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To promote scientific progress and optimize the utilization of natural plant resources that rich in selenium, the study selected selenium-rich Hibiscus manihot L. as the research object, using the HG-AFS to detect the selenium content in different plant organ samples, ultrasound assisted ethanol extraction of selenium containing organic active components from sunflower flowers, and obtaining the optimal extraction process by response surface methodology. At the same time, conducting antioxidant activity research on selenium containing extracts. The results showed that the total Se concentrations in different organs of Hibiscus manihot L., from highest to lowest were found in the leaves, fruits, flowers, roots, and stems, with concentrations of 21.99, 14.29, 12.93, 10.90, and 10.23 mg/kg, respectively. The RSM optimization results indicated that the ideal conditions for the extraction parameters were as follows: Extraction temperature of 40 ℃, solid-liquid ratio of 1:60, extraction time of 40 minutes, ultrasonic power of 350 W, ethanol concentration of 50% (V/V), under one-time extraction. For the optimal conditions, the selenium extraction rate was 36.65%±0.65%. The DPPH antioxidant activity analysis showed a half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.048 mg/mL (with a Se concentration of 0.79 μg/mL), the hydroxyl radical scavenging analysis showed that the maximum clearance rate was 97% when the extracts concentration was 8 mg/mL, and the IC50 was 0.56 mg/mL. The reducing power analysis showed that the reducing power of the extracts increases with the increase of the concentration, indicating that the extracts possess a good antioxidant capacity. The present study would provide empirical evidence to support the efficient use of selenium-rich Hibiscus manihot L. and the extraction of selenium-rich agricultural by-products.

At present, chemotherapy combined with photodynamic therapy is exerting satisfactory therapeutic effects in the treatment of tumors. Chlorin e6 (Ce6) is a photosensitizer with high efficiency and low dark toxicity. At the same time, elemene (ELE) contains high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-cancer active ingredients, which can effectively penetrate tumor tissue and inhibit its recovery and proliferation. Due to the poor water solubility of these two drugs, we prepared ELE/Ce6 co-loaded liposomes (Lipo-ELE/Ce6) to improve their water solubility, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor effect. The characterization of Lipo-ELE/Ce6 showed that Lipo-ELE/Ce6 had suitable encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, polydispersity (PDI), zeta potential, and good photo-controlled release properties. In vitro, Lipo-ELE/Ce6 effectively inhibited the growth of T24 cells and induced apoptosis, and more importantly, in vivo experiments showed that Lipo-ELE/Ce6 had significant anti-tumor effects, which was significantly better than free drugs. The above results suggest that Lipo-ELE/Ce6 can significantly enhance the induction of apoptosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) by light-controlled release and ROS response.

PurposeThe aim of the study was to synthesize previous evidence and clarify the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in children by meta-analysis.MethodsA comprehensive computerized search of databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases, was conducted to identify relevant national and international articles published before 18 December 2023 on DCD prevalence in children. The meta-analysis of prevalence was conducted using Stata 18.0.ResultsA total of 18 papers involving 31,203 patients were included. The prevalence of children with DCD was found to be 5%. A subgroup analysis showed that prevalence was 7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4%–10%] and 4% (95% CI 3%–7%) for boys and girls, respectively; 4% (95% CI 2%–8%), 2% (95% CI 2%–2%), and 6% (95% CI 3%–10%) in Asia, Europe, and North America, respectively; and 18% (95% CI 8%–31%) and 6% (95% CI 4%–7%) for preterm (

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in the contemporary era, representing a significant global health concern. Early HCC patients have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, which promotes the onset and progression of the disease. Moreover, advanced HCC is insensitive to chemotherapy, making traditional clinical treatment unable to block cancer development. Sorafenib (SFB) is a first-line targeted drug for advanced HCC patients with anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor cell proliferation effects. However, the efficacy of SFB is constrained by its off-target distribution, rapid metabolism, and multi-drug resistance. In recent years, nanoparticles based on a variety of materials have been demonstrated to enhance the targeting and therapeutic efficacy of SFB against HCC. Concurrently, the advent of joint drug delivery systems has furnished crucial empirical evidence for reversing SFB resistance. This review will summarize the application of nanotechnology in the field of HCC treatment over the past five years. It will focus on the research progress of SFB delivery systems combined with multiple therapeutic modalities in HCC treatment.

