Search

Abstract CircRNAs are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs implicated in the pathogenesis of many pregnancy related diseases, one of which is pre-eclampsia (PE). This study aims to investigate the role of CircPAPPA2 (circbase ID: hsa_circ_0015382) in regulating the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells. RNA sequencing was used to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs in placenta of PE and normal pregnant women. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the expression of circPAPPA2 and two miRNAs (miR-942-5p, 5006-3p) in placenta of PE and normal pregnant women. CCK8 and transwell experiments were performed to assess the function of circPAPPA2 in PE development.The interaction between circPAPPA2 and miR-942-5p/miR-5006-3p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, bioinformatics analyzed with gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of the target genes. The results showed that the expression of circPAPPA2 was increased in placenta of PE pregnant women. Also, circPAPPA2 impedes trophoblasts cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, the expression of circPAPPA2 was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and urine protein. In addition, circPAPPA2 serves as a sponge of miR-942-5p and miR-5006-3p. In conclusion, CircPAPPA2 regulates trophoblasts cell proliferation and invasion by mediating the miR-942/miR-5006-3p.

Globally, ovarian cancer (OC) ranks as a principal cause of cancer-related mortality in females. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of OC, but the efficacy of immunotherapy is often limited by different immune microenvironments. The objective of this research was to pinpoint and validate candidate genes with potential value as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OC. Data on genes associated with gene mutation, prognostic survival, and immune infiltration in OC were procured from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Gene differential analysis, mutation site analysis, prognosis and survival analysis, and functional and signaling pathway enrichment analysis were conducted to identify and evaluate key genes. The genes were further investigated using immune infiltration analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, and immunohistochemistry. The impact of CDSN on OC cell proliferation was investigated utilizing CCK-8, colony formation, and apoptosis detection assays. We identified a set of genes (CDSN, WARS, and CD38) that were highly expressed in OC and significantly associated with mutations and prognosis. Immune infiltration analysis and immunohistochemistry results indicated a correlation with immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, particularly in antigen-presenting cells. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated the diagnostic potential of these three genes in OC, with all three genes showing the area under the curve (AUC) above 0.8. In vitro studies suggested that knocked down CDSN expression resulted in a marked lower in the proliferative capacity of OC cells. The candidate gene CDSN identified through bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments is associated with mutation and immune infiltration, showing promise as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a therapeutic objective in OC.

Abstract Background Good food safety practices are essential to minimizing foodborne diseases. The present study explored the food safety-related practices of residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southwest China and identified the impacting factors. Methods Residents aged 18–75 years from Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Chongqing, China, were included in our study. The convenience sampling method was used to select participants, and face-to-face surveys were conducted in households and communities to collect data. Descriptive statistics including sociodemographic characteristics of respondents and weighted percentages were obtained and the log-binomial regression was used to evaluate the influencing factors associated with food safety-related practices. Results Overall, 7,848 respondents were involved, with 97.5% efficacy. Disparities in food safety-related practices were observed between males and females, with the former performing poorer practices than the latter (70.5% vs. 68.0%, respectively). Notably, paying attention to nutrition labels when shopping for prepackaged foods was the worst practice. Age, ethnicity, region, occupation, education level, and income were identified as significant determinants of food safety-related practices. Moreover, in comparison to males, females were more likely to acquire pertinent knowledge from diverse sources, including social media, family members/ friends, books/ newspapers/ magazines, experts, and food sales staff (p

Abstract Background Many studies have shown that coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via distal radial access (DRA) are safe and effective. Safety and efficacy of neuroangiography and neurointerventions via DRA are unknown. Purpose Search the literatures on neuroangiography and neurointerventions via DRA and conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were searched from inception to November 10, 2022. After literature screening, data extraction and assessment of literature quality, random effects model was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 236 literatures were retrieved, and 17 literatures including 1163 patients were finally included for meta-analysis.The pooled access success rate was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.94–0.98), and the heterogeneity was obvious (I2 = 55.5%). The pooled access-related complications incidence rate was 0.03 (95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.05), and the heterogeneity was not obvious (I2 = 15.8%). Conclusion Neuroangiography and neurointerventions via DRA may be safe and effective. DRA is an alternative access for neuroangiography and neurointerventions.

Abstract Background The 2017 Oxford classification of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) recently reported that crescents could predict a worse renal outcome. Early prediction of crescent formation can help physicians determine the appropriate intervention, and thus, improve the outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to establish a nomogram model for the prediction of crescent formation in IgA nephropathy patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 200 cases of biopsy-proven IgAN patients. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression was applied to screen for influencing factors of crescent formation in IgAN patients. The performance of the proposed nomogram was evaluated based on Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis. Results Multivariate logistic analysis showed that urinary protein ≥ 1 g (OR = 3.129, 95%CI = 1.454–6.732), urinary red blood cell (URBC) counts ≥ 30/ul (OR = 3.190, 95%CI = 1.590–6.402), mALBU ≥ 1500 mg/L(OR = 2.330, 95%CI = 1.008–5.386), eGFR

Background: Clinical nutritionists are responsible for nutritional therapy in clinical practice, which significantly enhances patients’ nutritional status. This study aims to develop and validate a competency evaluation scale to effectively assess the abilities of clinical nutritionists. Methods: The competency evaluation scale for clinical nutritionists was developed based on the iceberg model, utilizing literature review, semi-structured interviews, and the Delphi method. The weights of each indicator were calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed through questionnaire surveys. Results: The competency evaluation scale of clinical nutritionists comprised five primary indicators, twelve secondary indicators, and sixty-six tertiary indicators. The primary indicators, including professional theoretical knowledge, professional practical skills, humanistic practice ability, interpersonal communication ability, and professional development capability, have respective weights of 0.2168, 0.2120, 0.2042, 0.2022, and 0.1649. The Cronbach’s α coefficients of the five dimensions of the scale were 0.970, 0.978, 0.969, 0.962, and 0.947, respectively. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis showed that the prerequisites for factor analysis were satisfied. Additionally, Bartlett’s test of sphericity yielded a significance level of p < 0.001, confirming the scale’s reliability and validity. Conclusions: The competency evaluation scale for clinical nutritionists developed in this study is of high scientific reliability and validity, which provides assessment criteria for the training and assessment of clinical nutritionists.

