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Aims: Intracranial germ cell tumour (IGCT) is a type of rare central nervous system tumour that mainly occurs in children and adolescents, with great variation in its incidence rate and molecular characteristics in patients from different populations. The genetic alterations of IGCT in the Chinese population are still unknown. Methods and Results: In this study, 47 patients were enrolled and their tumour specimens were analysed by whole‐exome sequencing (WES). We found that KIT was the most significantly mutated gene (15/47, 32%), which mainly occurred in the germinoma group (13/20, 65%), and less frequently in NGGCT (2/27, 7%). Copy number variations (CNVs) of FGF6 and TFE3 only appeared in NGGCT patients (P = 0.003 and 0.032, respectively), while CNVs of CXCR4, RAC2, PDGFA, and FEV only appeared in germinoma patients (P = 0.004 of CXCR4 and P = 0.027 for the last three genes). Compared with a previous Japanese cohort, the somatic mutation rates of RELN and SYNE1 were higher in the Chinese. Prognostic analysis showed that the NF1 mutation was associated with shorter overall survival and progression‐free survival in IGCT patients. Clonal evolution analysis revealed an early branched evolutionary pattern in two IGCT patients who underwent changes in the histological subtype or degree of differentiation during disease surveillance. Conclusion: This study indicated that Chinese IGCT patients may have distinct genetic characteristics and identified several possible genetic alterations that have the potential to become prognostic biomarkers of NGGCT patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood malignant brain tumor and is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Recent transcriptional studies have shown that medulloblastomas comprise at least four molecular subgroups, each with distinct demographics, genetics, and clinical outcomes. Medulloblastoma subtyping has become critical for subgroup-specific therapies. The use of gene expression assays to determine the molecular subgroup of clinical specimens is a long-awaited application of molecular biology for this pediatric cancer. Methods: In the current study, we established a medulloblastoma transcriptome database of 460 samples retrieved from three published datasets (GSE21140, GSE37382, and GSE37418). With this database, we identified a 23-gene signature that is significantly associated with the medulloblastoma subgroups and achieved a classification accuracy of 95.2%. Results: The 23-gene signature was further validated in a long-term cohort of 142 Chinese medulloblastoma patients. The 23-gene signature classified 21 patients as WNT (15%), 41 as SHH (29%), 16 as Group 3 (11%), and 64 as Group 4 (45%). For patients of WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4, 5-year overall-survival rate reached 80%, 62%, 27%, and 47%, respectively (p < 0.0001), meanwhile 5-year progression-free survival reached 80%, 52%, 27%, and 45%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Besides, SHH/TP53-mutant tumors were associated with worse prognosis compared with SHH/TP53 wild-type tumors and other subgroups. We demonstrated that subgroup assignments by the 23-gene signature and Northcott's NanoString assay were highly comparable with a concordance rate of 96.4%. Conclusions: In conclusion, we present a novel gene signature that is capable of accurately and reliably assigning FFPE medulloblastoma samples to their molecular subgroup, which may serve as an auxiliary tool for medulloblastoma subtyping in the clinic. Future incorporation of this gene signature into prospective clinical trials is warranted to further evaluate its clinical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood malignant brain tumor and is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Recent transcriptional studies have shown that medulloblastomas comprise at least four molecular subgroups, each with distinct demographics, genetics, and clinical outcomes. Medulloblastoma subtyping has become critical for subgroup-specific therapies. The use of gene expression assays to determine the molecular subgroup of clinical specimens is a long-awaited application of molecular biology for this pediatric cancer. Methods: In the current study, we established a medulloblastoma transcriptome database of 460 samples retrieved from three published datasets (GSE21140, GSE37382, and GSE37418). With this database, we identified a 23-gene signature that is significantly associated with the medulloblastoma subgroups and achieved a classification accuracy of 95.2%. Results: The 23-gene signature was further validated in a long-term cohort of 142 Chinese medulloblastoma patients. The 23-gene signature classified 21 patients as WNT (15%), 41 as SHH (29%), 16 as Group 3 (11%), and 64 as Group 4 (45%). For patients of WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4, 5-year overall-survival rate reached 80%, 62%, 27%, and 47%, respectively (p < 0.0001), meanwhile 5-year progression-free survival reached 80%, 52%, 27%, and 45%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Besides, SHH/TP53-mutant tumors were associated with worse prognosis compared with SHH/TP53 wild-type tumors and other subgroups. We demonstrated that subgroup assignments by the 23-gene signature and Northcott’s NanoString assay were highly comparable with a concordance rate of 96.4%. Conclusions: In conclusion, we present a novel gene signature that is capable of accurately and reliably assigning FFPE medulloblastoma samples to their molecular subgroup, which may serve as an auxiliary tool for medulloblastoma subtyping in the clinic. Future incorporation of this gene signature into prospective clinical trials is warranted to further evaluate its clinical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: T cell with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) has presented remarkable efficacy for blood cancer as an emerging immunotherapy. However, for solid tumors, the therapeutic efficacy is much impaired due to the lack of infiltration and persistence of CAR-T in tumor tissue. Thus, we constructed an interleukin-7-loaded oncolytic adenovirus and combined the use of oncolytic virus and CAR-T to improve the therapeutic outcome. Methods: We constructed an interleukin-7-loaded oncolytic adenovirus (oAD-IL7) and a B7H3-targeted CAR-T and explored the efficacy of the single use of oAD-IL7, B7H3-CAR-T, or the combined therapy for glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. The improved CAR-T anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated according to the proliferation, survival, persistence, exhaustion of T cells, and tumor regression. Results: Constructed oAD-IL7 and B7H3-CAR-T presented moderate cytotoxicity during in vitro study, but failed to induce a thorough and persistent anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in vivo. The combination of oAD-IL7 and B7H3-CAR-T in vitro resulted in enhanced T cell proliferation and reduced T cell apoptosis. The joint efficacy was further confirmed using tumor-bearing xenograft mice. During in vivo study, the mice treated with both oAD-IL7 and B7H3-CAR-T showed prolonged survival and reduced tumor burden. According to the ex vivo study, oAD-IL7 improved the proliferation and persistence of tumor-infiltrating B7H3-CAR-T, but failed to reverse the exhaustion. Conclusions: Our results indicated that oAD-IL7 is a promising auxiliary therapy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of B7H3-CAR-T in glioblastoma by providing the activating signals for tumor-infiltrating T cells. Our results also lay the basis for the future clinical trials for the combination of IL7-loaded oncolytic adenovirus and CAR-T therapy for glioblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of functionalized hyper-cross-linked resins (HCLRs) with high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (S BET) is of