Abstract Background Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a worldwide cereal crop, which is an integral part of the diets of many countries. In addition, the MYB gene of wheat plays a role in the response to salt stress. Results “Y1805” is a Tritipyrum variety that is relatively tolerant to salt. We used transcriptome analysis to show that the “Y1805” MYB gene was both highly expressed and sensitive to salt stress. Compared with control roots, the level of MYB expression during salt stress was higher, which rapidly decreased to control levels during the recovery process. MYB gene relative expression showed the highest levels in “Y1805” roots during salt stress, with the stems and then leaves being the next highest stressed tissues. The novel MYB gene (TtMYB1) was successfully cloned from “Y1805”. It showed a coding sequence length of 783 bp with 95.79% homology with Tel2E01G633100 from Thinopyrum elongatum. TtMYB1 and MYB from Th. elongatum were clustered in the same branch using phylogenetic analysis, which indicated high similarities. The TtMYB1 gene is located in the nucleus. The coleoptile method was employed when a TtMYB1 overexpression vector was used during transformation into “1718” (common wheat). Under high salt stress, TtMYB1 leaves of overexpression lines had decreased wilting, when compared with wild-type (WT) plants. During normal conditions, salt stress, and recovery, the lengths of the roots and the heights of seedlings from the overexpression lines were found to be significantly greater than roots and seedlings of WT plants. In addition, during high salt stress, the overexpression lines showed that proline and soluble sugar levels were higher than that of WT plants, but with lower malondialdehyde levels. Forty-three proteins that interacted with TtMYB1 were identified using the yeast two-hybrid assay. Protein-protein interaction analyses indicated that most were SANT domain-containing and Wd repeat region domain-containing proteins. Among these proteins, ribosomal proteins were the main node. Abiotic stress-related terms (such as “carbonate dehydratase activity”, “protein targeting peroxisomes”, and “glutathione peroxidase activity”) were enriched in GO analysis. In KEGG analysis, “carbohydrate metabolism”, “environmental information processing”, “genetic information processing”, “signaling and cell precursors”, and “energy metabolism” pathways were enriched. Conclusion The TtMYB1 gene might enhance salt tolerance by increasing proline and soluble sugar content and antioxidase activity in transgenic wheat. It therefore has the potential to enhance high salt tolerance in plants.

Optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs), which have attracted extensive studies in the past decades, are high quality-factor optoelectronic feedback loops for generating various ultra-pure microwave signals. In essence, OEOs are also dissipative nonlinear systems with multiple timescale characteristics and abundant nonlinearities, which open the possibilities for exploring localized dissipative solitary waves. In this paper, we demonstrate a new-class temporal dissipative soliton, i.e., dissipative microwave photonic soliton molecule (DMPSM), in a dual-bandpass OEO. Both the numerical simulation and experiment are conducted to reveal the physical mechanism of DMPSM generation and to evaluate the characteristics of the generated DMPSM sequences. Unlike optical soliton molecules in mode-locked lasers, the formation of DMPSMs arises from the combined action of multiple timescale coupling, nonlinear bistability, and time-delayed feedback in the OEO cavity, where the soliton interval and number in a DMPSM can be well-controlled through varying the multiple timescale variables in the OEO cavity, and the repetition frequency of the DMPSMs can be tuned through changing that of the initially injected perturbation signal. Meanwhile, the generated DMPSM sequence performs with high stability and excellent coherence, which shows enormous application potentials in pulse radar detection, dense microwave comb generation, and neuromorphology.

BackgroundDonepezil in combination with memantine is a widely used clinical therapy for moderate to severe dementia. However, real-world population data on the long-term safety of donepezil in combination with memantine are incomplete and variable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the adverse events (AEs) of donepezil in combination with memantine according to US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data to provide evidence for the safety monitoring of this therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed reports of AEs associated with the combination of donepezil and memantine from 2004 to 2023 extracted from the FAERS database. Whether there was a significant association between donepezil and memantine combination therapy and AEs was assessed using four disproportionality analysis methods, namely, the reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker methods. To further investigate potential safety issues, we also analyzed differences and similarities in the time of onset and incidence of AEs stratified by sex and differences and similarities in the incidence of AEs stratified by age.ResultsOf the 2,400 adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in which the combination of donepezil and memantine was the primary suspected drug, most of the affected patients were female (54.96%) and older than 65 years of age (79.08%). We identified 22 different system organ classes covering 100 AEs, including some common AEs such as dizziness and electrocardiogram PR prolongation; fall, pleurothotonus and myoclonus were AEs that were not listed on the drug label. Moreover, we obtained 88 reports of AEs in men and 100 reports of AEs in women; somnolence was a common AE in both men and women and was more common in women, whereas pleurothotonus was a more common AE in men. In addition, we analyzed 12 AEs in patients younger than 18 years, 16 in patients between 18 and 65 years, and 113 in patients older than 65 years. The three age groups had distinctive AEs, but lethargy was the common AE among all age groups. Finally, the median time to AE onset was 19 days in all cases. In both men and women, most AEs occurred within a month of starting donepezil plus memantine, but some continued after a year of treatment.ConclusionOur study identified potential and new AEs of donepezil in combination with memantine; some of these AEs were the same as in the specification, and some of the AE signals were not shown in the specification. In addition, there were sex and age differences in some of the AEs. Therefore, our findings may provide valuable insights for further studies on the safety of donepezil and memantine combination therapy, which are expected to contribute to the safe use of this therapy in clinical practice.

