajectory. This was carried out in order to solve the issue of rough pathways generated by the RRT algorithm. Finally, 50 time-sampling comparison experiments were conducted on 2D and 3D maps. The experimental results showed that the improved RRT algorithm improved the average sampling speed by 20% and reduced the average path length by 14% compared with the RRT algorithm, which verified the feasibility and effectiveness of this improved RRT algorithm. The improved RRT algorithm generates more efficient and smoother paths, which can improve the intelligence of the support process by integrating and automating drilling and anchoring and providing reliable support for coal mine intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Branched‐chain fatty acid (BCFA) is effective in preventing and helping to treat neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. It is essential to supplement goat‐milk powder for formula‐fed preterm infants with BCFA. In this study, the quality and microstructures of milk powders supplemented with different concentrations of BCFA were evaluated, using goat milk powder without BCFA as the control group (CG). RESULTS: In comparison with the CG, goat milk powder supplemented with BCFA exhibited smaller fat globules and a significant drop in overall particle size. During 16 weeks of storage, BCFA‐supplemented groups showed suitable moisture content and viscosity and good solubility. The BCFA also helped reduce the number of folds on the surface of the milk powder particles. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that goat milk powders with BCFA exhibit differences in quality and microstructure in comparison with ordinary goat milk powder, which is relevant for the future development and application of BCFA in foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This work compared the thermal stability, microstructure and functional properties of casein (CN) in goat milk processed by different methods, including homogenisation, low‐temperature long‐time (LTLT), high‐temperature short‐time (HTST), ultrapasteurisation (UP) and ultrahigh temperature (UHT) treatment. The greatest development of CN‐whey protein complexes was observed in LTLT goat milk and the least in HTST goat milk. The CN micelles in LTLT, UP and UHT milk were more obviously changed than the CN micelles in HTST milk, and the random coil content increased significantly after the homogenisation, UP and UHT treatments. The homogenisation had a significant effect on the functional properties of CN. In addition, the most obvious changes in the properties of CN were observed in LTLT and UHT goat milk. The results suggested that homogenisation, pasteurisation and UHT can cause effective changes in the functional properties of CN in goat milk that facilitate its application in the milk industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a novel area of investigation in lithium–oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries due to their distinctive synergistic mechanisms. However, achieving precise control of the active site structure and unraveling the synergistic effects of bimetallic species remains a significant challenge. Here, the study reports a pre‐encapsulated pyrolysis strategy using a Co‐based Robson‐type binuclear complex as a precursor to mediate the synthesis of dual single‐atom Co (Co‐DAC) with precise angstrom‐scale inter‐site distance configuration, serving as an efficient catalyst for Li‐O2 batteries. The tailored structure induces significant charge redistribution, reducing crystal field splitting energy (ΔO). The high‐spin Co species generate a strong electronic driving force, forming flexible σ and δ‐like bonds with the crucial oxygen intermediate (*O). Simultaneously, enhanced Co‐O spin‐orbit coupling facilitates electron transport along the bridging O‐channel, forming highly active Co‐O‐O‐Co electron chains that synergistically adsorb *O, establishing a favorable reaction pathway. Significant optimization of Li‐O2 batteries redox kinetics is achieved based on the well‐defined local structure of dual single‐atom Co sites. This work enhances the understanding of the dependence between rational design of custom structures and corresponding electron transfer dynamics, while providing new strategies and theoretical guidance for DACs to help develop high‐performance Li‐O2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]