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The ZnO@NiCo-LDH core-shell nanostructures on carbon cloth (CC) are synthesised by a combination of hydrothermal and electrochemical deposition method. The effects of deposition times on the morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the product are studied. The results show that deposition times at 300 s NiCo-LDH sheets are anchored onto the surface of ZnO NRs, forming a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected thin-walled network structure. ZnO@NiCo-LDH300s electrode shows excellent electrochemical performance, such as areal capacitance of 667.3 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2, and good cycle stability (86.78% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles), which may be attributed to the larger contact area and rich active sites between electrode provided by the NiCo-LDH grown on ZnO NRs. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is assembled with the ZnO@NiCo-LDH300s and active carbon (AC) as the electrodes, which exhibits an energy density of 0.044 mWh cm−2 at 1.17 mW cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ozone estimates from observations by the NOAA-16 Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV/2) instrument and Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS-N) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) are used to describe the vertical structure of ozone in the anomalous 2002 polar vortex. The SBUV/2 total ozone maps show that the ozone hole was pushed off the Pole and split into two halves due to a split in the midstratospheric polar vortex in late September. The vortex split and the associated transport of high ozone from midlatitudes to the polar region reduced the ozone hole area from 18 x [10.sup.6] [km.sup.2] on 20 September to 3 x [10.sup.6] [km.sup.2] on 27 September 2002. A 23-yr time series of SBUV/2 daily zonal mean total ozone amounts between 70[degrees] and 80[degrees]S shows record high values [385 Dobson units (DU)] during the late-September 2002 warming event. The transport and descent of high ozone from low latitudes to high latitudes between 60 and 15 mb contributed to the unusual increase in total column ozone and a small ozone hole estimated using the standard criterion (area with total ozone < 220 DU). In contrast, TOVS observations show an ozone-depleted region between 0 and 24 km, indicating that ozone destruction was present in the elongated but unsplit vortex in the lower stratosphere. During the warming event, the low-ozone regions in the middle and upper stratosphere were not vertically aligned with the low-ozone regions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. This offset in the vertical distribution of ozone resulted in higher total column ozone masking the ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere and resulting in a smaller ozone hole size estimate from satellite total ozone data.

Presents a study that described an extreme ultraviolet spectroscopic diagnostic for fluctuations of electron density and temperature in tokamak plasmas. Examples of non-spectroscopic techniques for measuring electron density and temperature fluctuations; Equation given for the spectral line emissivity; Correlations of spectral line intensities.

Presents an analysis of the spectra of highly ionized praseodymium and dysprosium recorded for the Texas tokamac plasma. Description of the spectra; Identification of the lines of highly ionized praseodymium and dysprosium; Composition of the bands.

Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) is a long-lived, cool-season forage grass that is commonly used for hay production. Despite its economic importance, orchardgrass genome remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we used Illumina RNA sequencing to identify gene-associated molecular markers, including simple sequence repeats ( SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs), as well as heat stress-induced differentially expressed genes ( DEGs) in two orchardgrass genotypes, 'Baoxing' (heat resistant) and '01998' (heat susceptible). Approximately 163 million high-quality trimmed reads were generated from 207 million raw reads using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. A total of 126 846 unigenes were obtained after de novo assembly of the trimmed reads, and 40 078 unigenes were identified as coding sequences ( CDSs). Based on the assembled unigenes, 669 300 high-quality SNPs, including 416 099 transitions and 257 736 transversions, were contained in 75 875 unigenes. In addition, a total of 8475 microsatellites were detected in 7764 unigenes. When placed under heat stress, the total number of DEGs in 'Baoxing' (3527) was higher than in '01998' (2649), indicating that in comparison with heat-susceptible '01998', heat-resistant 'Baoxing' seems to have more unigenes that respond to heat stress. The high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of orchardgrass under heat stress provides useful information for gene identification and for the development of SNP and SSR molecular markers. The comparison of DEGs under different periods of heat stress allowed us to identify a wealth of candidate DEGs that can be further analysed in order to determine the genetic mechanisms underlying heat tolerance in orchardgrass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]