Abstract Tomato is a popular vegetable worldwide; its production is highly threatened by infection with the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). We obtained the full‐length genome sequence of previously conserved PSTVd and inoculated it on four genotypes of semi‐cultivated tomatoes selected from a local tomato germplasm resource. SC‐5, which is a PSTVd‐resistant genotype, and SC‐96, which is a PSTVd‐sensitive genotype, were identified by detecting the fruit yield, plant growth, biomass accumulation, physiological indices, and PSTVd genome titer after PSTVd inoculation. A non‐target metabolomics study was conducted on PSTVd‐infected and control SC‐5 to identify potential anti‐PSTVd metabolites. The platform of liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry detected 158 or 123 differential regulated metabolites in modes of positive ion or negative ion. Principal component analysis revealed a clear separation of the global metabolite profile between PSTVd‐infected leaves and control regardless of the detection mode. The potential anti‐PSTVd compounds, xanthohumol, oxalicine B, indole‐3‐carbinol, and rosmarinic acid were significantly upregulated in positive ion mode, whereas echinocystic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 5‐acetylsalicylic acid were upregulated in negative ion mode. Xanthohumol and echinocystic acid were detected as the most upregulated metabolites and were exogenously applied on PSTVd‐diseased SC‐96 seedlings. Both xanthohumol and echinocystic acid had instant and long‐term inhibition effect on PSTVd titer. The highest reduction of disease symptom was induced by 2.6 mg/L of xanthohumol and 2.0 mg/L of echinocystic acid after 10 days of leaf spraying, respectively. A superior effect was seen on echinocystic acid than on xanthohumol. Our study provides a statistical basis for breeding anti‐viroid tomato genotypes and creating plant‐originating chemical preparations to prevent viroid disease.

ObjectiveRecent research has highlighted the insula as a critical hub in human brain networks and the most susceptible region to subjective cognitive decline (SCD). However, the changes in functional connectivity of insular subregions in SCD patients remain poorly understood. The present study aims to clarify the altered functional connectivity patterns within insular subregions in individuals with SCD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).MethodsIn this study, we collected rs-fMRI data from 30 patients with SCD and 28 healthy controls (HCs). By defining three subregions of the insula, we mapped whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). We identified several distinct RSFC patterns of the insular subregions. Specifically, for positive connectivity, three cognitive-related RSFC patterns were identified within the insula, suggesting anterior-to-posterior functional subdivisions: (1) a dorsal anterior zone of the insula that shows RSFC with the executive control network (ECN); (2) a ventral anterior zone of the insula that shows functional connectivity with the salience network (SN); and (3) a posterior zone along the insula that shows functional connectivity with the sensorimotor network (SMN).ResultsCompared to the controls, patients with SCD exhibited increased positive RSFC to the sub-region of the insula, demonstrating compensatory plasticity. Furthermore, these abnormal insular subregion RSFCs are closely correlated with cognitive performance in the SCD patients.ConclusionOur findings suggest that different insular subregions exhibit distinct patterns of RSFC with various functional networks, which are affected differently in patients with SCD.

