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Yanghe decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription and has been used for breast cancer treatment for many years. However, the effective ingredients in the decoction have not been identified. The expression of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 is highly related to breast cancer. Using poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 as a probe, we expressed the haloalkane dehalogenase‐tagged protein in BL21(DE3) E. coli, immobilized it on hexachlorocaproic acid‐modified macroporous silica gel, and established a poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 chromatographic model. The feasibility of the model was verified by testing the retention behaviors of five drugs on the protein column. We applied the model in screening the bioactive components in yanghe decoction. Rutin, liquiritin, and a compound ([M‐H]– 681.7) were identified to be the potential bioactive ingredients. We studied the binding property between rutin and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 by injection amount dependent method, competitive studies, and molecular docking. We found that rutin can bind to the protein through the typical inhibitor binding site of the protein. Therefore, the chromatographic model is a useful tool to screen bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicine. The method is fast, reliable, and applicable to other functional proteins that can screen the potential lead compounds for the treatment of the related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present review is to comprehensively outline the botanical description, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Patrinia, and to discuss possible trends for the further study of medicinal plants from the genus Patrinia. The genus Patrinia plays an important role in Asian medicine for the treatment of erysipelas, conjunctival congestion with swelling and pain, peri-appendicular abscesses, lung carbuncle, dysentery, leucorrhea, and postpartum disease. More than 210 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from Patrinia plants, especially P. scabiosaefolia Fisch., P. scabra Bunge, P. villosa Juss., P. heterophylla Bunge and P. rupestris(Pall.) Juss Of these compounds, triterpenoids and saponins, iridoids, flavonoids, and lignans are the major or active constituents. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that some monomer compounds and crude extracts from the genus Patrinia possess wide pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. In addition, they have been shown to have valuable and positive effects on the immune and nervous system in experimental animals. There are also some reports on the clinical uses and toxicity of these species. However, few reports have been published concerning the material identification or quality control of Patrinia species, and the clinical uses and toxic effects of these plants are relatively sparse. More attention must be given to these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor based on a palladium nanoparticles/graphene (Pd-NPs/GN) hybrid nanostructures composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was reported. The composites of graphene (GN) decorated with Pd nanoparticles have been prepared by simultaneously reducing graphite oxide (GO) and K2PdCl4 in one pot. The Pd-NPs were intended to enlarge the interplanar spacing of graphene nanosheets and were well dispersed on the surface or completely embedded into few-layer GN, which maintain their high surface area and prevent GN from aggregating. XPS analysis indicated that the surface Pd atoms are negatively charged, favoring the reduction process of H2O2. Moreover, the Pd-NPs/GN/GCE could remarkably decrease the overpotential and enhance the electron-transfer rate due to the good contact between Pd-NPs and GN sheets, and Pd-NPs have high catalytical effect for H2O2 reduction. Amperometric measurements allow observation of the electrochemical reduction of H2O2 at 0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The H2O2 reduction current is linear to its concentration in the range from 1×10−9 to 2×10−3 M, and the detection limit was found to be 2×10−10 M ( S/ N=3). The as-prepared nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor exhibits excellent repeatability, selectivity and long-term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor based on a palladium nanoparticles/graphene (Pd-NPs/GN) hybrid nanostructures composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was reported. The composites of graphene (GN) decorated with Pd nanoparticles have been prepared by simultaneously reducing graphite oxide (GO) and K2PdCl4 in one pot. The Pd-NPs were intended to enlarge the interplanar spacing of graphene nanosheets and were well dispersed on the surface or completely embedded into few-layer GN, which maintain their high surface area and prevent GN from aggregating. XPS analysis indicated that the surface Pd atoms are negatively charged, favoring the reduction process of H2O2. Moreover, the Pd-NPs/GN/GCE could remarkably decrease the overpotential and enhance the electron-transfer rate due to the good contact between Pd-NPs and GN sheets, and Pd-NPs have high catalytical effect for H2O2 reduction. Amperometric measurements allow observation of the electrochemical reduction of H2O2 at 0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The H2O2 reduction current is linear to its concentration in the range from 1×10−9 to 2×10−3 M, and the detection limit was found to be 2×10−10 M ( S/ N=3). The as-prepared nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor exhibits excellent repeatability, selectivity and long-term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain severely affects the physical and mental health of patients. The need to develop nonopioid analgesic drugs to meet medical demands is urgent. In this study, we designed a truncated analogue of αO-conotoxin, named GeX-2, based on disulfide-bond deletion and sequence truncation. GeX-2 retained the potency of its parent peptide at the human α9α10 nAChR and exhibited potent inhibitory activity at Ca V 2.2 channels via activation of the GABA B receptor (GABA B R). Importantly, GeX-2 significantly alleviated pain in the rat model of chronic constriction injury. The dual inhibition of GeX-2 at both α9α10 nAChRs and Ca V 2.2 channels is speculated to synergistically mediate the potent analgesic effects. Results from site-directed mutagenesis assay and computational modeling suggest that GeX-2 preferentially interacts with the α10(+)α10(-) binding site of α9α10 nAChR and favorably binds to the top region of the GABA B R2 subunit. The study offers vital insights into the molecular action mechanism of GeX-2, demonstrating its potential as a novel nonopioid analgesic.