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The present study sought to propose Ganoderma guixiense sp. nov. as a new species based on phenotypic and genotypic evidence. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) sequence data. G. guixiense has been characterized by pileate basidiomata, long stipe, in addition to reddish-black zonate pileal surface. Basidiospores are broadly ellipsoid with one end tapering at maturity, and measuring 9–12.8 × 6.5–9.3 μm. Basidia are oval to subglobose. This study marks the first exploration of the biological characteristics of G. guixiense. The result indicated that the optimal medium of mycelial growth was observed on malt extract agar (MEA) and yeast extract peptone dextrose agar (YPD) while the optimal temperature was found to be 25–30 °C with pH range of 6–7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students acquire skills in problem solving and critical thinking through the process as well as team work on problem-based learning courses. Many courses have started to involve the online learning environment and integrate these courses with electronic resources. Teachers use electronic resources in their classes. To overcome the problem of the limited teaching resources, electronic resources can help students to engage in self-learning more easily. This study addresses electronic resources usage in problem-based learning. Therefore, the aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between the capability to use electronic resources and problem-based learning performance. A quantitative analysis was conducted through the structural equation modeling approach in order to indicate the direction and relationship between these constructs. To conclude, this study suggests that tutor support, peer participation, and internet search capability should be conceptualized as forming part of an important learning context. Further, the results indicate that both peer participation and internet search capability are required to facilitate the development of problem-solving skills. (Contains 5 tables and 2 figures.)

This article presents an applicable real-time thermal model for the temperature prediction of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The load capacities of most permanent magnet synchronous motors are usually limited by the temperature, and overheating is one of the main reasons for permanent magnet synchronous motors breakdown, so an applicable temperature prediction approach is helpful to improve motor utilization and protect permanent magnet synchronous motors from thermal distortion. Compared with embedding temperature sensors into motor structures, implementing real-time thermal model in motor controllers is a cost-effective and rapid response protection method, but it still faces the challenges on the temperature estimation accuracy, the complexity of the model parameters and the computational efforts. To balance every aspect of these challenges, this article tries a simple real-time thermal model to accurately predict the thermal behavior by elaborately modeling stator core losses and considering motor itself cooling ability. The affections of the motor current and speed on the core losses are analyzed and a polynomial equation is adopted to deal with their dependencies. To simulate the motor speed impact on the cooling ability, motor speed is involved in the variable thermal conductance of the motor housing inside the surroundings by another polynomial equation. This article describes how to get the most parameters of the proposed real-time thermal model through motor basic dimensional information and introduces the test methods employed to determine the parameters of the above two polynomial equations. In the experiments, first the thermal model building process is provided by an actual permanent magnet synchronous motor with two simple tests, and then the online analytical expressions with the obtained parameters are implemented in the drive controller to verify the performance of the proposed real-time thermal model. The results of the performance tests show that the real-time thermal model has a good agreement between estimated and measured temperature values, and its performance can satisfy the most actual applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surrounding rock of deep roadway with intercalated coal seam in roof always generates serious roof deformation and failure,and is difficult to control. Unique 2-partition fracture mode of surrounding rock is found by site detection, that there are two relatively independent serve fractured zones in surrounding rock, which are " roadway peripheral loose fracture zone" and "roof separation fracture zone beside intercalated coal seam interface" respectively. The calculation model was proposed, based on which the laws of roadway key points displacement, plastic zone, and asymmetric deformation influenced by the thickness and location of intercalated coal seam and middle wall width of bifurcation roadway was researched, and the deformation and failure mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the existence and development of "roof separation fracture zone beside intercalated coal seam interface" in the deep roof, leads to the failure of the self-bearing structure and the loss of self-bearing capacity of surrounding rock, fracture zone exceed the range of support system, and finally the overall failure of surrounding rock and support. The "inner repair + outer control" asymmetric controlling measure with mainly grout was proposed based on research results, which was carried out in field test, and achieved good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title coordination polymer, [Ag(C(10)H(6)NO(2))](n), the Ag(I) cation is coordinated by two O atoms and one N atom from three 6-quinoline-carboxyl-ate anions in a distorted T-shaped AgNO(2) geometry, in which the O-Ag-O angle is 160.44 (9)°. The 6-quinoline-carboxyl-ate anion bridges three Ag(+) cations, forming a nearly planar polymeric sheet parallel to (101). The distance between Ag(+) cations bridged by the carboxyl group is 2.9200 (5) Å. In the crystal, π-π stacking is observed between parallel quinoline ring systems, the centroid-centroid distance being 3.7735 (16) Å.

In the title coordination polymer, {[Ag(C(12)H(20)N(2)O(2))]ClO(4)·0.5H(2)O}(n), the Ag(I) cation is coordinated by two N atoms from two 1,2-bis-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)ethane (L) ligands in a nearly linear geometry [N-Ag-N = 171.07 (8)°]. The L ligand bridges adjacent Ag(+) cations, forming a polymeric chain running along the c axis. The lattice water mol-ecule is situated on a twofold rotation axis, and links to the perchlorate anion via an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond. The long Ag⋯O separation of 3.200 (4) Å indicates a weak inter-action between the perchlorate anion and the Ag(I) cation. Weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding occurs between the chain and the lattice water mol-ecule and between the chain and perchlorate anions. Both five-membered rings of the L ligand display envelope conformations; in one five-membered ring, the flap C atom is disordered on opposite sides of the ring with occupancies of 0.65 and 0.35.

The title tetra-nuclear Cu(II) complex, [Cu(4)(C(12)H(12)N(2)O(2))(4)(CH(3)O)(4)(ClO(4))(2)](ClO(4))(2), is located around an inversion center. Each Cu(II) atom is coordinated by two cis-O atoms from two bridging methano-late anions and two cis-N atoms from two bridging 1,4-bis-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)benzene (L) ligands in the basal plane, and is further coordinated by one O atom of the bridging perchlorate anion, forming a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The Cu⋯Cu separations in the recta-ngular core are 2.9878 (11) and 6.974 (1) Å. In the asymmetric unit, there are two L ligands with a syn conformation. In one L ligand, the dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the terminal 4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl mean planes are 22.1 (4) and 33.1 (4)°, and in the other L ligand the corresponding dihedral angles are 29.3 (4) and 29.9 (4)°. The uncoordinated perchlorate anion is linked with the complex mol-ecules via weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.