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Geographical accessibility is important for promoting health equity, and calculating it requires the locations of all existing healthcare facilities in a region. Authoritative location data collected by governments is accurate but mostly not publicly available, while point-of-interest (POI) data from online sources, such as Baidu Maps and AutoNavi Maps are easily accessible. However, the accuracy of the latter has not been thoroughly analyzed. Taking Baotou, a medium-sized city in China, as aneample, we assessed the suitability of using POI data for measuring geographic accessibility to healthcare facilities.We computedthe difference of geographic accessibility calculated based on POI data and that on authoritative data.Logistic regression and a multiple linear regression model was applied to identify factors related to the consistency between the two data sources. Compared to authoritative data, POI data exhibited discrepancies, with completeness of 54.9% and accuracy of 63.7%. Geographic accessibility calculated based on both data showed similar patterns, with good consistency for hospitals and in urban areas. However, large differences (>30 minutes) were shown in rural areas for primary healthcare facilities. The differences were small regarding to population- weighted average accessibility (with slight underestimation of 3.07 minutes) and population coverage across various levels of accessibility (with differences less than 1% of the population) for the entire area. In conclusion, POI data can be considered foruse in both urban areas and at the level of entire city; however, awareness should be raised in rural areas.

Abstract Interdecadal changes in the relationship between East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation (EASMP) and the concurrent El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) vary across subregions, making it challenging to holistically understand these variations and the underlying mechanisms. To address this issue, we apply the moving correlation Empirical Orthogonal Function (MC‐EOF) between EASMP and ENSO, identifying a meridional tri‐pole pattern in the interdecadal variation of their relationship. The primary driver of this pattern is the summer Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) sea surface temperature, which has shifted from being uncorrelated to exhibiting a strong negative correlation with concurrent ENSO since the late 1980s. Consequently, the TNA's influence on EASMP combines with ENSO's effects, altering the EASMP pattern during ENSO events. This conclusion is supported by two observations: (a) the moving correlation series between TNA and ENSO aligns with the time series of MC‐EOF‐1, and (b) the MC‐EOF‐1 pattern spatially matches the TNA's impact on EASMP.

Fatigue exerts a profound impact on human health. Jiuzhuan Huangjing Pills (JHP), comprising two functional foods, exhibits homology of medicine and food. In this study, we found that JHP improved fatigue in both in vivo and in vitro models by protecting against structural damage and functional disorders of mitochondria through the reduction of oxidative stress, thereby preventing cell death and enhancing energy metabolism. By investigating metabolomes in serum, skeletal muscle (SM), and SM mitochondria, JHP primarily mitigated oxidative stress by modulating the abundances of organic acids and lipids at multiple levels. Furthermore, we identified the anti-fatigue ingredients derived from JHP and conducted experimental verification to confirm that their pharmacodynamic effects were similar to those of JHP. Our findings suggested that JHP can serve as a candidate dietary supplement to improve fatigue by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through its antioxidant properties to enhance overall energy production in the body.

The movements of molecules at interfaces and surfaces are restricted by their asymmetric environments, leading to anisotropic orientational motions. In this work, in-plane orientational motions of the –C=O and –CF3 groups of coumarin 153 (C153) at the air/water interface were measured using time-resolved (TR) vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG). The in-plane orientational time constants of the –C=O and –CF3 groups of C153 are found to be 41.5 ± 8.2 and 36.0 ± 4.5 ps. These values are over five-times faster than that of 198 ± 15 ps for the permanent dipole of the whole C153 molecule at the interface, which may indicate that the two groups experience different interfacial friction in the plane. These differences could also be the result of the permanent dipole of C153 being almost five times those of the –C=O and –CF3 groups. The difference in orientational motions reveals the microscopic heterogeneous environment that molecules experience at the interface. While the interfacial dynamics of the two functional groups are similar, our TR-SFG experiments allowed the quantification of the in-plane dynamics of individual functional groups for the first time. Our experimental findings about the interfacial molecular motion have implications for molecular rotations, energy transfer, and charge transfer at material interfaces, photocatalysis interfaces, and biological cell/membrane aqueous interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D-ES) has become an important technique for studying energy transfer, electronic coupling, and electronic–vibrational coherence in the past ten years. However, since 2D-ES is not interface specific, the electronic information at surfaces and interfaces could not be demonstrated clearly. Two-dimensional electronic sum-frequency generation (2D-ESFG) is an emerging spectroscopic technique that explores the correlations between different interfacial electronic transitions and is the extension of 2D-ES to surface and interfacial specificity. In this work, we present the detailed development and implementation of phase-cycling 2D-ESFG spectroscopy using an acousto-optic pulse shaper in a pump–probe geometry. With the pulse pair generated by a pulse shaper rather than optical devices based on birefringence or interference, this 2D-ESFG setup enables rapid scanning, phase cycling, and the separation of rephasing and nonrephasing signals. In addition, by collecting data in a rotating frame, we greatly improve experimental efficiency. We demonstrate the method for azo-derivative molecules at the air/water interface. This method could be readily extended to different interfaces and surfaces. The unique phase-cycling 2D-ESFG technique enables one to quantify the energy transfer, charge transfer, electronic coupling, and many other electronic properties and dynamics at surfaces and interfaces with precision and relative ease of use. Our goal in this article is to present the fine details of the fourth-order nonlinear optical technique in a manner that is comprehensive, succinct, and approachable such that other researchers can implement, improve, and adapt it to probe unique and innovative problems to advance the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the effects of dietary Chinese herbs mixture (CHM) including Artemisia capillaris, Gardenia jasminoides, Scutellaria baicalensis, Reynoutria japonica and Uncaria rhynchophylla on the growth performance, anti-oxidative and immune responses, and intestine and liver histology of juvenile large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (initial body weight: 17.03 ± 0.03 g), which were fed graded levels of CHM (0 (control group), 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg, respectively) for 60 days. The results indicated that supplementing 250 and 500 mg/kg CHM in diet significantly increased the weight gain rate and decreased the feed conversion ratio of juvenile large yellow croaker (P < 0.05). The activities of lipase, chymotrypsin, γ-glutamyl transferase and Na+, K+-ATPase were significantly increased in CHM250 and/or CHM500 groups (P < 0.05). Besides, the levels of total anti-oxidative capacity, immunoglobulin M, complement 3 and complement 4 were significantly increased in the CHM250 and/or CHM500 groups (P < 0.05). The expressions of anti-oxidation gene (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nrf2), anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10, il-10 and transforming growth factor-β, tgf-β) and anti-apoptotic gene (B-cell lymphoma-2, bcl-2) in liver were significantly up-regulated, while the malondialdehyde content and the expressions of kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (keap1) and nuclear factor κB p65 (nf-κb p65) were significantly down-regulated after supplementing 250 and/or 500 mg/kg CHM in diet (P < 0.05). The histological analysis of liver and intestine showed the better morphology in CHM250 and CHM500 groups than the control group. In conclusion, above results indicated that dietary CHM (250 – 500 mg/kg) significantly improved the growth performance, anti-oxidative capacity, immunity and histology of liver and intestine of juvenile large yellow croaker.