great importance. Herein, a kind of anisole-modified HCLRs was fabricated by two successive Friedel-Crafts reactions and it was used for the adsorption of aniline from aqueous solution. The resultant HCLRs owned high S BET and plentiful oxygen (O), with the values of 650 m2/g and 7.6 wt% respectively. The adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption of aniline on the prepared HCLRs was efficient with the maximum capacity of 200.6 mg/g at 308 K, and both of the S BET and the introduced O were beneficial for the adsorption. Additionally, the as-prepared HCLRs had a good reusability without obvious capacity loss after five adsorption-desorption cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of N-vinylimidazole-modified hyper-cross-linked resins was prepared, and the porosity and polarity of these resins were effectively tuned by altering the feeding amount of N-vinylimidazole in the polymerization. The results indicated that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area sharply decreased from 1258 to 74 m 2 /g, the micropore area lowered from 494 to 0 m 2 /g, the total pore volume greatly decreased from 1.14 to 0.49 cm 3 /g, and the micropore volume rapidly reduced from 0.39 to 0 cm 3 /g with increasing the feeding amount of N-vinylimidazole from 10% to 50% (mol/mol), and the pore size distribution showed a large population of pores in the microporous region extending to a higher part of mesoporous region. Meanwhile, the polarity of the resins obviously improved with increasing the feeding amount of N-vinylimidazole. The nitrogen content increased from 0.579% to 7.68% (w/w), and the contact angle decreased from 89.0° to 31.0°. The adsorption experiments indicated that these resins had large equilibrium capacities to p -nitrophenol and o -nitrophenol from aqueous solution, and they could be completely regenerated by a mixed solvent containing 80% (v/v) of ethanol and 0.01 mol/L of NaOH aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polar modified hyper-cross-linked resins were synthesized by the suspension polymerization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, and the effect of the feeding amount of the monomers (N-vinylimidazole and p -vinylbenzyl chloride) on the porosity and polarity were clarified. As the feeding amount of p -vinylbenzyl chloride decreased from 75% to 50% (w/w), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the resins lowered from 1306 to 436 m 2 /g, and the pore size distribution showed a large population of pores in micropores stretching to a higher percentage of mesopores. As the feeding amount of N-vinylimidazole increased from 5% to 30% (w/w), the nitrogen content of the resins rose from 0.005% to 3.06% (w/w), and the contact angle decreased from 97 ± 4.2° to 28 ± 2.0°. As a result, the porosity and polarity of the resins could be accurately tuned by adjusting the feeding amount of the monomers, and the different porosity and polarity of these resins endowed them with selective adsorption to benzoic acid and Rhodamine B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, a ternary copolymerization method was performed for p- vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC), divinylbenzene (DVB), and methylacrylate (MA), and the precursor resin poly (VBC- co -DVB- co -MA) (PVDM) was synthesized. After that, the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction and the amidation reaction were carried out for the VBC moieties and the acrylate moieties, and hence a polar hyper-cross-linked resin (abbreviated as PVDM-P-A) was prepared. This resin possessed high BET surface area (1010 m 2 /g), abundant micro/mesopores, 0.58 mmol/g of amide, and 1.60 mmol/g of amino groups. The adsorption experiments indicated that it had a large equilibrium (457.9 mg/g) and dynamic capacity (394.1 and 453.5 mg/g wet resins for the breakthrough and saturated capacity) toward salicylic acid, and it was superior to its precursor resins and some other adsorbents reported in literature. Particularly, the adsorption was very fast, 40 min was sufficient to reach equilibrium, suggesting that it was a potential candidate for adsorptive removal of salicylic acid from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we synthesized a kind of novel hydrophobic-hydrophilic interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of hydrophobic polystyrene (PST) and hydrophilic polyacryldiethylenetriamine (PADETA) networks, and the as-prepared PST/PADETA IPNs possessed both hydrophobic-hydrophilic property and medium high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and hence bringing to much greater adsorption to the hydrophobic-hydrophilic adsorbate like salicylic acid. Particularly, PST/PADETA IPNs were much superior to some other adsorbents reported in the literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We employed two polar monomers, triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) and butyl acrylate (BA), to copolymerize with divinylbenzene (DVB), and synthesized two starting copolymers labeled PDT and PDB. Then, the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction was performed for the two starting copolymers, and the residual pendent vinyl groups were consumed, and hence we obtained two novel polar-modified post-cross-linked resins PDTpc and PDBpc. The surface polarity greatly improved due to introduction of the polar monomers, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume significantly increased after the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. Compared with the starting copolymers, the non-polar post-cross-linked resin PDVBpc and some other adsorbents in the references, PDTpc and PDBpc possessed a much enhanced adsorption to Rhodamine B, and the equilibrium capacity reached 578.2 mg/g and 328.7 mg/g, respectively, at an equilibrium concentration of 100 mg/L, and the Freundlich model characterized the equilibrium data very well. The adsorption was a fast process and the kinetic data obeyed the micropore diffusion model. These results confirmed that PDTpc and PDBpc had the potential superiority in adsorptive removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A strategy to synthesize PST_pc/PADETA IPNs was proposed. [•] PST_pc/PADETA IPNs had a large equilibrium capacity towards salicylic acid. [•] Adsorption of salicylic acid on PST_pc/PADETA IPNs was a fast process. [•] PST_pc/PADETA IPNs had a large dynamic capacity towards salicylic acid. [•] Regeneration of PST_pc/PADETA IPNs was regenerated after the adsorption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims at identifyingsuitable resin adsorbents forefficient separation and purification of alkaloids from plant materials.The adsorption properties (equilibrium, kinetics, and column breakthrough)of four alkaloid model compounds (berberine hydrochloride, ligustrazinehydrochloride, colchicine, and matrine) on selected macroporous resinswere studied. The adsorption equilibrium capacities and desorptionratios of the four model compounds on nine different macroporous resinswere measured and compared. It was observed that the resins with alow polarity and high surface area offered a high adsorption capacityfor all alkaloids. The pseudo-second-order adsorption rate equationfit well all the kinetic data, and the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermequations correlate well the adsorption isotherms on the four resins.Among the nine resins studied in this work, the HPD300 resin was identifiedas the most promising adsorbent for alkaloids separation and purificationbecause of its excellent adsorption and desorption properties forall four alkaloid compounds. The adsorption breakthrough experimenton the HPD300 resin using a mixture solution containing all four modelcompounds further confirmed the effective separation of alkaloidson the HPD300 resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The commercial Amberlite XAD-4 resin was post-crosslinked