Given the important role of polymyxin B (PB) in the treatment of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, the emergence of PB resistance poses a serious threat to public health. Adjuvant development is a supplementary strategy that can compensate for the lack of novel antibiotics by protecting PB. In this study, we found a small molecule named Lyb24 that showed weak antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 10 μg/ml) but potentiated and revitalized the efficacy of PB against Gram-negative pathogens, including mcr-1- and mgrB-deletion-mediated PB-resistant strains. Our results showed that Lyb24 inhibits the translational levels of genes associated with the modification of lipid A. In addition, Lyb24 increases the permeability, disrupts the integrity and induces the depolarization of the membrane. We further found that both Lyb24 and PB could directly bind to AzoR and inhibit its activity. Structural analysis showed that Lyb24 binds to the isoalloxazine ring of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) through pi-pi stacking and loop η4 of AzoR. A pneumonia model was used to confirm that the activity against clinical PB-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was enhanced due to Lyb24 on PB. In conclusion, we provide a potential therapeutic regimen by combining Lyb24 and PB to treat Gram-negative-resistant bacterial infections. Our findings not only explain the synergistic effect of Lyb24, but also expand our knowledge on the mechanism of action of PB.

Abstract Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium is a promising antigen delivery system for live vaccines such as polysaccharides. The length of polysaccharides is a well-known key factor in modulating the immune response induced by glycoconjugates. However, the relationship between the length of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen (OAg) and the immunogenicity of S. Typhimurium remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the effect of OAg length determined by wzz ST on Salmonella colonization, cell membrane permeability, antimicrobial activity, and immunogenicity by comparing the S. Typhimurium wild-type ATCC14028 strain to those with various OAg lengths of the Δwzz ST mutant and Δwzz ST::wzz ECO2. The analysis of the OAg length distribution revealed that, except for the very long OAg, the short OAg length of 2–7 repeat units (RUs) was obtained from the Δwzz ST mutant, the intermediate OAg length of 13–21 RUs was gained from Δwzz ST::wzz ECO2, and the long OAg length of over 20 RUs was gained from the wild-type. In addition, we found that the OAg length affected Salmonella colonization, cell permeability, and antibiotic resistance. Immunization of mice revealed that shortening the OAg length by altering wzz ST had an effect on serum bactericidal ability, complement deposition, and humoral immune response. S. Typhimurium mutant strain Δwzz ST::wzz ECO2 possessed good immunogenicity and was the optimum option for delivering E. coli O2 O-polysaccharides. Furthermore, the attenuated strain ATCC14028 ΔasdΔcrpΔcyaΔrfbPΔwzz ST::wzz ECO2-delivered E. coli O2 OAg gene cluster outperforms the ATCC14028 ΔasdΔcrpΔcyaΔrfbP in terms of IgG eliciting, cytokine expression, and immune protection in chickens. This study sheds light on the role of OAg length in Salmonella characteristics, which may have a potential application in optimizing the efficacy of delivered polysaccharide vaccines.

Abstract Background BMP9-stimulated DPSCs, SCAPs and PDLSCs are effective candidates for repairing maxillofacial bone defects in tissue engineering, while the most suitable seed cell source among these three hDMSCs and the optimal combination of most suitable type of hDMSCs and BMP9 have rarely been explored. Moreover, the orthotopic maxillofacial bone defect model should be valuable but laborious and time-consuming to evaluate various candidates for bone regeneration. Thus, inspired from the maxillofacial bone defects and the traditional in vivo ectopic systems, we developed an intrabony defect repair model to recapitulate the healing events of orthotopic maxillofacial bone defect repair and further explore the optimized combinations of most suitable hDMSCs and BMP9 for bone defect repair based on this modified ectopic system. Methods Intrabony defect repair model was developed by using decellularized bone matrix (DBM) constructs prepared from the cancellous part of porcine lumbar vertebral body. We implanted DBM constructs subcutaneously on the flank of each male NU/NU athymic nude mouse, followed by directly injecting the cell suspension of different combinations of hDMSCs and BMP9 into the central hollow area of the constructs 7 days later. Then, the quality of the bony mass, including bone volume fraction (BV/TV), radiographic density (in Hounsfield units (HU)) and the height of newly formed bone, was measured by micro-CT. Furthermore, the H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to exam new bone and new blood vessel formation in DBM constructs. Results BMP9-stimulated periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) exhibited the most effective bone regeneration among the three types of hDMSCs in DBM constructs. Furthermore, an optimal dose of PDLSCs with a specific extent of BMP9 stimulation was confirmed for efficacious new bone and new blood vessel formation in DBM constructs. Conclusions The reported intrabony defect repair model can be used to identify optimized combinations of suitable seed cells and biological factors for bone defect repair and subsequent development of efficacious bone tissue engineering therapies.