Using mulberry as raw material, single and mixed strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium longum were used to ferment mulberry juice, and single-factor and response surface tests were used to investigate the optimal fermentation process of fermented mulberry juice, and to determine and analyze the functional components (total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total phenols) and antioxidant activities (ABTS+ free radical scavenging rate, DPPH free radical scavenging rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, total antioxidant capacity), etc. The results showed that the optimal fermentation process for fermented mulberry juice was 0.06% strain addition, initial pH6.1, fermentation temperature 37 ℃, and 0.09% oligofructose addition. The fermentation of lactic acid bacteria improved the functional components and antioxidant activity of fermented mulberry juice. Compared with single strain and mixed strain, the fermentation of mixed strain significantly increased (P

This study aimed to analyze the quality differences of sauced beef with aged brine and quantitative marinating methods by evaluating sensory characteristics, color, shear force, texture, moisture distribution, taste nucleotides, and free amino acids. Results showed that quantitative marinated beef received a higher score in sensory evaluation than aged brine marinated beef. Additionally, quantitative marinated beef had better color, lower shear force and hardness compared to aged brine marinated beef (P

Heme, as an essential cofactor and source of iron for cells, holds great promise in various areas, e.g., food and medicine. In this study, the model cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was used as a host for heme synthesis. The heme synthesis pathway and its competitive pathway were modified to obtain an engineered cyanobacteria with high heme production, and the total heme production of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was further enhanced by the optimization of the culture conditions and the enhancement of mixotrophic ability. The co-expression of hemC, hemF, hemH, and the knockout of pcyA, a key gene in the heme catabolic pathway, resulted in a 3.83-fold increase in the heme production of the wild type, while the knockout of chlH, a gene encoding a Mg-chelatase subunit and the key enzyme of the chlorophyll synthesis pathway, resulted in a 7.96-fold increase in the heme production of the wild type; further increased to 2.05 mg/L, its heme production was 10.25-fold that of the wild type under optimized mixotrophic culture conditions. Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 has shown great potential as a cell factory for photosynthetic carbon sequestration for heme production. This study provides novel engineering targets and research directions for constructing microbial cell factories for efficient heme production.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic autoimmune disease whose exact pathophysiologic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have shown that the onset and progression of MS are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Similarly, a large body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may also have a significant impact on the development of MS. Endosymbiotic theory has found that human mitochondria are microbial in origin and share similar biological characteristics with the gut microbiota. Therefore, gut microbiota and mitochondrial function crosstalk are relevant in the development of MS. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function in the development of MS is not fully understood. Therefore, by synthesizing previous relevant literature, this paper focuses on the changes in gut microbiota and metabolite composition in the development of MS and the possible mechanisms of the crosstalk between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function in the progression of MS, to provide new therapeutic approaches for the prevention or reduction of MS based on this crosstalk.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the perspective of gene regulation, as well as the inflammatory pathways involved. Methods: Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, chronic periodontitis (CP) group, COPD group, and CP&COPD group. Lung tissue samples were selected for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) sequencing analysis, and differential genes were screened out. Gene enrichment analysis was carried out, and then crosstalk gene enrichment analysis was conducted to explore the pathogenesis related to periodontal disease and COPD. Results: Results of enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the CP group were concentrated in response to bacterial origin molecules. The DEGs in the COPD group gene were enriched in positive regulation of B cell activation. The DEGs in the CP&COPD group were concentrated in neutrophil extravasation and neutrophil migration. The mice in the three experimental groups had 19 crosstalk genes, five of which were key genes. Conclusions: Lcn2, S100a8, S100a9, Irg1, Clec4d are potential crossover genes of periodontal disease and COPD. Lcn2, S100a8, S100a9 are correlated with neutrophils in both diseases. Irg1 and Clec4d may bind to receptors on the surface of lymphocytes to produce cytokines and activate inflammatory pathways, this requires further research.

Elemene (ELE) is a group of broad-spectrum anticancer active ingredients with low toxicity extracted from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), such as Curcumae Rhizoma and Curcuma Radix, which can exert antitumour activities by regulating various signal pathways and targets. However, the strong hydrophobicity, short half-life, low bioavailability and weak in vivo targeting ability of ELE restrict its use. Targeted drug delivery systems based on nanomaterials are among the most viable methods to overcome these shortcomings. In this review, we first summarize recent studies on the clinical uses of ELE as an adjunct antitumour drug. ELE-based combination strategies have great promise for enhancing efficacy, reducing adverse reactions, and improving patients' quality of life and immune function. Second, we summarize recent studies on the antitumour mechanisms of ELE and ELE-based combination strategies. The potential mechanisms include inducing pyroptosis and ferroptosis, promoting senescence, regulating METTL3-mediated m6A modification, suppressing the Warburg effect, and inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Most importantly, we comprehensively summarize studies on the combination of targeted drug delivery systems with ELE, including passively and actively targeted drug delivery systems, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems, and codelivery systems for ELE combined with other therapies, which have great promise in improving drug bioavailability, increasing drug targeting ability, controlling drug release, enhancing drug efficacy, reducing drug adverse effects and reversing MDR. Our summary will provide a reference for the combination of TCMs such as ELE with advanced targeted drug delivery systems in the future.