by two crosslinking reagents, α,α′-dichloro-p-xylene (DCX) and 4,4′-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (BCMBP) through the Friedel–Crafts reaction and two post-crosslinked resins named DCX and BCMBP modified resins were prepared in this study. Characterization of the two modified resins indicated that DCX and BCMBP were connected on the surface of XAD-4 successfully and the pore diameter distribution of the modified resins was transferred from 2 to 14nm (XAD-4) to a narrower micro/mesopore region (1–9nm) and a large amounts of micropores were emerged for the two modified resins. Phenol adsorption experiments showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity on the two modified resins was greatly enhanced due to emergence of the large number of micropores and the equilibrium adsorption isotherms could be well fitted by the Freundlich equation. The surface energy heterogeneity of the resins could be described as a function of the isosteric adsorption enthalpy and the tested three resins exhibited different surface energetic heterogeneity patterns. Both of the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate equations could characterize the kinetic data of phenol adsorption on XAD-4 while only the pseudo-second-order rate equation was appropriate for the modified resins and the micropore diffusion models could describe the kinetic data on the modified resins rather than XAD-4. The dynamic adsorption capacity of phenol on XAD-4, DCX and BCMBP modified XAD-4 resins were predicted to be 80.6, 97.5 and 127.0mg/g dry resin, respectively, which were very close to the equilibrium adsorption capacity in the batch experiments and the resin column could be completely recovered by less than 7 BV of 75% of ethanol aqueous solution (w/v). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A type of anisole-modified hyper-cross-linked polystyrene (PS) resin, named HJ-J00, HJ-J04, HJ-J08, HJ-J10, and HJ-J12, was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for adsorption of vanillin from aqueous solution in this study. These resins were prepared from macroporous chloromethylated PS by adding different quantities of anisole in the Friedel-Crafts reaction; they had different adsorption selectivity toward β-naphthol and vanillin from aqueous solution, and HJ-J08 held the largest adsorption capacity toward vanillin. The isotherms of vanillin on HJ-J08 were measured and fitted by the Freundlich equation, and isosteric adsorption enthalpies were calculated according to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The second-order rate equation was shown to be suitable for fitting the kinetic data, and the intraparticle diffusion was the rate-controlling step in the first stage. The breakthrough point of HJ-J08 toward vanillin was 75 BV (bed volume; 1 BV = 10 mL) with the initial concentration of 1000 mg/L, and a flow rate of 6 BV/h, exhibiting an excellent adsorption property toward vanillin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E221-E230, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21268 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of resorcinol modified hypercrosslinked poly(styrene-co-divinlybenzene) (PS) resins, named as HJ-H00, HJ-H02, HJ-H05, HJ-H10 and HJ-H15, were synthesized from macroporous cross-linked chloromethylated PS by adding 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 15% of resorcinol in the Friedel–Crafts reaction, and these resins were characterized and evaluated for adsorption of p-hydroxylbenzaldehyde from aqueous solution. The characterization indicated that these resins possessed different chemical structure and pore structure, indicative of their adsorption selectivity. HJ-H02 had the largest adsorption capacity towards p-hydroxylbenzaldehyde among the five resins and the mechanism was a combination of hydrogen bonding, micropore filling, capillary condensation and π–π stacking. Freundlich equation was suitable for fitting the equilibrium data and the isosteric adsorption enthalpies were applied to describe the surface energy heterogeneity of the resin. The pseudo-second-order rate equation-I was appropriate for the kinetic data and Thomas model was suitable for the dynamic data. The dynamic adsorption capacity was calculated to be 225.5mg/g dry resin, very close to the equilibrium capacity of 241.4mg/g and the resin column could be desorbed by 60mL of 1% of sodium hydroxide and 75% of ethanol completely. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Adsorptive removal of 2-naphthol from aqueous solutions by a hypercrosslinked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS) resin (TEPA-3) was investigated under adsorption equilibrium, kinetic and column breakthrough conditions. The adsorption of 2-naphthol in aqueous solutions on resin TEPA-3 is very effective as indicated by the high adsorption equilibrium capacity (210.0mg/g at 2-naphthol concentration of 100mg/L and 298K). This adsorption process is endothermic because the adsorption capacity increases with the feed solution temperature. The adsorption of 2-naphthol in aqueous solutions on resin TEPA-3 could reach equilibrium within 180min, the adsorption kinetic data can be well correlated by the pseudo-second-order rate equation and a micropore diffusion model, and the diffusion activation energy was determined to be 4.998kJ/mol. The dynamic adsorption capacities obtained in the column breakthrough experiments are within 90% of the corresponding equilibrium capacities obtained in the batch experiments. The Bed Depth Service Time model, the Thomas and Yoon model are suitable for fitting the column breakthrough data. The used TEPA-3 resin saturated with 2-naphthol can be effectively regenerated with a mixture of 1% of sodium hydroxide (w/v) and 50% of ethanol aqueous solution (v/v). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Adsorptive removal of aromatic compounds from aqueous solutions by polymeric adsorbents has attracted many concerns in recent years. A comparative adsorption study including equilibria, kinetics and column dynamics of β-naphthol from aqueous solutions was carried out using two hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents (HJ-1 and TEPA) we developed and two commercial polymeric adsorbents (XAD-4 and XAD-7). The adsorption isotherms could be well described by the Freundlich equation, and the adsorption equilibrium capacities of β-naphthol followed an order of qe (TEPA) > qe (HJ-1) > qe (XAD-4) > qe (XAD-7). The isosteric adsorption enthalpies on HJ-1 and TEPA decreased with increasing adsorption fractional loading, while a constant enthalpy was observed for XAD-4 and XAD-7, implying that HJ-1 and TEPA had a heterogeneous surface while XAD-4 and XAD-7 possessed a homogenous surface. The surface energetic heterogeneity of HJ-1 and TEPA could be well characterized by the Do’s model. The adsorption kinetics were fitted by both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate equations, and the intra-particle diffusion was found to be the rate-limiting step. The adsorption breakthrough data were well correlated by the Thomas and Clark models, and the dynamic capacities for TEPA, HJ-1, XAD-4 and XAD-7 adsorbents were calculated to be 341.7, 321.6, 268.0 and 173.8mg/g dry resin, which were within 90% of the corresponding equilibrium capacities obtained in the batch experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Phenol is a typical organic pollutant in industrial wastewater and efficient adsorptive removal of phenol from aqueous solution has attracted many attentions in recent years. In the present study, a diethylenetriamine-modified hypercrosslinked styrene–divinylbenzene (PS) resin, HJ-M05, was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for adsorptive removal of phenol from aqueous solution, and two typical commercial polymeric adsorbents, Amberlite XAD-4 and XAD-7, were employed as references. The equilibrium capacity on HJ-M05 was much larger than those on XAD-4, XAD-7 and the precursor, HJ-55. The degree of the surface energetic heterogeneity of HJ-M05 was proven to be higher than XAD-4 and XAD-7 while the adsorbate–adsorbate interaction of the adsorbed phenol molecules on HJ-M05 was much less than that on XAD-4 and XAD-7. The kinetic data on HJ-M05 could be well plotted by the micropore diffusion model while those on XAD-4 and XAD-7 could not be fitted by this model. Thomas and Yoon models were more suitable for describing the dynamic data than the Clark model and the dynamic capacities on HJ-M05, HJ-55, XAD-4 and XAD-7 were calculated to be 201.7, 178.1, 107.5 and 74.80mg/g dry resin, respectively. 