Objectives Personal health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others. Health literacy levels remain low, despite the many measures that have been taken to improve it. In addition, the number of patients with chronic diseases is increasing. Our study aimed to explore the different aspects and factors influencing health literacy among patients with chronic diseases in Chongqing, China.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting and patients This study was conducted in Chongqing using the 2018 National Questionnaire on Health Literacy of Residents administered to 27 336 patients with chronic diseases.Outcome measures The prevalence and factors of health literacy in patients with chronic diseases.Results Among the patients who participated in the study (n=27 336), 51.3% were males. Only 21.6% of the patients with chronic diseases had adequate health literacy (questionnaire score was equal to or exceeded 80% of the total questionnaire score). Patients with chronic diseases aged 25–34 years (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.36) and 35–44 years (OR=1.18, 95 % CI 1.03 to 1.35) had higher health literacy than patients aged 65–69 years. Patients from rural areas had higher health literacy levels than those from urban areas (OR=0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.00). Furthermore, married patients had lower health literacy than unmarried patients (OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.97). Patients who were illiterate or slightly literate (OR=0.10, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.12) had lower health literacy than patients who were in junior college or had a bachelor’s degree or above. In addition, non-farmers had higher health literacy levels than farmers (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.28). In terms of inadequate health literacy, patients who self-rated themselves as healthy had higher health literacy than those who self-rated as unhealthy (OR=1.80, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.43).Conclusions The health literacy of patients with chronic conditions remains at a low level and varies significantly with their demographic and social characteristics. These findings indicate that targeted interventions may be useful to improve health literacy in patients with chronic conditions in China.

IntroductionPeriapical alveolar bone loss is the common consequence of apical periodontitis (AP) caused by persistent local inflammation around the apical area. Human stem cells from apical papilla (hSCAPs) play a crucial role in the restoration of bone lesions during AP. Studies have recently identified the critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in AP pathogenesis, but little is known about their function and potential molecular mechanism, especially in the osteogenesis of hSCAPs during AP. Here, we investigated the role of clinical sample-based specific miRNAs in the osteogenesis of hSCAPs.MethodsDifferential expression of miRNAs were detected in the periapical tissues of normal and patients with AP via transcriptomic analysis, and the expression of miR-199a-5p was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Treatment of hSCAPs with miR-199a-5p mimics while loaded onto beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramic particle scaffold to explore its effect on osteogenesis in vivo. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Luciferase reporter assay were conducted to identify the target gene of miR-199a-5p.ResultsThe expression of miR-199a-5p was decreased in the periapical tissues of AP patients, and miR-199a-5p mimics markedly enhanced cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs, while miR-199a-5p antagomir dramatically attenuated hSCAPs osteogenesis. Moreover, we identified and confirmed Interferon Induced Protein with Tetratricopeptide Repeats 2 (IFIT2) as a specific target of miR-199a-5p, and silencing endogenous IFIT2 expression alleviated the inhibitory effect of miR-199a-5p antagomir on the osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs. Furthermore, miR-199a-5p mimics transfected hSCAPs loaded onto beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds induced robust subcutaneous ectopic bone formation in vivo.DiscussionThese results strengthen our understanding of predictors and facilitators of the key AP miRNAs (miR-199a-5p) in bone lesion repair under periapical inflammatory conditions. And the regulatory networks will be instrumental in exploring the underlying mechanisms of AP and lay the foundation for future regenerative medicine based on dental mesenchymal stem cells.

SATB2 (special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2) is a member of the special AT-rich binding protein family. As a transcription regulator, SATB2 mainly integrates higher-order chromatin organization. SATB2 expression appears to be tissue- and stage-specific, and is governed by several cellular signaling molecules and mediators. Expressed in branchial arches and osteoblast-lineage cells, SATB2 plays a significant role in craniofacial pattern and skeleton development. In addition to regulating osteogenic differentiation, SATB2 also displays versatile functions in neural development and cancer progression. As an osteoinductive factor, SATB2 holds great promise in improving bone regeneration toward bone defect repair. In this review, we have summarized our current understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of SATB2 in craniofacial and skeleton development, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis and regenerative medicine.

ObjectivesMendelian randomization (MR) was used to estimate the causal relationship between body mass index (BMI), ever smoked, heart failure, alcohol intake frequency, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and pulmonary embolism (PE). This study aimed to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between BMI, the presence of smoking, heart failure, frequency of alcohol intake, IBD, and PE.MethodsPooled data on PE from a published GWAS meta-analysis involving approximately 461,164 participants of European ancestry were selected. A publicly available pooled dataset of BMI (461,460), ever smokers (461,066), heart failure (977,323), IBD (75,000), and frequency of alcohol intake (462,346) was used from another independent GWAS. MR was performed using established analysis methods, including Wald ratios, inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger. Also, the final expansion was validated with multivariate MR.ResultsIn the IVW model, genetically elevated BMI was causally associated with PE [OR = 1.002, 95% CI (1.001, 1004), P = 0.039]. Cochran’s Q test was used to detect heterogeneity in the MR-Egger analysis (P = 0.576). Therefore, the effect of gene-level heterogeneity was not considered. In the MR analysis of other risk factors, we observed genes for ever smoking [IVW OR = 1.004, 95% CI (0.997, 1.012)], heart failure [IVW OR = 0.999, 95% CI (0.996, 1.001)], IBD [IVW OR = 1.000, 95% CI (0.999, 1.001)], and frequency of alcohol intake [IVW OR = 1.002, 95% CI (1.000, 1.004)] were not causally associated with PE. Analysis using multivariate MR expansion showed no causal effect of BMI on PE considering the effect of height as well as weight (P = 0.926).ConclusionIn European populations, a causal relationship exists between BMI and PE: increased BMI leads to PE. In contrast, ever smoking, heart failure, frequency of alcohol intake, and IBD are not directly associated with PE. There was no causal effect of BMI with PE in multivariate Mendelian randomized analysis.

