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Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half-life (t1/2 ) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (Cmax ) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h-1 ·kg-1 ) with a t1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.

GdPO 4 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ phosphors were synthesized by a hydrothermal method with the assistant of PVP. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS and spectrophotometer. The XRD and FTIR results indicated the formation of pure hexagonal phase for GdPO 4 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ phosphors. The SEM image showed that GdPO 4 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ phosphors have the rod-like morphology. The EDS results demonstrated that Er 3+ and Yb 3+ ions have been inserted into the GdPO 4 host. Under the 980 nm diode laser excitation, GdPO 4 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ phosphors emitted green emissions originating from the 2 H 11/2 , 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 transitions of Er 3+ ions. It was also found that the emission intensities of green emissions were sensitive to Yb 3+ concentrations. On the basis of luminescent properties of GdPO 4 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ phosphors, we speculated the possible upconversion mechanism. The emission intensity of Er 3+ ions increases with the increase of temperature, which is induced by the decreases of water molecules and the populated 2 H 11/2 level from the 4 S 3/2 level by thermal agitation.

Based on the Set Pair Analysis theory and fuzzy set, the traditional clustering methods were taken into account from the characteristics of the forward, reverse and uncertain factors. A new cluster analysis method was proposed which allows more flexible clustering analysis. A case study in the materials clustering was carried on for the consumers to look for the most benefits in line with their own requirements.

For the existing problems in the design of mechanical products, based on the theory of fuzzy mathematics, the paper constructs fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to comprehensively evaluate the existing problems. Then, by the obtained results, the model has a high degree of subjectivity. So, the paper combines data envelopment analysis with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, and establishes evaluation model of fuzzy data envelopment analysis. Ultimately, the paper improves the reliable and scientific evaluation model.

To make utility function reflect the comprehensive utility of things and decision, and consider the uncertainty in the decision analysis and things acknowledge, a deeply analysis of the set pair character of utility function is carried on from three aspects: risk aversion, risk neutral and risk pursuit, and then the set pair connection function of risk preference was constructed. Finally, the posture of preference connection degree was discussed.

In the College, performance evaluation system is directly related to the harmonious development of the school. Taking into account the factors in the evaluation system is fuzzy, so this paper uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. But the model is too subjective, so this paper combines neural network and data envelopment analysis method, which ensures that fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is reasonable and scientific, and good school development and teacher self-interest. The performance assessment process, not only enables the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, but also fair and reasonably reflect the achievements of teachers, while this method is easy to use, wide application, and can be well applied in practice.

The regularization which constructs with the first filter function is precisely the Tikhonov regularization. This article has proven the Tikhonov functional minimization problem is decides suitably, namely satisfies the solution the existence, the solution unique reconciliation to rely on continuously the data stability; and this minimization problem in solves the first class equation equally the normal equation. The numerical simulation experiment's result indicated that distinguishes the inverse with the regular reduction solution parameter to have the numerical precision to be high and the stability is good and convergence rate quick characteristic.

Let E be a real q-uniformly smooth and uniformly convex Banach space and K a nonempty closed convex subset of E. Let Ti : K ! K, i = 1; 2; : : : ;N be ki-strictly asymptotically pseudocon- tractive mappings with \N i=1F (Ti) 6= ;, where F(Ti) = fx 2 K : Tix = xg. Let fxng be the sequence generated by xn+1 = (1 ¡ ®n)xn + ®nTn [n]xn; where f®ng is a sequence in [0,1] satisfying certain conditions and Tn [n] = Ti n; i = n(modN). Weak and strong convergence theorems for the iterative approximation of common ¯xed points of the family fTigN i=1 are proved.

By giving a centroid algorithm to extract pixel coordinates of each circle in the center of a circle under the coordinates, through the coordinate transformation the image coordinates can be obtained. Based on the data obtained from above to verify the model, from the specific data of the relative error, absolute error and error propagation theory to discuss the algorithm accuracy and stability. Finally using the least square method, according to the mean square error criteria for the establishment of a minimum of three-dimensional coordinate system fixed relative position of two cameras, binocular positioning mathematical models and by discussing the nature of matrix and the relationship between the relative position of the camera to calibrate the binocular digital camera.