15.0BV (1BV=10ml) 1% of sodium hydroxide could regenerate the HJ-M05 resin column completely and the dynamic desorbed amount was almost equal to the dynamic adsorption amount. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this study, a novel N-methylacetamide-modified hypercrosslinked resin (HJ-Z01) was synthesized from chloromethylated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS) through three continuous reactions (Friedel–Crafts, methylamination and acetylation), and the adsorptive removal properties of HJ-Z01 toward phenol was evaluated from aqueous solutions, two precursors, the hypercrosslinked resin and the methylamine-modified hypercrosslinked resin, and two commercial polymeric adsorbents, XAD-4 and X-5 were employed as references. The structure characterization indicated that micro/mesopores were the predominant pores and 0.18mmol/g of methylamino and 0.64mmol/g of N-methylacetamide groups were uploaded on the surface of HJ-Z01. The adsorption capacity of phenol on HJ-Z01 was larger than that on the hypercrosslinked resin and the methylamine-modified hypercrosslinked resin due to uploading of the N-methylacetamide groups on the surface and it was much larger than that on XAD-4 and X-5 due to the dominant micro/mesopores and the improved surface polarity. The Langmuir–Freundlich equation was more suitable for characterizing the equilibrium data than the two-parameter Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and the pseudo-second-order rate equation as well as the micropore diffusion model described the kinetic data well. The dynamic adsorption capacity of phenol on HJ-Z01 was calculated to be 59.95mg/ml wet resin (or about 199.8mg/g dry resin) and 1% of sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the resin column completely. The present results indicate that HJ-Z01 is a powerful potential alternative for replacing activated carbon and other polymeric adsorbents for removing phenol from aqueous solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We report an effective approach for tailoring the pore textural properties and surface polarity of a hypercrosslinked resin to enhance its adsorption capacity and selectivity for removing salicylic acid from aqueous solution. Four hypercrosslinked resins were synthesized by controlling the reaction time of the self Friedel–Crafts reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene, and then modified with diethylenetriamine to adjust their surface polarity. The resins were characterized with N2 adsorption for pore textural properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for surface functional groups, chemical analysis for residual chlorine content and weak basic exchange capacity. Adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and breakthrough performance were determined for the removal of salicylic acid from aqueous solution on a selected resin HJ-M01. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of salicylic acid on HJ-M01 is significantly higher than that on its precursor HJ-11 and a few commercial adsorbents including AB-8, XAD-4 and XAD-7. The dynamic adsorption capacity of salicylic acid on HJ-M01 was found to be 456.4mg/L at a feed concentration of 1000mg/L and 294K. The used resin could be fully regenerated with 1% sodium hydroxide solution. The hypercrosslinked resins being developed were promising alternatives to commercial adsorbents for removing salicylic acid and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of novel toluene-modified hyper-cross-linked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) resins were synthesized and the adsorption behaviors of the synthesized resins toward phenol were investigated from aqueous solution. Among the synthesized five resins, HJ-L15 possessed the largest adsorption capacity toward phenol. The phenol adsorption onto HJ-L15 is combination of the surface adsorption and the absorption due to skeleton swelling. The molecular form of phenol was favorable for the adsorption. The isotherms could be fitted by Freundlich model and the adsorption was shown to be an exothermic process. The kinetic curves could be characterized by pseudo-second-order rate equation and the intra-particle diffusion was the rate-limiting step at the initial stage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of novel β-naphthol-modified hyper-cross-linked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) resins were synthesized and the adsorption behaviors of the synthesized resins towards salicylic acid from aqueous solution was investigated. Among the synthesized five resins, HJ-G02 possessed the largest adsorption capacity towards salicylic acid. The molecular form of salicylic acid was favorable for the adsorption and mono-anion of salicylic acid can also be adsorbed by the resin. Low concentration of phenol posed a positive effect while high concentration of phenol posed a negative effect on the adsorption. The isotherms could be fitted by Freundlich model and the kinetic data could be characterized by pseudo-second-order rate equation. The breakthrough point of HJ-G02 towards salicylic acid was 108.8BV and HJ-G02 could be regenerated by 1% of sodium hydroxide solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Chemical modification of gel-type chloromethylated polystyrene (PS) was performed and the obtained resin HJ-C01 was employed as a polymeric adsorbent for adsorptive removal of p-nitroaniline and separation of p-nitroaniline from methyl orange (or Congo red). The results indicated that micro/mesoporous structure played a predominant role in the pore diameter distribution and the average pore diameter of HJ-C01 was 2.39nm. The adsorption of p-nitroaniline onto HJ-C01 from aqueous solution was effective and the adsorption capacity of p-nitroaniline was much larger than methyl orange and nearly no Congo red was adsorbed onto HJ-C01. Fixed-bed column adsorption experiments demonstrated that HJ-C01 was an excellent polymeric adsorbent for adsorptive removal of p-nitroaniline from aqueous solution and it could separate p-nitroaniline effectively from methyl orange (or Congo red) by molecular sieving effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of novel hyper-cross-linked resins were synthesized from macroporous cross-linked chloromethylated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) by adding different dosage of hydroquinone in Friedel-Crafts reaction. The results of the pore structures revealed that the prepared resins possessed micropores, mesopores and macropores, and the chloromethyl groups and the uploaded hydroquinone were partly oxidized according to the results of Fourier-transformed infrared ray spectra. Among these hydroquinone modified resins, HJ-Y06 resin held the largest adsorption capacity for β-naphthol, and its adsorption capacity was comparable with XAD-4 while much larger than X-5. The adsorption kinetics could be characterized by pseudo-second-order rate equation and intra-particle diffusion model was the rate-limiting step at the initial process. The adsorption was favorable at solution pH lower than 6.5. The adsorption isotherms could be fitted by Langmuir model and the adsorption was an endothermic process. Hydrogen bonding between formaldehyde carbonyl and quinone carbonyl groups on HJ-Y06 and phenolic hydroxyl groups of β-naphthol was the main driving force for the adsorption. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this study, a novel hyper-cross-linked HJ-Y10 resin was synthesized and its adsorption behaviors for p-aminobenzoic acid were investigated from aqueous solution. The results indicated that the skeleton surface of HJ-Y10 resin was modified by formaldehyde carbonyl, quinone carbonyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups, the unadjusted p-aminobenzoic acid solution was favorable for the adsorption, the isotherms could be fitted by Langmuir model and the adsorption was an exothermic process, the adsorption kinetics could be characterized by pseudo-second-order rate equation and the initial stage was controlled by the intra-particle diffusion model. Hydrogen bonding between formaldehyde carbonyl, quinone carbonyl groups on HJ-Y10 resin and carboxyl groups of p-aminobenzoic acid was one of the primary driving forces for the adsorption. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel hyper-cross-linked polystyrene resin, HJ-P01, was prepared and its structure characterized via nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, its residual chlorine content and its Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. The adsorption isotherms of Methyl Orange from aqueous solution onto HJ-P01 resin were subsequently measured and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters calculated. The results indicated that HJ-P01 resin possessed a micro-/meso-porous structure, with its surface being chemically modified by phenolic hydroxy groups. The resin was capable of the effective adsorption of Methyl Orange from aqueous solution, although its adsorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature. The adsorption isotherms could be fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model and the adsorption was shown to be a spontaneous, exothermic process leading to a more ordered system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Phenolic hydroxyl groups modified hyper-cross-linked polymeric adsorbent HJ-02 was prepared and it was applied to remove p-nitroaniline in aqueous solution as compared with Amberlite XAD-4. The results indicated that the adsorption at the solution pH of 3.7–7.8 was efficient for HJ-02 resin while that at the solution pH higher than 4.1 was favorable for XAD-4. The ionic strength affected the adsorption slightly and NaCl at a low concentration (<10%) had a positive effect. The adsorption kinetic curves obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate equation and HJ-02 resin had lower rate constant than XAD-4. The adsorption isotherms could be fitted by Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption capacity onto HJ-02 resin was much larger than that onto XAD-4. The adsorption enthalpy, adsorption free energy, and adsorption entropy onto HJ-02 resin were a little more negative than those onto XAD-4. Analysis of the adsorption mechanism suggested that the phenolic hydroxyl groups uploaded on HJ-02 resin and the predominant mesopores (2–5nm) were the main reasons for its much larger adsorption capacity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A microporous and mesoporous hyper-crosslinked polymeric adsorbent modified with phenoxy group HJ-01 was prepared and its adsorption properties for phenol were carefully investigated in this study. Its chemical structure and pore structure were characterized by chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and N2 adsorption and desorption experiments. The acidic and neutral solution pH was suitable for the adsorption of phenol onto HJ-01 resin in aqueous solution and NaCl posed a positive effect on the adsorption. The adsorption dynamic curves obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate equation and the adsorption isotherms can be characterized by a Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters can be quantitatively correlated with the fractional loading and its surface energetic heterogeneity can be described with a function of adsorption enthalpy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Phenolic compounds are one of the most representative pollutants in industrial wastewater, and efficient removal and destruction of them have attracted significant concerns. In the present study, a carbonylated hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent HJ-1 was developed and its ability to remove phenol and p-cresol in aqueous solution was tested in comparison with the commercial Amberlite XAD-4 resin. The HJ-1 resin exhibited excellent applicability in the acidic and neutral pH, NaCl posed the positive effect, whereas Cd2+ had the negative effect on the adsorption. The adsorption dynamics obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate equation and the adsorption rate constant of phenol was a little greater than that of p-cresol. The adsorption isotherms can be correlated to Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption capacity of phenol and p-cresol onto HJ-1 resin was much larger than that onto XAD-4. With regard to the two adsorbates, the adsorption capacity of p-cresol was larger than that of phenol at the same temperature and equilibrium concentration. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the adsorption was principally driven by adsorption enthalpy and entropy. Analysis of the different adsorbability of p-cresol from phenol suggested that the solubility and polarity of the adsorbate played important roles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A kind of phenolic hydroxyl group modified hyper-cross-linked polymeric adsorbent HJ-02 was prepared from macroporous crosslinked chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers by Friedel–Crafts post-cross-linked reaction and esterified reaction. Its chemical structure and pore structure were characterized by chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption experiments. It was thereafter applied to adsorb p-aminobenzoic acid in aqueous solution for its potential application in separation and purification. The p-aminobenzoic acid aqueous solution, pH unadjusted, was the optimum for the adsorption and the salinity posed a positive effect. The adsorption dynamic curves obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate equation and the adsorption was controlled by an intraparticle diffusion model. The adsorption enthalpy was calculated to be negative and decreased with the increase of the p-aminobenzoic acid uptake. The surface character of HJ-02 resin was described with function of the adsorption enthalpy by Do’s model and the result indicated that it exhibited surface energy heterogeneity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An easily water-compatible hypercrosslinked resin HJ-1 was developed for adsorbing catechol and resorcinol in aqueous solution in this study. Its adsorption performances for catechol and resorcinol were investigated in aqueous solution by using the commercial Amberlite XAD-4 as a reference. The adsorption dynamic curves were measured and the adsorption obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate equation of Boyer and Hsu. The adsorption isotherms were scaled and Freundlich isotherm model characterized the adsorption better. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the adsorption was an exothermic, favorable, and more ordered process. The fact that the adsorption capacity of catechol was larger than resorcinol and the adsorption enthalpy of catechol was more negative than resorcinol can be explained in terms of the solubility and the polarity of two adsorbates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers were post-crosslinked through Fredel–Crafts alkylation reaction and a water-compatible hypercrosslinked resin HJ-1 was developed successfully. It can be wetted directly by water and can be used without any wetting process. It was applied to remove p-nitrophenol in aqueous solution in comparison with the commercial Amberlite XAD-4 resin. Their adsorption behaviors for p-nitrophenol were conducted and it was found the adsorption dynamics obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate equation and the intra-particle diffusion was the rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherms can be correlated to Freundlich isotherm and the adsorption capacity onto HJ-1 resin was much larger than XAD-4. The maximum adsorption capacity of p-nitrophenol for HJ-1 resin was measured to be 179.4 mg/g with the equilibrium concentration at 178.9 mg/l and the maximum removal percentage was predicted to be 98.3%. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the adsorption was mainly driven by enthalpy change. The micropore structure, the size matching between the pore diameter of HJ-1 resin and the molecular size of p-nitrophenol, and polarity matching between the formaldehyde carbonyl groups of HJ-1 resin and p-nitrophenol bring the larger adsorption capacity and higher adsorption affinity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Macroporous crosslinked poly(p-vinylphenyltrimethylamine) (PVPTA) and its oxidized adsorbent (OPVPTA) were synthesized and their adsorption behaviors for phenol were comparatively studied in hexane as well as in aqueous solution. The results indicated that the adsorption was enhanced after PVPTA being oxidized, and the adsorption capacity of phenol onto OPVPTA was higher than that onto the commercial Amberlite XAD-4 resin in aqueous solution. The adsorption isotherms in hexane were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models, and it was found that the Freundlich model was suitable for characterizing the adsorption, whereas the correlation of the equilibrium adsorption in aqueous solution was linear. The adsorption was very sensitive to the solution pH and the optimum condition was at about the neutral solution. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters were calculated and it revealed that the adsorption was an exothermic, spontaneous, and more ordered process. Investigation of the adsorption mechanism suggested that hydrogen bonding was the primary driving force for the adsorption. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the good mass resolution (m/Δm) of about 650, the 35Cl and 37Cl isotopomers of p-chlorophenol have been separated successfully in our home made time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). One-color (1C), two-color (2C), resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI), and mass analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectra of the both isotopomers have been further recorded. Within the detection limit of our experiment, the band origins of the S1 ←S0 transition and the adiabatic ionization energies (IE) of 35Cl and 37Cl p-chlorophenol are measured to be the same. The band origins of the two isotopic species are determined to be 34813±2cm−1 by the 1C-R2PI experiment, and the adiabatic IE values are given to be 68094±15 and 68104±5cm−1 by the 2C-R2PI and MATI methods for the two isotopomers of 35Cl and 37Cl p-chlorophenol. Analysis on the S1 ←S0 transition energy of para substituted phenols suggests that the band origins are all red shifted from phenol regardless of the nature of the substituent, while the inductive effect plays an important role for the D0 ←S1 transition process. The spectral properties of the two isotopomers in the electronically excited S1 and ionic ground D0 states are similar, whereas the vibrational frequencies of some modes are slightly different by a few wavenumbers, displaying the isotope effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Macroporous crosslinked poly(p-vinylbenzylaniline) (PVBA) was synthesized and its adsorption isotherms for phenol in hexane and in aqueous solution were comparatively measured. It was shown that the adsorption isotherms in hexane were straight lines and passed through the origin, whereas those in aqueous solution could be simulated by Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption enthalpies of phenol onto PVBA were calculated, and the results indicated that the adsorption was an exothermic process. Comparison of the adsorption behaviors of PVBA, poly(p-vinylbenzylmethylamine) (PVBMA), and poly(p-vinylbenzyl-p-nitroaniline) (PVBNA) for phenol in hexane suggested that hydrogen bonding and stacking were primarily responsible for the adsorption, the nitrogen atom and benzene ring of PVBA acted as hydrogen bonding acceptors and formed hydrogen bonding with the hydrogen atom of hydroxyl group of phenol. Investigation of the adsorption mechanism in aqueous solution revealed that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction were the main driving forces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Macroporous cross-linked poly(N-methyl-N-p-vinylbenzylacetamide) (PMVBA), poly(N-methyl-N-p-vinylbenzylcaprolactam) (PMVBC), and poly(N-methyl-N-p-vinylbenzylurea) (PMVBU) were synthesized and their adsorption behavior for phenol in cyclohexane was investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption capacities of phenol on the three adsorbents followed the order PMVBU > PMVBA > PMVBC. Adsorption isotherms of phenol on the three polymeric adsorbents were measured and correlated to a Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption enthalpy, adsorption Gibbs free energy, and adsorption entropy were calculated using thermodynamic function relationships. It was found that the adsorption enthalpy of phenol on PMVBU was almost twice that on PMVBA and PMVBC. Analysis of the adsorption mechanism suggested that hydrogen bonding was the primary driving force for phenol adsorbed on the adsorbents in cyclohexane, and multiple hydrogen bonding was involved for PMVBU with phenol. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Macroporous crosslinked poly(N-methyl-N-p-vinylbenzylacetamide) (PMVBA), poly(N-methyl-N-p-vinylbenzylurea) (PMVBU), and poly(N-methylacrylamide) (PMA) were prepared and their adsorption behaviors for tea polyphenols (TP) were investigated in aqueous solution. The results indicated that their adsorption capacities for TP followed an order as: PMVBU>PMVBA>PMA. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to Freundlich isotherm and adsorption enthalpies were calculated. It was found that Freundlich isotherm was suitable to characterize the adsorption process and their adsorption enthalpies for TP gave the same order as: PMVBU>PMVBA>PMA. Surface energy heterogeneity was analyzed by Do''s model and the surface of PMVBU was shown to be the most homogeneous. Analysis of adsorption mechanism suggested that multiple hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, and stacking were responsible for the adsorption of TP onto the adsorbents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The optimized molecular structures of cis and trans m-cresol in the ground S0, electronically excited S1, and cationic D0 states are predicted by ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Their vibrational spectra in the S1 and D0 states are recorded by two color resonant (1+1′) two photon ionization (2C-R2PI) and mass analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) methods. In consideration of the optimized geometries, the trans rotamer is more stable than the cis one in the S0 state. Upon the S1 ←S0 excitation, the aromatic ring expansion is expected, and the interaction of the OH group with the ring is enhanced. On the D0 ←S1 transition, the bond length of the C1–O7 bond is further shortened, exhibiting a partial double bond character in the D0 state. The band origins of cis and trans m-cresol are measured to be 35,982±2 and 36,098±2cm−1 by the 2C-R2PI method, and their adiabatic ionization energies (IE) are determined to be 66,933±5 and 67,084±5cm−1 by the MATI technique. Comparison of the IE of o-, m-, p-cresol, and phenol gives the order as: p < o < m