Abstract Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a demethylated derivative of cantharidin (CTD), the main anticancer active ingredient isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Mylabris. NCTD has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of various solid tumors, especially liver cancer. Although NCTD greatly reduces the toxicity of CTD, there is still a certain degree of urinary toxicity and organ toxicity, and the poor solubility, short half-life, fast metabolism, as well as high venous irritation and weak tumor targeting ability limit its widespread application in the clinic. To reduce its toxicity and improve its efficacy, design of targeted drug delivery systems based on biomaterials and nanomaterials is one of the most feasible strategies. Therefore, this review focused on the studies of targeted drug delivery systems combined with NCTD in recent years, including passive and active targeted drug delivery systems, and physicochemical targeted drug delivery systems for improving drug bioavailability and enhancing its efficacy, as well as increasing drug targeting ability and reducing its adverse effects. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the potential factors associated with adherence to colonoscopy among participants who were preliminarily screened positive in a community‐based colorectal cancer screening program in China. Methods This study analyzed data from 1219 out of 6971 community residents who were identified as positive cases by the well‐validated high‐risk factor questionnaire (HRFQ) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in the preliminary screening stage for colorectal neoplasms. Patients showing adherence to colonoscopy were defined as those who received positive results in a preliminary screening for colorectal neoplasms and later received a colonoscopy examination as required. The associations of social‐demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, history of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and risk factors in the HRFQ with adherence to colonoscopy were evaluated using logistic regression models. Results Among 1219 participants who preliminarily screened positive, the top five risk factors reported by the participants were chronic constipation (25.9%), hematochezia (23.5%), family history of CRC in first‐degree relatives (22.1%), chronic diarrhea (21.8%), and history of polyps (16.6%). Around 14.2% of participants who preliminarily screened positive reported three or more risk factors, and the proportion was 26.2% among participants who were positive according to both HRFQ and FIT. Among all participants who were preliminarily screened positive, the multivariable results showed that those who were married (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.25, p = 0.01), had chronic diarrhea (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.78, p = 0.047), and had a positive FIT (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.10, p

Platelets counts increase in various cancer patients, which is associated with poor prognosis. However, the cause of high platelet counts in cancer patients is still not fully understood. Here we demonstrated that compared with healthy controls, there were significant differences in platelet parameters, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet larger cell ratio (P-LCR), and platelet crit (PCT), reflecting platelet volume in breast cancer patients by clinical retrospective analysis. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization declined, accompanied by reduced expression of pro-apoptotic factors Bak, Bax and apoptotic executor caspase-3, and elevated of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-xl in various cancer patients’ platelets. Notably, the phosphorylation level of Akt and its downstream target Bad increased in platelets from cancer patients. MK2206, the inhibitor of Akt, reduced the phosphorylation level of Akt and Bad, and induced apoptosis of platelets. When platelets from healthy controls cocultured with the cultural supernatant of cancer cells, the phosphorylation level of Akt and Bad in the platelets was elevated and the cultural supernatant of cancer cells could rescue the apoptosis of platelet induced by MK2206. Therefore, in our study the apoptosis of platelets in cancer patients was declined, which exerted an influence on the rise of platelet counts in breast cancer patients. The cross-talking between tumor and platelets could affect platelet apoptosis by regulating Akt signaling pathway in platelets.

Background/ObjectiveEarly recurrence (ER) affects the long-term survival prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many previous studies have utilized CT/MRI-based radiomics to predict ER after radical treatment, achieving high predictive value. However, the diagnostic performance of radiomics for the preoperative identification of ER remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the predictive performance of radiomics for ER in HCC.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science (including MEDLINE), EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies that utilized radiomics methods to assess ER in HCC. Data were extracted and quality assessed for retrieved studies. Statistical analyses included pooled data, tests for heterogeneity, and publication bias. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsThe analysis included fifteen studies involving 3,281 patients focusing on preoperative CT/MRI-based radiomics for the prediction of ER in HCC. The combined sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic were 75% (95% CI: 65-82), 78% (95% CI: 68-85), and 83% (95% CI: 79-86), respectively. The combined positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic score, and diagnostic odds ratio were 3.35 (95% CI: 2.41-4.65), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.25-0.43), 2.33 (95% CI: 1.91-2.75), and 10.29 (95% CI: 6.79-15.61), respectively. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I²=99%; 95% CI: 99-100). Meta-regression showed imaging equipment contributed to the heterogeneity of specificity in subgroup analysis (P= 0.03).ConclusionPreoperative CT/MRI-based radiomics appears to be a promising and non-invasive predictive approach with moderate ER recognition performance.

Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a destructive disease that causes substantial yield losses in South and North America. Whereas four Fusarium species were identified as the causal agents, F. virguliforme is the primary SDS-causing pathogen in North America and it also contributes substantially to SDS in Argentina. In this study, we comparatively analyzed genome assemblies of four F. virguliforme strains and identified 29 informative microsatellite markers. Sixteen of the 29 markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of this pathogen in a collection of 90 strains from Argentina and the USA. A total of 37 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified, including 10 MLGs in Argentina and 26 in the USA. Only MLG2, the most dominant MLG, was found in both countries. Analyses with three different approaches showed that these MLGs could be grouped into three clusters. Cluster IA consisting of four MLGs exclusively from the USA has much higher genetic diversity than the other two clusters, suggesting that it may be the ancestral cluster although additional data are necessary to support this hypothesis. Clusters IB and II consisted of 13 and 21 MLGs, respectively. MLGs belonging to these two clusters were present in all four sampled states in Argentina and all five sampled states in the USA.

Abstract Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is an attractive target for the treatment of cancer, because it is expressed at low levels in healthy tissues but at high levels in malignant tumours. uPAR is closely related to the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumours, plays important roles in the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), tumour angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and is associated with the multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumour cells, which has important guiding significance for the judgement of tumor malignancy and prognosis. Several uPAR-targeted antitumour therapeutic agents have been developed to suppress tumour growth, metastatic processes and drug resistance. Here, we review the recent advances in the development of uPAR-targeted antitumor therapeutic strategies, including nanoplatforms carrying therapeutic agents, photodynamic therapy (PDT)/photothermal therapy (PTT) platforms, oncolytic virotherapy, gene therapy technologies, monoclonal antibody therapy and tumour immunotherapy, to promote the translation of these therapeutic agents to clinical applications.

Abstract A feasibility study was carried out on generation of hydrochloric acid and lithium hydroxide from the simulated lithium chloride solution using EX3B model bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). The influence of a series of process parameters, such as feed concentration, initial acid and base concentration in device component, feed solution volume, and current density were investigated. In addition, the maximum achievable concentrations of HCl and LiOH, the average current efficiency, and specific energy consumption were also studied and compared in this paper to the existing literature. Higher LiCl concentrations in the feed solution were found to be beneficial in increasing the final concentrations of HCl and LiOH, as well as improving current efficiency while decreasing specific energy consumption. However, when its concentration was less than 4 g/L, the membrane stack voltage curve of BMED increased rapidly, attributed to the higher solution resistance. Also low initial concentration of acid and base employed in device component can improve the current efficiency. Increasing of the initial concentration of acid and base solution lowered energy consumption. Moreover, a high current density could rapidly increase HCl and LiOH concentration and enhance water movements of BMED process, but reduced the current efficiency. The maximum achievable concentration of HCl and LiOH generated from 130 g/L LiCl solution were close to 3.24 mol/L and 3.57 mol/L, respectively. In summary, the present study confirmed the feasible application for the generation of HCl and LiOH from simulated lithium chloride solution with BMED.

Abstract Background The positive predictive value (PPV) of high risk factor questionnaire (HRFQ) plus fecal immunochemical test (FIT) as preliminary screening strategy for colorectal-related neoplasia is relatively low. We aim to explore independent factors associated with PPVs of HRFQ combined FIT for selecting high risk individuals for colonoscopy. Methods A total of 6971 residents were enrolled in a community-based screening program. Participants who had positive results of HRFQ and/or FIT and subsequently received colonoscopy were involved. The associations of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, and high risk factors of colorectal cancer with PPVs of HRFQ, FIT, and their combination were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression models. Results Among 572 involved cases, 249 (43.5%) colorectal neoplasms were detected by colonoscopy, including 71 advanced adenoma (12.4%) and 9 colorectal cancer (CRC) (1.6%). The PPVs of preliminary screening were 43.5% for total colorectal neoplasms, 14.0% for advanced neoplasm, and 1.6% for CRC. Adding positive HRFQ to FIT could improve the PPV from 3.5 to 8.0% for detecting CRC. Preliminarily screened positive individuals who were males [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.95, 95% CI 1.31, 2.90; p 60 years) (AOR: 1.70, 95% CI 1.17, 2.46; p = 0.005), or ex-/current smokers (AOR: 3.04, 95% CI 1.31, 7.09; p = 0.10) had higher odds of PPVs of detecting colorectal neoplasms. Conclusions Combining HRFQ and FIT could largely improve PPVs for screening advanced neoplasm and CRC. Gender and age-specific FIT cut-off values as well as initiating ages for CRC screening might be recommended to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of current screening algorithm.

