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Faced with measurement conditions such as high-temperature forging, strict prohibition of surface contamination, and toxic environments, using the projection point of an optical target projector (referred to as an "optical projector") as a photogrammetric target has become a necessary method of high-precision industrial photogrammetry. In connection with the current industrial demand, we have analyzed the principles of optical projectors and introduced their optical characteristics and advantages in the field of industrial photogrammetry. On this basis, a series of tests such as brightness, roundness, and so on were conducted to determine the basic properties of the optical projector. A set of performance test methods including inner coincidence accuracy and outer coincidence accuracy were proposed; the tests included industrial photogrammetry system measurement repeatability, surface measurement precision, and a comparison test with laser tracker. The test conditions used optical projection points as the photogrammetry targets. The test results showed that the coordinate measurement repeatability of the industrial photogrammetry system is 0.010 mm, and the surface measurement precision is 0.007 mm under the condition of a single optical projector station, with little difference between the results under the condition of pasting retro-reflective targets. In the process of the comparison test with laser tracker, the image quality of the black measurement object obtained is obviously inferior to other surfaces, so the analysis of the point projector is greatly affected by the color of the measured object and other conditions, which provides a reference for the measurement object and application range of the industrial photogrammetric system based on optical targets. The results demonstrate the applicability and reliability of using the optical projection point of an optical projector as target points for photogrammetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine both the size of a satellite antenna and the thermal deformation of its surface shape, a novel high-accuracy close-range photogrammetric technique is used in this study. The method is also applied to assess the performance of the antenna in orbit. The measurement principle and solution method of close-range photogrammetry were thoroughly investigated, and a detailed measurement test scheme was developed. A thermal deformation measurement of the surface shape of a satellite antenna was then carried out. The results show that the measurement error using close-range photogrammetry was smaller than 0.04 mm, which meets the accuracy requirement. Thanks to the high accuracy, it was discovered that both the surface shape and the rib precision of the satellite antenna deteriorate with decreasing temperature. The accuracy of the surface shape and ribs was lowest when the temperature node was −60 °C. The maximum root mean square errors (RMSEs) reached 0.878 mm and 0.761 mm, respectively. This indicates that the surface shape deformation error of the antenna caused by high and low temperatures is relatively high. However, the requirement for the technical design index (RMSE ≤ 1 mm for the surface shape accuracy of the antenna) is still met. Furthermore, for temperature differences of 40 °C and 80 °C, the measured RMSEs for the surface shape deformation were 0.216 mm and 0.411 mm, respectively. Overall, the technical design indicators (RMSE ≤ 0.3 mm and RMSE ≤ 0.5 mm, respectively) for the surface shape deformation of the antennas are met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: The objective of this study is to examine the expression of profilin 1 (PFN1) in mice with diabetic nephropathy and determine its association with immune cell infiltration. METHODS: This study presents an analysis of PFN1 expression and immune cell infiltration in patients with diabetic nephropathy, utilizing transcriptome expression data from kidney tissue microarray. Additionally, the findings were validated in a diabetic nephropathy mouse model. Sixteen C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into two groups, namely the normal group and the model group, in an equal manner. The model group underwent the establishment of the diabetic nephropathy model through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Subsequently, the expression levels of CD11b, F4/80, CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 in kidney tissue were assessed upon successful establishment of the diabetic nephropathy model. Furthermore, the overexpression of PFN1 was observed in a cellular model of diabetic nephropathy, and the protein expression levels of monocyte chemotactic pro-tein-1 (MCP-1) and caspase-3 were assessed. RESULTS: The expression of PFN1 was found to be significantly increased in the GSE30122 dataset of transcriptome expression in kidney tissues affected by diabetic nephropathy (P< 0. 01). This increase in PFN1 expression was found to be correlated with the presence of macrophages and T cells. Furthermore, the renal tissue of the diabetic nephropathy model group exhibited significant pathological changes. In this model group, the expression levels of PFN1, CD11b, F4/80, CCR4, IL-1R1, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were all significantly increased (P<0. 