At present, there is a lack of indicators, which can accurately predict the post-percutaneous coronary intervention (post-PCI) vessel-oriented composite endpoint (VOCE). Recent studies showed that the post-PCI quantitative flow ratio (QFR) can predict post-PCI VOCE. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched from inception to March 27, 2022, and the cohort studies about that the post-PCI QFR predicts post-PCI VOCE were screened. Meta-analysis was performed, including 6 studies involving 4518 target vessels. The results of the studies included in this meta-analysis all showed that low post-PCI QFR was an independent risk factor for post-PCI VOCE after adjusting for other factors, HR (95% CI) ranging from 2.718 (1.347–5.486) to 6.53 (2.70–15.8). Our meta-analysis showed that the risk of post-PCI VOCE was significantly higher in the lower post-PCI QFR group than in the higher post-PCI QFR group (HR: 4.14, 95% CI: 3.00–5.70, P

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to provide recommendations for reducing the impact of hepatitis B infection on patients with chronic hepatitis B by describing their experiences during the diagnosis process. Methods We conducted face-to-face interviews with 50 hepatitis B patients recruited by convenient sampling from an infectious diseases department of a teaching hospital in Chongqing, China from July to August 2019. Thematic analysis framework included interviewees’ social demographic characteristics, diagnosis approach, signs and symptoms before diagnosis, feelings after diagnosis, and doctor’s instructions. Results Most patients first detected hepatitis B through various types of physical examinations when the patients were asymptomatic or had only mild symptoms. Most patients were shocked, scared, or overwhelmed when they were diagnosed with hepatitis B. They were able to remember the doctor’s instructions about maintaining a healthy lifestyle, but not impressed by the doctor’s advice about regular follow-up liver function tests. The lack of regular follow-up has caused irreversible damage to some patients. Conclusions Most patients are passively diagnosed with hepatitis B due to their lack of awareness on active hepatitis B prevention. Patients need professional mental health care to overcome the negative emotions that following the diagnosis. Physicians’ instruction should emphasize the importance of regular follow-up liver function tests in addition to a healthy lifestyle.

The existing methods of learning to rank often ignore the relationship between ranking features. If the relationship between them can be fully utilized, the performance of learning to rank methods can be improved. Aiming at this problem, an approach of learning to rank that combines a multi-head self-attention mechanism with Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets (CGAN) is proposed in this paper, named *GAN-LTR. The proposed approach improves some design ideas of Information Retrieval Generative Adversarial Networks (IRGAN) framework applied to web search, and a new network model is constructed by integrating convolution layer, multi-head self-attention layer, residual layer, fully connected layer, batch normalization, and dropout technologies into the generator and discriminator of Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets (CGAN). The convolutional neural network is used to extract the ranking feature representation of the hidden layer and capture the internal correlation and interactive information between features. The multi-head self-attention mechanism is used to fuse feature information in multiple vector subspaces and capture the attention weight of features, so as to assign appropriate weights to different features. The experimental results on the MQ2008-semi learning to rank dataset show that compared with IRGAN, our proposed learning to rank method *GAN-LTR has certain performance advantages in various performance indicators on the whole.

The emergence of polymyxin B (PB) resistant Gram-negative bacteria poses an important clinical and public health threat. Antibiotic adjuvants development is a complementary strategy that fills the gap in new antibiotics. Here, we described the discovery of the enhancement capacity of compound 666-15, previously identified as an inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), on the activity of PB against Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that this compound reduced the transcription and translation levels of genes related to lipid A modification in the presence of PB. We also identified that 666-15 reduces the ATP hydrolyzation activity of CrrB, and P151L mutation mediates the resistance of bacteria to the enhancement of 666-15. Our results demonstrated the potential of 666-15 in clinical application and support the further development of a PB synergist based on this compound.

ABSTRACT Blocking host cell death is an important virulence strategy employed by many bacterial pathogens. We recently reported that Shigella flexneri inhibits host pyroptosis by delivering a type III secretion system (T3SS) effector OspC3 that catalyzes a novel arginine ADP-riboxanation modification on caspase-4/11. Here, we investigated the OspC3 homologue CopC from Chromobacterium violaceum, an opportunistic but sometimes deadly bacterial pathogen. CopC bears the same arginine ADP-riboxanase activity as OspC3, but with a different substrate specificity. Through proteomic analysis, we first identified host calmodulin (CaM) as a binding partner of CopC. The analyses additionally revealed that CopC preferably modifies apoptotic caspases including caspase-7, -8 and -9. This results in suppression of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis programs in C. violaceum-infected cells. Biochemical reconstitution showed that CopC requires binding to CaM, specifically in the calcium-free state, to achieve efficient ADP-riboxanation of the caspases. We determined crystal structure of the CaM-CopC-CASP7 ternary complex, which illustrates the caspase recognition mechanism and a unique CaM-binding mode in CopC. Structure-directed mutagenesis validated the functional significance of CaM binding for stimulating CopC modification of its caspase substrates. CopC adopts an ADP-ribosyltransferase-like fold with a unique His-Phe-Glu catalytic triad, featuring two acidic residues critical for site-specific arginine ADP-riboxanation. Our study expands and deepens our understanding of the OspC family of ADP-riboxanase effectors. IMPORTANCE Programmed cell death is a suicidal defense mechanism for eukaryotes to combat pathogen infection. In the evolutionary arms race with the host, bacteria are endowed with ingenious tactics to block host cell death to facilitate their replication. Here, we report that the C. violaceum effector CopC ADP-riboxanates caspase-7/8/9, enabled by interacting with the host factor calmodulin, to block host cell apoptosis, illustrating a unique and sophisticated strategy adopted by the pathogen to counteract host defense.