Hyper-cross-linked polymers modified with chemical groups are excellent porous materials for the adsorption of aromatic compounds from aqueous solution. Herein two kinds of imidazole-modified polymers, imidazole-modified hyper-cross-linked polymer with two steps (N-HCLPs) and imidazole-modified hyper-cross-linked polymer with one step (N-LCMPs) were comparatively prepared from macroporous chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS), and they were employed as the adsorbents for the adsorption of salicylic acid from aqueous solution. The results indicated that N-HCLPs owned higher specific surface area and pore volume than N-LCMPs while N-LCMPs had much higher imidazole moieties than N-HCLPs. The adsorption results showed that these two polymers were efficient for the adsorption of salicylic acid, N-LCMPs (295.2 mg/g) had a higher capacity than N-HCLPs (263.2 mg/g), implying that acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding was mainly responsible for the adsorption. The adsorption process was very fast and the equilibrium was attained within 120 min, the pseudo-second-order rate model was more suitable to characterize the kinetic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-supported non-precious metal catalysts with highly exposed active sites have great potential for applications in the hydrogenation reduction of nitro compounds. Herein, a strategy for the preparation of carbon-supported Mo-based catalysts (Mo@C/MC) is proposed. Protein–Mo ion networks are first coated on the surface of microsphere carbons (MC). The coated MC employed as a precursor is then pyrolyzed to produce carbon-supported Mo-based catalysts. Notably, neither pore-forming agents nor post-treatment is required in the preparation of the catalyst. The active sites tend to disperse uniformly on the surface of the carbon matrix, facilitating the exposure of the active sites of the catalyst. The as-prepared catalyst Mo@C/MC shows high conversion (>99%) and selectivity (>98%) for the hydrogenation of nitro compounds under mild reaction conditions (100 °C, 5 bar H2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Benzimidazole-based hyper-cross-linked poly (ionic liquid)s (HPILs) were developed. • These HPILs had high BET surface area, abundant micro/mesoporosity with polyionic liquid networks. • These HPILs possess a high CO 2 uptake with acceptable CO 2 /N 2 selectivity and moderate isosteric heats (Q st). • These HPILs had a high CO 2 conversion property under mild conditions (70 ℃, 0.1 MPa CO 2 in 9 h). Porous materials with high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (S BET) and abundant ionic active sites facilitate efficient CO 2 capture and conversion. Herein, a kind of novel benzimidazole-based hyper-cross-linked poly(ionic liquid)s (HPILs) were developed via the hyper-cross-linking strategy and the as-prepared HPILs possessed high S BET (485–780 m2/g), plentiful micro/mesoporosity, and abundant ionic active sites. The HPILs showed noteworthy CO 2 uptake (79–143 mg/g at 273 K and 1.0 bar), moderate isosteric heats (32–45 kJ/mol), and acceptable CO 2 /N 2 selectivity (IAST: 23–46). Intriguingly, HPILs-Cl-2 exhibited excellent catalytic activity for CO 2 cycloaddition and 99% of propylene oxide was successfully converted to cyclic carbonates under mild conditions (70 °C, 0.1 MPa CO 2 , 9 h). This synthetic strategy is of great importance for the functionalized hyper-cross-linked polymers and the synthesized HPILs are promising for efficient CO 2 capture and conversion under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non‐noble‐metal catalysed‐multicomponent reactions between flue gas CO2 and cheap industrial raw stocks into high value‐added fine chemicals is a promising manner for the ideal CO2 utilization route. To achieve this, the key fundamental challenge is the rational development of highly efficient and facile reaction pathway while establishing compatible catalytic system. Herein, through the stepwise solvent‐assisted linker installation, post‐synthetic fluorination and metalation, we report the construction of a series of perfluoroalkyl‐decorated noble‐metal‐free metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) PCN‐(BPY‐CuI)‐(TPDC‐Fx) [BPY=2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylate, TPDC‐NH2=2′‐amino‐[1,1′:4′,1′′‐terphenyl]‐4,4′′‐dicarboxylic acid] that can catalyze the one‐pot four‐component reaction between alkyne, aldehyde, amine and flue gas CO2 for the preparation of 2‐oxazolidinones. Such assembly endows the MOFs with superhydrophobic microenvironment, superior water resistance and highly stable catalytic site, leading to 21 times higher turnover numbers than that of homogeneous counterparts. Mechanism investigation implied that the substrates can be efficiently enriched by the MOF wall and then the adsorbed amine species act as an extrinsic binding site towards dilute CO2 through their strong preferential formation to carbamate acid. Moreover, density functional theory calculations suggest the tetrahedral geometry of Cu in MOF offers special resistance towards amine poisoning, thus maintaining its high efficiency during the catalytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non‐noble‐metal catalysed‐multicomponent reactions between flue gas CO2 and cheap industrial raw stocks into high value‐added fine chemicals is a promising manner for the ideal CO2 utilization route. To achieve this, the key fundamental challenge is the rational development of highly efficient and facile reaction pathway while establishing compatible catalytic system. Herein, through the stepwise solvent‐assisted linker installation, post‐synthetic fluorination and metalation, we report the construction of a series of perfluoroalkyl‐decorated noble‐metal‐free metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) PCN‐(BPY‐CuI)‐(TPDC‐Fx) [BPY=2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylate, TPDC‐NH2=2′‐amino‐[1,1′:4′,1′′‐terphenyl]‐4,4′′‐dicarboxylic acid] that can catalyze the one‐pot four‐component reaction between alkyne, aldehyde, amine and flue gas CO2 for the preparation of 2‐oxazolidinones. Such assembly endows the MOFs with superhydrophobic microenvironment, superior water resistance and highly stable catalytic site, leading to 21 times higher turnover numbers than that of homogeneous counterparts. Mechanism investigation implied that the substrates can be efficiently enriched by the MOF wall and then the adsorbed amine species act as an extrinsic binding site towards dilute CO2 through their strong preferential formation to carbamate acid. Moreover, density functional theory calculations suggest the tetrahedral geometry of Cu in MOF offers special resistance towards amine poisoning, thus maintaining its high efficiency during the catalytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Porphyrin-based POPs with different heteroatoms were constructed. • N and S heteroatoms were embed into the backbone structure. • PS 2 F showed high Hg2+ capacity of 1049 mg/g. • Functional groups play more important role in heavy metal adsorption. Development of novel sulf-functionalized porous organic polymers (POPs) for Mercury (II) (Hg2+) removal is of great significant, but the adsorbents always suffered by the low adsorption capacity, stability, and efficiency for the reason that the common construction of functionalized POPs from the functionalized monomers or post-functionalization of the POPs always sacrifice the porosity. In this paper, porphyrin-based POPs with different heteroatoms were constructed through the aldehyde monomer (benzene, 2,5-thiophenedicarboxaldehyde and thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxaldehyde) and pyrrole according to the Adler-Longo method. In this way, nitrogen (N) in pyrrole and sulfur (S) in thiophene structures were embed into the backbone structure of the polymers. The