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Gastric cancer is one of the most common digestive tract tumors, with the fifth highest incidence rate and the third highest mortality rate. Surgery remains the only possible cure for gastric cancer, however, even after radical resection, the vast majority of patients still experience tumor recurrence and the 5-year survival rate is only 30%. Adjuvant chemotherapy plays a leading role in postoperative treatment of gastric cancer. Although chemotherapy can further improve the survival of gastric cancer patients, it has a high incidence of side effects and requires repeated systemic administration. In view of the drawbacks of traditional chemotherapy, the development of extended-release chemotherapeutic agents has become a hotspot in the field of tumor treatment, among which the nanodrug delivery system has obvious advantages in extended-release chemotherapy. In this paper, the research progress of nano drug delivery system in gastric cancer treatment is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Injectable oxaliplatin,su.stained-relea.se microparticles were developed, and their preparation process and physical and chemical properties were studied. Methods: Injectable oxaliplatin sustained-release microparticles were prepared by hot melt extrusion freeze grinding process. The morphology and particle size distribution of the sustained-release microparticles were studied by scanning electron microscope and particle size analyzer. The content of oxaliplatin in the sustained-release microparticles and the release of microsome were measured by liquid chromatography system. Results: The particle size distribution curve of injectable oxaliplatin sustained-release microparticles was stable, and the encapsulation efficiency of oxaliplatin in the microparticles was 46.8%, which was high. The results of in vitro release showed that the release period of oxaliplatin sustained-release microparticles was 144 hours, and the final release degree was above 80.0%, with sustained release performance. The pH value of the sustained-release microparticles injection is within the range of 6.18-6.45, and it will not cause damage to the injection site. Conclusion: Injectable oxaliplatin sustained-release microparticles prepared by hot melt extrusion freeze grinding process have uniform particle size distribution, high drug encapsulation efficiency, excellent slow and controlled release characteristics and stable physical and chemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving crowd formation transformations has wide‐ranging applications in fields such as unmanned aerial vehicle formation control, crowd simulation, and large‐scale performances. However, planning trajectories for hundreds of agents is a challenging and tedious task. When modifying crowd formation change schemes, adjustments are typically required based on the style of formation change. Existing methods often involve manual adjustments at each crucial step, leading to a substantial amount of physical labor. Motivated by these challenges, this study introduces a novel generative adversarial network (GAN) for generating crowd formation transformations. The proposed GAN learns specific styles from a series of crowd formation transformation trajectories and can transform a new crowd with an arbitrary number of individuals into the same styles with minimal manual intervention. The model incorporates a space–time transformer module to aggregate spatiotemporal information for learning distinct styles of formation transformation. Furthermore, this article investigates the relationship between the distribution of training data and the length of trajectory sequences, providing insights into the preprocessing of training data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Amphistomy is a potential method for increasing photosynthetic rate; however, the latitudinal gradients of stomatal density across amphistomatous species and their drivers remain unknown., Methods: Here, the adaxial stomatal density (SDad) and abaxial stomatal density (SDab) of 486 amphistomatous species-site combinations, belonging to 32 plant families, were collected from China, and their total stomatal density (SDtotal) and stomatal ratio (SR) were calculated., Key Results: Overall, these four stomatal traits did not show significant phylogenetic signals. There were no significant differences in SDab and SDtotal between woody and herbaceous species, but SDad and SR were higher in woody species than in herbaceous species. Besides, a significantly positive relationship between SDab and SDad was observed. We also found that stomatal density (including SDab, SDad, and SDtotal) decreased with latitude while SR increased with latitude, and temperature seasonality was the most important environmental factor driving it. Besides, evolutionary history (represented by both phylogeny and species) explained about 10-22 fold more of the variation in stomatal traits than the present-day environment (65.2%-71.1% vs. 2.9%-6.8%)., Conclusions: Our study extended our knowledge of trait-environment relationships and highlighted the importance of evolutionary history in driving stomatal trait variability., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)