Abstract Tumor initiation, development, and relapse may be closely associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). The complicated mechanisms underlying the maintenance of CSCs are keeping in illustration. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), due to their multifunction in various biological processes, have been indicated to play a crucial role in CSC renewal and stemness maintenance. Using lncRNA array, we identified a novel lncRNA (named lnc408) in epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related breast CSCs (BCSCs). The lnc408 is high expressed in BCSCs in vitro and in vivo. The enhanced lnc408 is critical to BCSC characteristics and tumorigenesis. Lnc408 can recruit transcript factor SP3 to CBY1 promoter to serve as an inhibitor in CBY1 transcription in BCSCs. The high expressed CBY1 in non-BCSC interacts with 14-3-3 and β-catenin to form a ternary complex, which leads a translocation of the ternary complex into cytoplasm from nucleus and degradation of β-catenin in phosphorylation-dependent pattern. The lnc408-mediated decrease of CBY1 in BCSCs impairs the formation of 14-3-3/β-catenin/CBY1 complex, and keeps β-catenin in nucleus to promote CSC-associated CD44, SOX2, Nanog, Klf4, and c-Myc expressions and contributes to mammosphere formation; however, restoration of CBY1 expression in tumor cells reduces BCSC and its enrichment, thus lnc408 plays an essential role in maintenance of BCSC stemness. In shortly, these findings highlight that the novel lnc408 functions as an oncogenic factor by recruiting SP3 to inhibit CBY1 expression and β-catenin accumulation in nucleus to maintain stemness properties of BCSCs. Lnc408–CBY1–β-catenin signaling axis might serve as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Abstract Background After the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China, the increase in parity has led to an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The impact of one and two fetuses on the incidence of fetal macrosomia has not been fully confirmed in China. This study aimed to explore the differences in the incidence of fetal macrosomia in first and second pregnancies in Western China after the implementation of the universal two-child policy. Methods A total of 1598 pregnant women from three hospitals were investigated by means of a cross-sectional study from August 2017 to January 2018. Participants were recruited by convenience and divided into first and second pregnancy groups. These groups included 1094 primiparas and 504 women giving birth to their second child. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to discuss the differences in the incidence of fetal macrosomia in first and second pregnancies. Results No significant difference was found in the incidence of macrosomia in the first pregnancy group (7.2%) and the second pregnancy group (7.1%). In the second-time pregnant mothers, no significant association was found between the macrosomia of the second child (5.5%) and that of the first child (4.7%). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that mothers older than 30 years are not likely to give birth to children with macrosomia (odds ratio (OR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4,0.9). Conclusions The incidence of macrosomia in Western China is might not be affected by the birth of the second child and is not increased by low parity.

Salmonella is one of four key global causes of diarrhea, and in humans, it is generally contracted through the consumption of contaminated food. It is necessary to develop an accurate, simple, and rapid method to monitor Salmonella in the early phase. Herein, we developed a sequence-specific visualization method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the detection of Salmonella in milk. With restriction endonuclease and nicking endonuclease, amplicons were produced into single-stranded triggers, which further promoted the generation of a G-quadruplex by a DNA machine. The G-quadruplex DNAzyme possesses peroxidase-like activity and catalyzes the color development of 2,2′-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as the readouts. The feasibility for real samples analysis was also confirmed with Salmonella spiked milk, and the sensitivity was 800 CFU/mL when observed with the naked eye. Using this method, the detection of Salmonella in milk can be completed within 1.5 h. Without the involvement of any sophisticated instrument, this specific colorimetric method can be a useful tool in resource-limited areas.

Introduction: JUP, a homologue of β-catenin, is a cell-cell junction protein involved in adhesion junction and desmosome composition. JUP may have a controversial role in different malignancies dependence of its competence with or collaboration with β-catenin as a transcription factor. Objective: In this study, we focused on the role of JUP in tumor progress and metastasis of GC. We investigated whether that the function of JUP is related to its cellular location in GC development process from epithelium-like, low malignant GC to advanced EMT-phenotypic GC. Conclusion: Gradual loss of membrane and/or cytoplasm JUP was closely correlated with GC malignancy and poor prognostics. Knockdown of JUP in epithelium-like GC cells causes EMT and promotes GC cell migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of wild JUP in malignant GC cells led to an attenuated malignant phenotype such as reduced cell invasive potential. In mechanism, loss of membrane and/or cytoplasm JUP abolished the restrain of JUP to EGFR at cell membrane and resulted in increased p-AKT levels and AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling activity. In addition, nuclear JUP interacts with nuclear β-catenin and TCF4 and played a synergistic role with β-catenin in promoting TCF4 transcription and its downstream target MMP7 expression to fuel GC cell invasion.

ObjectiveThe burden of overweight and obesity in adolescents is increasing rapidly. This study aimed to assess the association between nutrition literacy and overweight/obesity among adolescents in China.MethodsThis cross–sectional online study involving adolescents aged 10–18 years was conducted in September 2020 in 239 schools in Chongqing China. Overweight and obese adolescents were determined based on the International Obesity Task Force's recommended age–sex specific body mass index cutoff points. Nutrition literacy was measured using the “Nutrition literacy scale for middle school students in Chongqing (CM–NLS).” The CM–NLS included three subdomains (functional nutritional literacy, interactive nutrition literacy, and critical nutrition literacy). Multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine the association.ResultsA total of 18,176 adolescents (49.8% girls) were included. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.6% and 17.0%, respectively. Compared with those having a low nutrition literacy score (below median), those with a high score were less likely to be overweight and obese. The odds ratio (95% CI) for overweight was 0.87 (0.79–0.97) (nutrition literacy) and 0.81 (0.73–0.90) (functional nutritional literacy). The corresponding figures for obesity were 0.84 (0.77–0.91) and 0.73 (0.67–0.80), respectively. Significant interaction existed between grade and nutrition literacy. The inverse association between nutrition literacy and overweight/obesity was significant among those in senior school but not among those in junior high school.ConclusionNutrition literacy was inversely associated with overweight/obesity among adolescents, especially those attending senior high schools.