functional structures not only act as the linking building block into the stable cross-linking structure, but also offer abundant uncovered functional sites for Hg2+ adsorption, resulting the porphyrin-based POPs high Hg2+ capacity (1049 mg/g), removal efficiency (more than 99.9%), good reusability and selectivity for its highest heteroatoms contents. The adsorption mechanism confirmed the cooperative coordination of N in porphyrin and S in thiophene with Hg2+. This work confirmed the functional groups play more important role in heavy metal adsorption, and the embedded functional sites into backbone also promotes the stability and the adsorption performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the one‐pot Friedel‐Crafts reaction was performed for polydivinylbenzene and 1,2‐dichloroethane, tetrachloride, and cyanuric chloride were used as the external cross‐linking agents to fill the mesopores of polydivinylbenzene. The results indicated that methylene, carbonyl, and triazine ring filled the mesopores of polydivinylbenzene as the rigid cross‐linking bridges successfully and the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area and total pore volume of the resultant post‐cross‐linked polymers were greatly increased and the pore size distribution was readily tuned. Importantly, using cyanuric chloride as the cross‐linking agent produced abundant micropores with considerable micropore area and micropore volume, and the pore size distribution had an obvious transfer from mainly distributed mesopores to predominated micropores. The equilibrium adsorption revealed that the resulting polymer PDVB‐CC using cyanuric chloride as the post‐cross‐linking agent exhibited the best adsorption to phenol with the maximum capacity (qmax) of 448.5 mg/g while the least adsorption to Congo red (qmax: 128.5 mg/g). The kinetic adsorption demonstrated that PDVB‐CC needed the least time to the equilibrium while more than 300 min was required for the adsorption of Congo red attaining the equilibrium due to the much difficult diffusion of Congo red in the micropores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central nervous system (CNS) maintains a high level of metabolism, which leads to the generation of large amounts of free radicals, and it is also one of the most vulnerable organs to oxidative stress. Emerging evidences have shown that, as the key homeostatic cells in CNS, astrocytes are deeply involved in multiple aspects of CNS function including oxidative stress regulation. Besides, the redox level in CNS can in turn affect astrocytes in morphology and function. The complex and multiple roles of astrocytes indicate that their correct performance is crucial for the normal functioning of the CNS, and its dysfunction may result in the occurrence and progression of various neurological disorders. To date, the influence of astrocytes in CNS oxidative stress is rarely reviewed. Therefore, in this review we sum up the roles of astrocytes in redox regulation and the corresponding mechanisms under both normal and different pathological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of carbonyl modified hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) with different porosity was prepared and they were carbonized for production of oxygen-rich porous carbons. The results show that these carbons have high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (440–1769 m2/g) and outstanding microporosity (72–87%), the oxygen is greatly improved after the carbonization with the oxygen content of 20.7–29.2 wt%. The CO2 uptake of PDVC-700-1 is the highest with the value of 303 mg/g at 273 K and 1.0 bar and PDV-pc has the highest CO2/N2 selectivity of 46.8. Interestingly, the CO2 adsorption is linear correlated to the ultramicropore volume (d < 1.0 nm) with the correlation coefficient of 0.9935 (273 K, 1.0 bar) and the O content also plays a role in CO2 adsorption. These porous carbons have medium adsorption heat (28.5–34.9 kJ/mol) with an excellent desorption and repeated use performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor with high mortality. Given the poor outcomes with standard-of-care treatments, novel treatment strategies are needed. Oncolytic viral therapy for glioma has developed as an exciting therapeutic method in recent years. Zika virus, a member of flavivirus family, has oncolytic activity against glioma cells but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we aimed to determine which viral protein might play a critical role in mitigating glioma cell growth. We examined the tumor suppressor function of four nonstructural proteins NS1, NS3, NS4B and NS5 in human glioma cell line U87. As a result, we found that only NS5 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of U87 cells. Moreover, expression of NS5 suppressed tumorigenicity of mouse GL261 glioma cell in vivo. Our findings provide some clues for further exploration of oncolytic Zika virus in the treatment of glioma. • ZIKV NS5 inhibits glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. • ZIKV NS5 suppresses tumor growth of glioma cell in vivo. • ZIKV NS1, NS3 or NS4B have no significant effect on cellular growth of glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The primary amine (–NH 2) was chemically modified on the hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCLPs). • The adsorption of salicylic acid (SA) on the chemically modified HCLPs was evaluated. • The uploaded –NH 2 groups are greatly helpful for the equilibrium adsorption. • Multiple interactions such as acid-base interaction and hydrogen bonding are driving forces. • The hierarchical microporous and mesoporous structure are favorable for the kinetic adsorption. Abstract Chemically functionalized hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCLPs) are desired for efficient adsorption of aromatic compounds. Herein primary amine (–NH 2) was indirectly functionalized on the HCLPs and the aniline-modified HCLPs namely An-HCLP was assessed by adsorption of salicylic acid from aqueous solution. The results indicated that 2.24 mmol·g−1 of –NH 2 groups were uploaded and they are greatly beneficial for the adsorption, the enthalpy change was figured out to be −35.27 kJ·mol−1, and multiple interactions including acid-base interaction and hydrogen bonding are the main driving forces. Moreover, An-HCLP owned hierarchical porosity with continuous micropores and mesopores, which endowed them with fast kinetic adsorption, 55 min is sufficient for the adsorption attaining equilibrium, and the pseudo-second-order rate equation describes the kinetic very well with the kinetic constant (k 2) of 1.266 × 10−3 g·mg−1·min−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Two amino groups modified hyper-cross-linked polymers were synthesized. • The introduction of the primary amino groups makes the adsorption enhanced. • Acid-base interaction plays a positive role for the adsorption. • The maximum adsorption capacities are much larger than most adsorbents. • The hierarchical porosity makes the adsorption reach equilibrium more rapidly. Abstract The synthesis of functionalized hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCLPs) with hierarchical porosity is anticipated for the efficient and rapid adsorption of aromatic compounds from aqueous solution. Herein two amino groups (primary amino and anilino groups) were employed as the functional groups and uploaded on the HCLPs, and hence amino-modified HCLPs were fabricated and their adsorption was comparatively evaluated from aqueous solution using salicylic acid (SA) as the adsorbate. The results reveal that the uploaded amino groups are greatly helpful for the equilibrium adsorption due to the acid-base interaction. In particular, the hierarchical microporous and mesoporous structure is favourable for the kinetic adsorption due to the rapid diffusion of SA in the mesopore channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]