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Jian-Jun Xi,1,* Yu Cao,1,* Ruo-Yu He,1 Jian-Kang Zhang,2 Yan-Mei Zhao,1 Qiao Tong,1 Jian-Feng Bao,1 Yi-Chen Dong,3 Rang-Xiao Zhuang,1 Jin-Song Huang,1 Yongping Chen,4 Shou-Rong Liu1 1Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yongping Chen, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325025, People’s Republic of China, Email 13505777281@163.com Shou-Rong Liu, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310023, People’s Republic of China, Email lsr85463990@126.comObjective: Silibinin, a natural product extracted from the seeds of the Silybum marianum, is versatile with various pharmacological effects. However, its clinical application was strongly hampered by its low bioavailability and poor water solubility. Herein, a series of glycosylated silibinin derivatives were identified as novel anti-tumor agents.Materials and Methods: The cell viability was evaluated by CCK8 assay. Furthermore, cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression were tested by flow cytometry. In addition, the pharmacokinetic assessment of compound 15 and silibinin through intravenous administration (i.v., 2 mg/kg) to ICR mice were performed.Results: The synthesized compounds showed better water solubilities than silibinin. Among them, compound 15 exhibited inhibitory activity against DU145 cells with IC50 value of 1.37 ± 0.140 μM. Moreover, it arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in DU145 cells. Additionally, compound 15 also displayed longer half-life (T1/2 = 128.3 min) in liver microsomes than that of silibinin (T1/2 = 82.5 min) and appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters in mice.Conclusion: Overall, glycosylation of silibinin would be a valid strategy for the development of silibinin derivatives as anti-tumor agents.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: glycosylation, silibinin derivatives, solubility, anti-proliferative activity

We propose an approach to detect an unknown quantum state of the atom(s) by measuring the phase shifts of the transmitted photons through a dispersively-coupled cavity. In the framework of the input-output theory, we derive the relations between the phase shifts of the transmitted photons and the states of the atom(s) in the cavity. It is shown that due to the dispersive interaction between the cavity and the atom(s), information about the atomic state can then be extracted by measuring the phase shifts of the transmitted photons through the cavity. The feasibility of the proposal is also discussed with the experimental parameters by numerical method.

We propose an efficient scheme to generate multiqubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states by one- step quantum operation in a driven circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) system. Our proposal is based on a unitary evolution exp( iS 2), with Sx being the collective spin operator in x direction anda controllable parameter, induced by driving the resonator. The quantum operation avoids resonator-field decay and may achieve the GHZ states with ideal success probability. The feasibility with the experimentally-demonstrated circuit QED system is also discussed.

We investigate the self-trapping of a Bose Josephson junction, which is dispersively coupled to a driven optical cavity. The cavity-induced nonlinearity is presented analytically, and its effect results in the appearance of the self-trapping for the Bose-Einstein condensates in the Josephson oscillation regime. In addition, there exists competition between the nonlinearities induced by the interatomic interaction and by the driven cavity for the emergences of self-trapping. Our results show that the driven cavity can be utilized as a possible tool to produce the self-trapping for the condensates with weak interatomic interaction.

The microstructures of as-cast Ti-Al-Nb-W-B alloy were investigated to assess the possibility of eliminating the triaxial β(B2) phase on the crystal boundary through heat treatment and multi-step forging thermal mechanical treatment. The microstructure evolution and growth mechanism were studied according to Ti-Al-Nb ternary phase diagram, and then the process of eliminating of the triaxial β(B2) phase on the crystal boundary was assessed. The results of the experiments indicate that the best way to eliminate β(B2) phase is holding at the 1260 °C for 8 h or 1220 °C for 36 h followed by furnace cooling, but the grains grow appreciably. On the other hand, after multi-step forging with a total deformation of more than 80%, the as-cast nearly lamellar structure can be refined obviously to the duplex microstructure, and the β(B2) phase is basically eliminated.

We employ photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL to study exciton localization effect in InGaN epilayers. By measuring the exciton decay time as a, function of the monitored emission energy at different temperatures, we have found unusual behaviour of the energy dependence in the PL decay process. At low temperature, the measured PL decay time increases with the emission energy. It decreases with the emission energy at 200K, and remains nearly constant at the intermediate temperature of 120K. We have studied the dot size effect on the radiative recombination time by calculating the temperature dependence of the exciton recombination lifetime in quantum dots, and have found that the observed behaviour can be well correlated to the exciton localization in quantum dots. This suggestion is further supported by steady state PL results.

The Al-Ni-Y alloy powder was prepared by rapid solidification technology of inert gas atomization. The diameter of amorphous powder is less than 12 µm. The effects of atomization gas on cooling velocity, morphology, microstructure and microhardness of powder and fine powder ratio were investigated. The results show that the morphology, microstructure and microhardness of powder and fine powder ratio are affected by cooling velocity changed through atomization gas. The cooling velocity of inert gas atomization is more than 1×104 K/s. The larger the cooling velocity, the finer the powder, and the smoother the surface of powder; the smaller the diameter of powder, the larger the microhardness of powder.

By adopting the energy method, a new method to calculate the stability of the composite shell of revolution is presented. This method takes the influence of nonlinear prebuckling deformations and stresses on the buckling of the shell into account. The relationships between the prebuckling deformations and strains are calculated by nonlinear Karman equations. The numerical method is used to calculate the energy of the total system. The nonlinear equations are solved by combining gradient method and amendatory Newton iterative method. The computer program is also developed. An example is given to demonstrate the accuracy of the method presented.