In the repair of alveolar bone defect, the microstructure of bone graft scaffolds is pivotal for their biological and biomechanical properties. However, it is currently controversial whether gradient structures perform better in biology and biomechanics than homogeneous structures when considering microstructural design. In this research, bioactive ceramic scaffolds with different porous gradient structures were designed and fabricated by 3D printing technology. Compression test, finite element analysis (FEA) revealed statistically significant differences in the biomechanical properties of three types of scaffolds. The mechanical properties of scaffolds approached the natural cancellous bone, and scaffolds with pore size decreased from the center to the perimeter (GII) had superior mechanical properties among the three groups. While in the simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), scaffolds with pore size increased from the center to the perimeter (GI) possessed the best permeability and largest flow velocity. Scaffolds were cultured in vitro with rBMSC or implanted in vivo for 4 or 8 weeks. Porous ceramics showed excellent biocompatibility. Results of in vivo were analysed by using micro-CT, concentric rings and VG staining. The GI was superior to the other groups with respect to osteogenicity. The Un (uniformed pore size) was slightly inferior to the GII. The concentric rings analysis demonstrated that the new bone in the GI was distributed in the periphery of defect area, whereas the GII was distributed in the center region. This study offers basic strategies and concepts for future design and development of scaffolds for the clinical restoration of alveolar bone defect.

Abstract Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a predominant cell component in the tumour microenvironment (TME) play an essential role in tumour progression. Our earlier studies revealed oxidized ATM activation in breast CAFs, which is independent of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). Oxidized ATM has been found to serve as a redox sensor to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. However, whether and how oxidized ATM in breast CAFs regulates breast cancer progression remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that oxidized ATM phosphorylates BNIP3 to induce autophagosome accumulation and exosome release from hypoxic breast CAFs. Inhibition of oxidized ATM kinase by KU60019 (a small‐molecule inhibitor of activated ATM) or shRNA‐mediated knockdown of endogenous ATM or BNIP3 blocks autophagy and exosome release from hypoxic CAFs. We also show that oxidized ATM phosphorylates ATP6V1G1, a core proton pump in maintaining lysosomal acidification, leading to lysosomal dysfunction and autophagosome fusion with multi‐vesicular bodies (MVB) but not lysosomes to facilitate exosome release. Furthermore, autophagy‐associated GPR64 is enriched in hypoxic CAFs‐derived exosomes, which stimulates the non‐canonical NF‐κB signalling to upregulate MMP9 and IL‐8 in recipient breast cancer cells, enabling cancer cells to acquire enhanced invasive abilities. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the role of stromal CAFs in promoting tumour progression and reveal a new function of oxidized ATM in regulating autophagy and exosome release.

Neosporosis is caused by Neospora caninum (N. caninum), which mainly infects cattle and goats and severely threatens the animal industry. In this study, the inhibitory effects of polyclonal antiserum anti-NcSRS17, NcSRS2 and NcSRS52 were explored. Cytokines in mice or goat serum were detected after immunization. After infection, the survival of mice was recorded. The pathological changes and parasite loads were observed and detected in tissues. The results showed that anti-NcSRS2, NcSRS17 and NcSRS52 antibodies all inhibit the invasion and proliferation of N. caninum. The IFN-γ level in the NcSRS17 group was higher than that in the NcSRS2 and NcSRS52 groups, and higher in the NcSRS2-mIL-18 group than in the NcSRS2 group. The survival rates of mice were 16% in the positive control group, 67% in the SRS52 group, 83% in the SRS2 and mIL-18 groups and 100% in the SRS17 and SRS2-mIL-18 groups. Goats immunized with NcSRS17-gIL-18 developed high levels of IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-γ compared with those immunized with NcSRS-17. Parasite loads in the brains of animals in the NcSRS17 and NcSRS17-gIL-18 groups were significantly reduced, and were significantly lower in the NcSRS17-gIL-18 group (p ≤ 0.01). This study indicates that SRS17 may be an antigen candidate for vaccine development against neosporosis, and IL-18 can enhance the immune protective efficiency of antigen candidates.

Objective Hepatitis B and hepatitis C cause a heavy disease burden in China. This paper aims to investigate the public’s knowledge on hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Chongqing municipality and Chengdu City, China.Design A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to April 2017.Setting Two communities from Chongqing and Chengdu were involved in this study.Participants Data from 928 community residents were analysed.Outcome Demographic characteristics, knowledge on hepatitis B and hepatitis C and sources of hepatitis knowledge were obtained from questionnaires. The participants’ scores ranged from 0 to 24, and a test score about more than 14.4 (60% of the total score) was defined as sufficient knowledge.Results Among the participants, only 36.10% presented sufficient knowledge on hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and about 40% were unaware of the two antidiscrimination policies in China. The sources of information about hepatitis were mainly from doctors and the internet. Unmarried individuals, people with secondary education and above and those with an annual income above US$2108 tended to exhibit a higher level of knowledge on hepatitis B and hepatitis C.Conclusions The community members demonstrated limited awareness and level of knowledge on hepatitis B and hepatitis C, particularly in relation to the antidiscrimination policies. Extensive health education should be provided to the public, particularly to those with low educational status and income.

Studies on the relation between selenium intake and cognitive function are inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the associations between dietary selenium intake and cognitive function among Chinese adults and tested the interaction effect of selenium intake and iron intake on cognition. Data from 4852 adults aged 55 years and above who attended the 1991–2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were used. Cognitive function was assessed through face-to-face interviews in 1997, 2000, 2004, and 2006. A 3-day, 24-hour recall was used to collect dietary selenium intake. Multivariable mixed linear regression and logistic regression were used in the analyses. In fully adjusted regression models, the regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) were 0.00, 0.29 (−0.12–0.70), 0.26 (−0.18–0.70), and 0.50 (0.02–0.97) across the quartiles of selenium intake. In the subgroup analysis, the positive association between selenium intake and cognitive function was only observed in the participants who live in the southern region but not those in the northern region. The selenium-intake-to-iron-intake ratio was inversely associated with low global cognition scores. Furthermore, only those with a normal BMI had a positive association between selenium and cognition. In conclusion, high selenium intake was linked to better cognitive function and a lower risk of cognition decline in Chinese adults among those with low iron intake. A substantial interaction was found between selenium intake and BMI or region.