Abstract Background Previous studies have revealed obesity, nutrition, lifestyle, genetic and epigenetic factors may be risk factors for the occurrence and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the effect of total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption on the risk of NAFLD is uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the total PUFA intake is independently associated with the risk of NAFLD and explore the threshold of PUFA intake better illustrate the correlation between them in Chinese Han adults. Methods The present study was a retrospective case–control study. A total of 534 NAFLD patients and 534 controls matched by gender and age in the same center were included in this study. Using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in a health examination center in China to collect information about dietary intake and calculate nutrient consumption. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between total PUFA daily intake and its quartile and the incidence of NAFLD. Results Multivariate analyses suggested a significant association between total PUFA intake and the occurrence of NAFLD. A non-linear relationship between total PUFA consumption and NAFLD risk was detected after adjusting for potential confounding factors. There was a significant connection between PUFA and the risk of NAFLD (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.23–1.41, P

Baculoviruses are virulent pathogens that infect a wide range of insects. They initiate infections via specific interactions between the structural proteins on the envelopes of occlusion-derived virions (ODVs) and the midgut cell surface receptors in hosts. However, host factors that are hijacked by baculoviruses for efficient infection remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified a membrane-associated protein sucrose hydrolase (BmSUH) as an ODV binding factor during Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) primary infection. BmSUH was specifically expressed in the midgut microvilli where the ODV-midgut fusion happened. Knockout of BmSUH by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a significantly higher survival rate after BmNPV orally infection. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that PIF protein complex required for ODV binding could interact with BmSUH. Furthermore, fluorescence dequenching assay showed that the amount of ODV binding and fusion to the midgut decreased in BmSUH mutants compared to wild-type silkworm, suggesting the role of BmSUH as an ODV binding factor that mediates the ODV entry process. Based on a multilevel survey, the data showed that BmSUH acted as a host factor that facilitates BmNPV oral infection. More generally, this study indicated that disrupting essential protein-protein interactions required for baculovirus efficient entry may be broadly applicable to against viral infection.

Abstract Background It is well known that periodontitis can stimulate thickening of the maxillary sinus mucosa, but the association between periodontitis status and the degree of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening (maxMT) has not been reported. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of periodontal status of maxillary molars on the degree of maxMT. Methods Retrospective analysis of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 203 periodontitis cases with maxMT. Parameters related to periodontitis in maxillary molars were measured and recorded on CBCT images. The dimension and length of the maxMT were also recorded. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify periodontal factors influencing the severity of maxMT, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the odds ratio of these factors. Results The factors affecting the degree of maxMT were mainly the amount of alveolar bone loss (ABL) and the minimum residual alveolar bone height (miniRABH). Compared to mild ABL, severe and moderate ABL were more likely to display severe maxMT. And the lower the miniRABH, the more severe the maxMT. Conclusions The severity of periodontal status of maxillary molars can influence the degree of maxMT.

Abstract Background Until now, several classification staging system and treatment algorithm for hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) has been presented. However, anatomical location is not taken into account in these staging systems. The aim of this study is to investigate whether anatomical sites could predict the postoperative recurrence of HCC patients. Methods 294 HCC patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. A novel score classification based on anatomical sites was established by a Cox regression model and validated in the internal validation cohort. Results HCC patients were stratified according to the novel score classification into three groups (score 0, score 1–3 and score 4–6). The predictive accuracy of the novel recurrence score for HCC patients as determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) at 1, 3, and 5 years (AUCs 0.703, 0.706, and 0.605) was greater than that of the other representative classification systems. These findings were supported by the internal validation cohort. For patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) 0 and A stage, our data demonstrated that there was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival (RFS) between patients with score 0 and liver transplantation recipients. Additionally, we introduced this novel classification system to guide anatomical liver resection for centrally located liver tumors. Conclusion The novel score classification may provide a reliable and objective model to predict the RFS of HCC after hepatic resection.