01). Overexpression of PFN1 could enhance the expression of MCP-1 and caspase-3 proteins. CONCLUSION: Macrophages and Th17 cells were identified within the renal tissue of mice with diabetic nephropathy, concomitant with an up-regulation in the expression of PFN1. This up-regulation was observed to facilitate the induction of apoptosis in the context of diabetic nephropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil physical and chemical properties, soil respiration and extracellular enzyme activity are important indicators of soil properties. In order to investigate the influence of environmental factors on soil physicochemical properties and soil function, 21 soil samples were collected at 7 altitudes in the Mangkang Mountain, where vertical differences in climate are evident. The results showed that the soil was not only a good source of water, but also a good source of water. The results show that there are significant differences in soil physicochemical properties, soil respiration and enzyme activity at altitude in the Mangkang Mountain. PCA analysis showed that the first four axes explained 48.91%, 17.44%, 14.72% and 7.29% of the variance in soil characteristics by altitude, indicating that the indicators related to soil function were higher than soil physical and chemical properties at altitude. There was a significant correlation between environmental factors on soil physicochemical properties and soil function, with precipitation having a greater influence on soil physicochemical properties and soil function than mean annual temperature. The results of the study are of great significance in improving the understanding of the material cycle and ecological functions of the mountain ecosystem in the Mangkang Mountain, and provide an important reference for the ecological protection and restoration of the Mangkang Mountain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retro-reflective targets (RRTs) are important for obtaining the coordinates of the surface points of objects measured using industrial photogrammetry systems. Targeting the low measurement accuracy caused by the poor roundness of the conventional RRT, a novel RRT was designed in this study by covering a die-cut slice with round holes and high roundness on a glass bead reflective film. The roundness of this novel RRT was on average 0.03 mm higher than that of the conventional RRT. The accuracy of the novel RRT was evaluated in terms of both internal and external coincidence accuracies. The measurement repeatability accuracy of the novel RRT was improved by 25.0% compared with that of the conventional RRT. The thinner the die-cut slice thickness, the higher the repeatability in a certain range. Similarly, the plane fitting, flatness measurement, and standard length measurement accuracies were improved by 30.7%, 34.1%, and 28.1%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Regulatory processes of transcription factors (TFs) shape heart development and influence the adult heart's response to stress, contributing to cardiac disorders. Despite their significance, the precise mechanisms underpinning TF-mediated regulation remain elusive. Here, we identify that EBF1, as a TF, is highly expressed in human heart tissues. EBF1 is reported to be associated with human cardiovascular disease, but its roles are unclear in heart. In this study, we investigated EBF1 function in cardiac system. Methods: RNA-seq was utilized to profile EBF1 expression patterns. CRISPR/Cas9 was utilized to knock out EBF1 to investigate its effects. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) differentiated into cardiac lineages were used to mimic cardiac development. Cardiac function was evaluated on mouse model with Ebf1 knockout by using techniques such as echocardiography. RNA-seq was conducted to analyze transcriptional perturbations. ChIP-seq was employed to elucidate EBF1-bound genes and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Results: EBF1 was expressed in some human and mouse cardiomyocyte. Knockout of EBF1 inhibited cardiac development. ChIP-seq indicated EBF1's binding on promoters of cardiogenic TFs pivotal to cardiac development, facilitating their transcriptional expression and promoting cardiac development. In mouse, Ebf1 depletion triggered transcriptional perturbations of genes, resulting in cardiac remodeling. Mechanistically, we found that EBF1 directly bound to upstream chromatin regions of cardiac hypertrophy-inducing genes, contributing to cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusions: We uncover the mechanisms underlying EBF1-mediated regulatory processes, shedding light on cardiac development, and the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. These findings emphasize EBF1's critical role in orchestrating diverse aspects of cardiac processes and provide a promising therapeutic intervention for cardiomyopathy., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Depending on the size, shape, and gray intensity distribution of charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging retro-reflective targets (RRTs) in close-range photogrammetry, and based on conventional grayscale centroiding, this paper proposes grayscale threshold variable-index weighted centroiding (GTVIWC). The centroid location accuracy of CCD imaging RRTs was analyzed and compared using simulated and measured target images, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the centroid location accuracy of the algorithms used in the experiment was relatively high, reaching the subpixel level. Among them, GTVIWC has the highest location accuracy. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the centroid location for the simulated and measured CCD imaging RRTs reaches 0.0011 pixels and 0.0122 pixels, respectively. The correctness, reliability, and high accuracy of the proposed algorithm are verified.