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the roots of cancer metastasis and recurrence (CSCs), due in part to their self‐renewal and therapy resistance properties. However, the underlying mechanisms for the regulation of CSC stemness are poorly understood. Recently, increasing evidence shows that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators for cancer cell function in various malignancies including breast cancer, but how lncRNAs regulate the function of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains to be determined. Herein, using lncRNA/mRNA microarray assays, a novel lncRNA (named lnc030) is identified, which is highly expressed in BCSCs in vitro and in vivo, as a pivotal regulator in maintaining BCSC stemness and promoting tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, lnc030 cooperates with poly(rC) binding protein 2(PCBP2) to stabilize squalene epoxidase (SQLE) mRNA, resulting in an increase of cholesterol synthesis. The increased cholesterol in turn actives PI3K/Akt signaling, which governs BCSC stemness. In summary, these findings demonstrate that a new, lnc030‐based mechanism for regulating cholesterol synthesis and stemness properties of BCSCs. The lnc030‐SQLE‐cholesterol synthesis pathway may serve as an effective therapeutic target for BCSC elimination and breast cancer treatment.

Research on tight gas reservoirs in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, China, has recently become a hot spot. This paper mainly studies the reservoir characteristics of tight sandstone in the north-central area close to the provenance in eastern Linxing. Cast thin section, scanning electron microscopy, high-pressure mercury injection, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to discriminate the tight sandstone reservoir differences between the Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi formations in the study area. The results show that the deltaic tight sandstones in the Shanxi Formation are dominated by lithic quartz sandstone and lithic sandstone with an average porosity of 2.3% and permeability of 0.083 mD. The epicontinental tight sandstones in the Taiyuan Formation are mainly lithic sandstone and lithic quartz sandstone, with average porosities and permeabilities of 6.9% and 0.12 mD, respectively. The pore type is dominated by secondary dissolution pores, containing a small number of primary pores, and fractures are not developed. The capillary pressure curves of the Taiyuan Formation sandstone are mainly of low displacement pressure, high mercury saturation, and mercury withdrawal efficiency, while the Shanxi Formation sandstone is mainly of high displacement pressure, low mercury saturation, and withdrawal efficiency. The diagenetic evolution of sandstone in the Shanxi Formation is in meso-diagenesis stage A, and the Taiyuan Formation has entered meso-diagenesis stage B. The siliceous cement in the Taiyuan Formation sandstone enhanced the sandstone resistance to compaction and retained some residual intergranular pores. The pore types in the Shanxi Formation sandstone are all secondary pores, while secondary pores in the Taiyuan Formation sandstone account for approximately 90%. The results can be beneficial for tight gas production in the study area and similar basins.

Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin that mediates escape of L. monocytogenes from phagosomes and enables the bacteria to grow within the host. LLO is a versatile tool allowing Listeria to trigger several cellular responses. In this study, rapid phosphorylation of ERK1/2 on Caco-2 cells caused by Listeria infection was demonstrated to be highly dependent on LLO activity. The effect could be strongly induced by adding purified recombinant LLO alone and could be inhibited by exogenous cholesterol. Lack of the PEST sequence, known to tightly control cytotoxicity of LLO, did not affect ERK1/2 activation. However, the recombinant non-cytolytic LLOT515AL516A, with mutations in the cholesterol-binding motif, was unable to trigger this response. Recombinant LLON478AV479A, which lacks most of the cytolytic activity, also failed to activate ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and this effect could be rescued when the protein concentration reached a cytolytic level. Infection with an LLO-deficient mutant (Δhly) or the mutant complementing LLOT515AL516A abrogated the capacity of the bacteria to activate ERK1/2. However, infection with the Δhly mutant complementing LLON478AV479A, which retained partial pore-forming ability and could grow intracellularly, was capable of triggering ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Collectively, these data suggest that ERK1/2 activation by L. monocytogenes depends on the permeabilization activity of LLO and more importantly correlates with the cholesterol-binding motif of LLO.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess the association between exposure to the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961) during early life and hypertension in adulthood. Methods From July to September 2009, 1224 eligible adults were recruited in a cross-sectional survey using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method in Chongqing China. A questionnaire was used to collect information of hypertension and sociodemographic factors. Participants were categorized as childhood, fetal, and none exposure to famine based on the date of birth. Results Of the sample, 12.3% reported having hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension varied by famine status: 11.9% in childhood exposure, 16.1% in fetal exposure, and 10.2% in non-exposure group. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, compared with non-exposure group, fetal exposure group had an increased likelihood of having hypertension with odds ratio of 1.79 (95%CI 1.13-2.84). Although there was no significant gender and famine interaction, the positive association between famine exposure and hypertension was stronger among women than men. Conclusion Fetal exposure to the Chinese famine may be associated with an increased risk of arthritis in adulthood in women.

Aminopeptidases that catalyze the removal of N-terminal residues from polypeptides or proteins are crucial for physiological processes. Here, we explore the biological functions of an M29 family aminopeptidase II from Listeria monocytogenes (LmAmpII). We show that LmAmpII contains a conserved catalytic motif (EEHYHD) that is essential for its enzymatic activity and LmAmpII has a substrate preference for arginine and leucine. Studies on biological roles indicate that LmAmpII is required for in vitro growth in a chemically defined medium for optimal growth of L. monocytogenes but is not required for bacterial intracellular infection in epithelial cells and macrophages, as well as cell-to-cell spreading in fibroblasts. Moreover, LmAmpII is found as dispensable for bacterial pathogenicity in mice. Taken together, we conclude that LmAmpII, an M29 family aminopeptidase, can efficiently hydrolyze a wide range of substrates and is required for in vitro bacterial growth, which lays a foundation for in-depth investigations of aminopeptidases as potential targets to defend Listeria infection.

