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The durability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and the balance between ionic conductivity and dimensional stability have been the focus of research. To this end, we propose a new type of AEMs with vinyl imidazole as the in situ cross‐linking monomer. The rigid‐flexible balance within the membrane was adjusted by changing the arrangement of the internal segments of the polymer and introducing different monomers into the main chain. The results showed that the performance of AEMs could be effectively improved by adopting an ether‐free backbone and a cationic cross‐linking strategy. The swelling rate of all AEMs was less than 20%. The ionic conductivity of BDCP‐80 reached 102.74 mS cm−1 at 80°C. Alkaline stability tests showed that the ionic conductivity of all AEMs remained above 82% after 720 h immersion in 2 M NaOH solution at 80°C. This study demonstrated that the simple in situ cross‐linking method can effectively improve the overall performance of AEMs and provide an effective way to develop high‐performance AEMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chicken yolk immunoglobulin (IgY), an immunologically active component, is used as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of enteritis. In this study, IgY was embedded in a W/O/W emulsion to overcome the digestive barrier and to investigate the protective effect of IgY against LPS-induced enteritis in mice. Four different hydrophilic emulsifiers (T80, PC, SC, and WPI) were selected to prepare separate W/O/W emulsions for encapsulating IgY. The results showed that the IgY-embedded double emulsion in the WPI group was the most effective. IgY embedded in the W/O/W emulsion could reduce the damage of LPS to the mouse intestine and prevent LPS-induced intestinal mucosal damage in mice. It increased the number of cup cells, promoted the expression of Muc2, and increased the mRNA expression levels of KLF3, TFF3, Itln1, and Ang4 (p < 0.05). It also enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the colon tissue, reduced the level of inflammatory factors in the colon tissue, and protected the integrity of the colon tissue. Stable embedding of IgY could be achieved using the W/O/W emulsion. In addition, the IgY-embedded W/O/W emulsion can be used as a dietary supplement to protect against LPS-induced enteritis in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of radiological medicine and nuclear industry technology, radiation is increasingly used to diagnose human health disorders. However, large-scale nuclear leakage has heightened concerns about the impact on human organs and tissues. Selenium is an essential trace element that functions in the body mainly in the form of selenoproteins. Selenium and selenoproteins can protect against radiation by stimulating antioxidant actions, DNA repair functions, and immune enhancement. While studies on reducing radiation through antioxidants have been conducted for many years, the underlying mechanisms of selenium and selenoproteins as significant antioxidants in radiation damage mitigation remain incompletely understood. Therefore, this paper aims to provide new insights into developing safe and effective radiation protection agents by summarizing the anti-radiation mechanism of selenium and selenoproteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis plays important roles both in normal physiology and multiple human diseases. It is well known that selenoprotein named glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a crucial regulator for ferroptosis. However, it remains unknown whether other selenoproteins responsible for the regulation of ferroptosis, particularly in gut diseases. In this study, it is observed that Selenoprotein I (Selenoi) prevents ferroptosis by maintaining ether lipids homeostasis. Specific deletion of Selenoi in intestinal epithelial cells induced the occurrence of ferroptosis, leading to impaired intestinal regeneration and compromised colonic tumor growth. Mechanistically, Selenoi deficiency causes a remarkable decrease in ether‐linked phosphatidylethanolamine (ePE) and a marked increase in ether‐linked phosphatidylcholine (ePC). The imbalance of ePE and ePC results in the upregulation of phospholipase A2, group IIA (Pla2g2a) and group V (Pla2g5), as well as arachidonate‐15‐lipoxygenase (Alox15), which give rise to excessive lipid peroxidation. Knockdown of PLA2G2A, PLA2G5, or ALOX15 can reverse the ferroptosis phenotypes, suggesting that they are downstream effectors of SELENOI. Strikingly, GPX4 overexpression cannot rescue the ferroptosis phenotypes of SELENOI‐knockdown cells, while SELENOI overexpression can partially rescue GPX4‐knockdown‐induced ferroptosis. It suggests that SELENOI prevents ferroptosis independent of GPX4. Taken together, these findings strongly support the notion that SELENOI functions as a novel suppressor of ferroptosis during colitis and colon tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beneficial effect of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on completely resected pathological IIIA-N2 (pIIIA-N2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been a subject of interest with controversy. The aim of the study was to distinguish the clinical efficacy of PORT on lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) among pIIIA-N2 NSCLC.

以菜籽分离蛋白为原料，在琥珀酸酐酰化改性的基础上采用3种多糖（羧甲基壳聚糖、氧化葡聚糖、羧甲基纤维素）协同TG酶催化对菜籽蛋白进行了糖基化修饰，再通过热诱导制备改性菜籽蛋白凝胶，研究不同多糖与酰化协同修饰对菜籽蛋白凝胶结构和功能性质的影响。结果表明：糖基化-酰化修饰菜籽蛋白，形成了致密且均匀的凝胶网络结构，使其溶胀性能、流变性能和凝胶强度均得到了改善。其中，羧甲基壳聚糖协同琥珀酸酐酰化修饰菜籽蛋白，获得的菜籽蛋白凝胶硬度最大，为92.337 g，弹性较好，为0.960，溶胀率为8.432 g/g；其表面疏水性最高，为1 305.1，自由巯基含量最低，为1.73 μmol/g；其内部形成的网络结构整齐，呈规则且密集的圆形。糖基化-酰化修饰后，菜籽蛋白功能性质的改变可能与其二级结构中α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角和无规则卷曲含量均有不同程度的变化有关。 Based on the acylation modification with succinic anhydride, rapeseed protein isolate was modified with three kinds of polysaccharides(carboxymethyl chitosan, oxidized dextran, carboxymethyl cellulose) and TG enzyme. Modified rapeseed protein gel was prepared by heat induction to study the effects of different polysaccharides and acylation modification on the structure and functional properties of rapeseed protein gel. The results showed that glycosylation-acylation modified rapeseed protein to form a compact and uniform gel network structure, which improved its swelling properties, rheological properties and gel strength. When the rapeseed protein was modified with carboxymethyl chitosan and succinic anhydride, the hardness of rapeseed protein gel was the best (92.337 g), elasticity was better (0.960), the swelling rate was 8.432 g/g, the surface hydrophobic was the highest(1 305.1), the free sulfhydryl group content was the lowest (1.73 μmol/g), and the internal network formed uniform structure with regular and dense circle. After the modification of glycosylation-acylation, the change of functional properties of rapesecd protein was possibly related to the changes of the contents of α -helix, β -folding, β -turning and random coil.