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Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, such as FOLFOX, is the first-line therapy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) or metastatic CRC patients. However, the partial response of patients to these regimes and the severe peripheral neuropathy toxicity induced by oxaliplatin makes it urgent to figure out biomarkers for oxaliplatin sensitivity to select suitable patients who benefit from these treatments. In present work, 21 CRC cell lines with different sensitivities to oxaliplatin were applied to RNA-seq. The basal expression profiles of these cell lines were correlated to their response to oxaliplatin. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that expression of 58 genes was correlated, negatively or positively, to oxaliplatin response across the 21 CRC cell lines. These 58 genes were mainly enriched in small molecules biochemistry, Wnt/β-catenin signaling and EMT pathways. The latter two pathways were predicted to be activated in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines. Moreover, 15 genes were validated by qPCR that their expression levels were actually closely correlated to their response to oxaliplatin, in line with the biocomputation prediction. Taken together, our work might provide potential biomarkers for oxaliplatin sensitivity in CRC cell lines and therapeutic targets for combinational therapy with oxaliplatin.

Irinotecan is a topoisomerase I inhibitor approved worldwide as a first- and second-line chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC). Although irinotecan showed significant survival advantage for patients, a relatively low response rate and severe adverse effects demonstrated the urgent need for biomarkers searching to select the suitable patients who can benefit from irinotecan-based therapy and avoid the adverse effects. In present work, the irinotecan response (IC50 doses) of 20 CRC cell lines were correlated with the basal expression profiles investigated by RNA-seq to figure out genes responsible for irinotecan sensitivity/resistance. Genes negatively or positively correlated to irinotecan sensitivity were given after biocomputation, and 7 (CDC20, CTNNAL1, FZD7, CITED2, ABR, ARHGEF7, and RNMT) of them were validated in two CRC cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR, several of these 7 genes has been proposed to promote cancer cells proliferation and hence may confer CRC cells resistance to irinotecan. Our work might provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for irinotecan sensitivity in CRC cells.

Objective: To analyze the surveillance data on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) including the epidemiological characteristics and trend of the disease, in 2010., Methods: Descriptive methods were conducted to analyze the surveillance data in 2010 which were collected from the internet-based National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and 40 HFRS sentinels in China., Results: There were 9526 cases of HFRS reported in 2010 in the country with an annual morbidity of 0.71/10(5), which was higher than that reported in 2009. And the case fatality rate in 2010 was 1.24%. During the year 2010, most cases were reported in spring and autumn-winter season, with November as the peak month. The proportion of cases reported in autumn-winter season was higher than that in spring. The number of cases reported in males was higher than that in females among all the age groups, and similar pattern of mortality could be seen in most of the age groups. The percentage of cases over 60 years old had increased in recent years. Farmers were still under the highest risk. Density and the virus-carrying rate of animal hosts, as well as the infection rate were relatively stable and similar to the previous findings. As to the prevailing species, Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus were still the most common and leading animal hosts. However, the dominant species in sentinel of Yunnan were Rattus flavipectus and Eothenomys miletus respectively, and a new hantavirus called LUXV was found, namely Eothenomys miletus., Conclusion: HFRS cases were widely distributed in most provinces of China, but cases mainly focus on certain areas and present the nature of aggregation. The risk of outbreak could not be ruled out for variety of factors. Population characteristics and seasonal fluctuation had been changing.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of nickel- titanium temperature-dependent memory-shape device(CAR27) for colorectal anastomosis., Methods: Sixty colorectal cancer patients were randomly divided into two groups and received colorectal anastomosis with CAR27 or traditional stapling device. Complications, bowel function return, and the extrusion of anastomosis ring were prospectively monitored., Results: Both CAR27 and stapler group had one case of anastomotic leakage. Other complications such as stricture or obstruction were not found. Time for anastomosis of the two groups were (10.1±1.2) minutes and (11.2±2.1) minutes respectively. Time to first flatus was(3.2±1.2) days and (3.5±1.4) days respectively. Time to food intake resumption was (4.0±1.4) days and (4.3±1.3) days respectively. The differences above between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05). The ring was expelled with stool within 7-16 days. The two groups were similar in operative time and the return of bowel function., Conclusion: CAR27 is safe and simple for colorectal anastomosis.

Biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) early diagnosis are currently lacking. The purpose of this study was to interpret molecular events in the early stage of CRC that may bring about new biomarkers for early diagnosis. Methylation isotope labeling assistant gel-enhanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS) strategy was developed to improve protein identification in quantitative proteome analysis between pooled early stage CRC and pooled normal counterparts. Expression of candidate biomarkers were in situ verified in a 372-dots tissue array, and their relative concentrations in sera were validated in 84 CRC patients and healthy individuals. Altogether, 501 proteins showing consistent differential expression were discovered. Function analysis highlighted the ubiquitination-proteasome and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways as the most regulated pathways in CRC. Two glycol-proteins, alpha1 antitrypsin (A1AT) and cathepsin D (CTSD), which play central role in proteasome regulation, were further examined due to their possible importance in human cancers. Consistent with proteome data, CRC specimens expressed less A1AT and more CTSD than normal counterparts in both tissue and serum levels. By combining CTSD and A1AT, 96.77% of CRC tissues were distinguished from normal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis on a tissue array (P<0.0001). Combined CTSD and A1AT should be strongly considered for clinical use in early diagnosis of early stage CRC, and the methylation assistant GeLC-MS approach is competent for a global quantitative proteome study.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel nickel-titanium memory alloy compression anastomosis ring(CAR27) for colorectal anastomosis., Methods: One sigmoid cancer patient undergone lower anterior resection(LAR) received colorectal anastomosis with CAR27 on November 12, 2009. The following parameters were recorded during 4 weeks postoperative follow-up:colorectal anastomotic complication,first post-operation flatus and bowel movement, extrusion of ring device., Results: The total operation time was 42 minutes, including 11 minutes for colorectal anastomosis. The patient had flatus at the first day and began feeding at the second day postoperatively. The ring was expelled with stool at the 10th day postoperatively. Patient didn't have anastomotic complications such as leakage or obstruction during 1 month postoperative follow-up., Conclusion: This case study primarily indicates CAR27 is safe and feasible for colorectal anastomosis.