Abstract The ‘Conclusion’ section in the Abstract was published incorrectly in the original publication of the article [1] and is corrected with this erratum as below: “Fetal exposure to the Chinese famine may be associated with an increased risk of hypertension in adulthood in women.”

Introduction. This study aimed to explore the effects of TGF-β1 on regulating activities of cementoblasts and osteoblasts with or without stress. Material and Methods. Human recombinant TGF-β1 was added with different doses. Immunohistochemical test of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and Alizarin Red-S staining were conducted. Mechanical compressive stress was obtained by increasing the pressure of gaseous phase. OPG/RANKL expression was detected in both cells through quantitative real-time PCR. Results. Similar significant differences (P0.05), but RANKL decreased significantly (P

Microcin C7 (McC), widely distributed in enterobacteria, is a promising antibiotic against antibiotic resistance [...]

There have been many studies that evidence the health hazards of sunlight exposure, but less study on sun safe intervention model, especially in China. Our aim was to evaluate the cognitive and behavioral effects of a peer education model-based intervention to sun safe in children.Cluster random control intervention was conducted in one district in Chongqing, China. Two primary schools, selected through stratified clustered sampling approach (two grades in each school, three classes in each grade) were designated as intervention (n=304) and control schools (n=305) randomly. 36 students, selected as peer educators in intervention group, were trained for one month. Educational activities such as discussions were organized by peer educator for one month. There was no sun safe education to participants in control school during the project period. The evaluation of changes of sun safe knowledge (the primary outcome), attitude and behavior (the secondary outcome measures) were conducted before intervention and at months of 0, 1 and 6 of the intervention to two groups using quantitative and qualitative methods.After the intervention, sun safe knowledge score which gained by the students from intervention group has been remarkably improved, compared to baseline survey (24.48±6.17 vs. 29.51±6.75) (P

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Mycobacterium vaccae on Jagged 1 and gamma delta T17 (γδT17) cells in asthmatic mice. An asthma mouse model was established through immunization with ovalbumin (OVA). Gamma-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) was used to block the Notch signaling pathway. M. vaccae was used to treat asthma, and related indicators were measured. Blocking Notch signaling inhibited the production of γδT17 cells and secretion of cytokine interleukin (IL)-17, which was accompanied by a decrease in Jagged1 mRNA and protein expression in the treated asthma group compared with the untreated asthma group. Similarly, treatment with M. vaccae inhibited Jagged1 expression and γδT17 cell production, which was associated with decreased airway inflammation and reactivity. The Notch signaling pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma through the induction of Jagged1 receptor. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of M. vaccae on Jagged1 receptor in γδT17 cells could be used for the prevention and treatment of asthma.

Purpose: Developing a high-value, convenient, and validated differential diagnosis model to differentiate alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negative hepatic occupying lesions and assist clinicians in early identification and intervention. Patients and Methods: A total of 340 patients with AFP-negative hepatic occupying lesions who were admitted to the Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital between August 2021 and April 2023 were included in the final retrospective analysis. The data were randomly divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio after performing multiple interpolations. In the training set, laboratory variables and models were screened using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis, comparison of five machine learning algorithms, and univariate, as well as multivariate logistic regression analysis. A diagnostic prediction nomogram model was developed. We evaluated and validated the model using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curve analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: We identified six significant predictive factors from the results of multivariate logistic analysis in the training set and incorporated them into the nomogram model for diagnosing AFP-negative hepatic malignant occupying lesions (HMOL). The diagnostic nomogram, including gender, age, des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), serum ferritin (SF), AFP, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), achieved an area under the curve of 0.905 discriminated patients with HMOL from those with benign occupying lesions. Additionally, calibration curves demonstrated the close alignment between the nomogram predictions and the ideal curve, along with the consistency between predictions and actual results. Moreover, the DCA curves illustrated indicated benefit for all patients. These finding were confirmed by the validation set. Conclusion: The GADSAH model specifically targets the discrimination of malignant and benign liver lesions in AFP-negative patients. It offers a noninvasive, cost-effective, and efficient approach for diagnosing such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Potentially substantial impacts on the prognosis have been observed in individuals undergoing endovascular treatment due to cytochrome P450 2c19 (CYP2C19) polymorphism. In an attempt to improve prognosis and lower the recurrence rate, this study investigated the CYP2C19 polymorphism in acute ischemic stroke patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 292 patients with cerebral infarction who had acute endovascular recanalization at the Department of Neurology of Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between May 2017 and 2019. The patients were categorized into rapid-, medium-, and slow-metabolism groups based on CYP2C19 gene polymorphism, and their prognosis was monitored. In addition, the prognosis of 188 patients selectively receiving carotid artery stenting at a selected time was also observed. Results: Among the 292 cerebral infarction cases receiving acute endovascular recanalization, the patients in the CYP2C19 rapid-metabolism group regularly took clopidogrel and aspirin combined with antiplatelet therapy and suffered from reoccurrence of apoplexy and cerebral hemorrhage; the 90-day good prognosis had a statistical difference (P < 0.05, prognostic assessment includes hospitalization and 6 months after discharge) and the other adverse events had no statistical difference (including mortality). The 188 patients selectively receiving carotid artery stenting had a recurrence of apoplexy, cerebral hemorrhage, and restenosis rate with a statistical difference (P < 0.05), and the other adverse events had no statistical difference. Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings of the current study indicate that irrespective of whether patients are undergoing selective carotid artery stenting or acute endovascular recanalization, those with rapid CYP2C19 metabolism have a significantly lower likelihood of experiencing adverse prognostic events compared to those with intermediate and slow metabolism. Furthermore, this group also has a more favorable prognosis than the other two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]