It has become a trend in recent years to use deep neural networks for colorization. However, previous methods often encounter problems with edge color leakage and difficulties in obtaining a plausible color output from the Euclidean distance. To solve these problems, we propose a new adversarial edge-aware image colorization method with multitask output combined with semantic segmentation. The system uses a generator with a deep semantic fusion structure to infer semantic clues in a given grayscale image under chroma conditions and learns colorization by simultaneously predicting color information and semantic information. In addition, we also use a specific color difference loss with characteristics of human visual observation that is combined with semantic segmentation loss and adversarial loss for training. The experimental results show that our method is superior to existing methods in terms of different quality metrics and achieves good results in image colorization.

Abstract Background Cantaloupe is susceptible to cold stress when it is stored at low temperatures, resulting in the loss of edible and commercial quality. To ascertain the molecular mechanisms of low temperatures resistance in cantaloupe, a cold-sensitive cultivar, Golden Empress-308 (GE) and a cold-tolerant cultivar, Jia Shi-310 (JS), were selected in parallel for iTRAQ quantitative proteomic analysis. Results The two kinds of commercial cultivars were exposed to a temperature of 0.5 °C for 0, 12 and 24 days. We found that the cold-sensitive cultivar (GE) suffered more severe damage as the length of the cold treatment increased. Proteomic analysis of both cultivars indicated that the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) changed remarkably during the chilly treatment. JS expressed cold-responsive proteins more rapidly and mobilized more groups of proteins than GE. Furthermore, metabolic analysis revealed that more amino acids were up-regulated in JS during the early phases of low temperatures stress. The DEPs we found were mainly related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, structural proteins, reactive oxygen species scavenging, amino acids metabolism and signal transduction. The consequences of phenotype assays, metabolic analysis and q-PCR validation confirm the findings of the iTRAQ analysis. Conclusion We found that the prompt response and mobilization of proteins in JS allowed it to maintain a higher level of cold tolerance than GE, and that the slower cold responses in GE may be a vital reason for the severe chilling injury commonly found in this cultivar. The candidate proteins we identified will form the basis of future studies and may improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cold tolerance in cantaloupe.

Birth defects have brought about major public health problems, and studying the clinical outcomes of the most common prenatal central nervous system abnormality, namely, fetal ventriculomegaly (VM), is helpful for improving reproductive health and fertility quality. This is a retrospective cohort study from 2011 to 2020 in the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, aiming to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of VM over 37 weeks’ gestation to exclude the influence of preterm birth. The study analyzed data from 401 term pregnancies, with 179 VM and 222 controls. From the short-term outcomes, the rate of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission under the VM group (10.06%) was comparatively higher than the control (0.45%), but Apgar scores between both groups at 1 min, 5 min and 10 min were not significantly different. From the long-term outcomes, there were more infants with abnormal neurodevelopment under the VM group than control (14.53% vs. 2.25%, p < 0.001). In addition, NICU admission (p = 0.006), peak width of lateral ventricles (p = 0.030) and postnatal cranial ultrasound suggestive with VM (p = 0.002) were related to infants’ long-term outcomes. NICU admission during the perinatal period was an independent risk factor for the adverse long-term outcomes (OR = 3.561, 95% CI 1.029–12.320, p = 0.045). In conclusion, VM impairs short-term and long-term outcomes of term infants. Short-term outcome, especially NICU admission, could predict their adverse long-term outcomes.

A new non-uniform photonic sampling (NPS) strategy and its special signal reconstruction algorithm are proposed to achieve digital acquisition of broadband periodic signals at a low sampling rate. Compared with the existing schemes, the NPS strategy can largely reduce the sampling number to acquire identical signal information as that obtained by using its equivalent high-speed uniform photonic sampling, which is beneficial for reducing the sampling time and the data volume of the NPS-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In addition, the calculation time of the proposed algorithm is millions of times lower than that of the digital alias-free signal processing (DASP) algorithm used before, which benefits from the fast Fourier transform calculation of a one-dimensional data array instead of a two-dimensional data array calculation in the DASP algorithm. A simulation is performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. In the simulation, a single-channel NPS-based ADC with an average sampling rate of 1 GSa/s is demonstrated by using the proposed NPS strategy and signal reconstruction algorithm. The results indicate the reconstructed signal information for a single-tone microwave signal at 9.9 GHz and a linear frequency modulation signal in the frequency range of 1 GHz to 9 GHz are identical to those obtained by using its equivalent high-speed uniform photonic sampling-based ADC with a sampling rate of 20 GSa/s.

Shipping of in vitro micro-cuttings in tubes or jars is a frequently used method as the plants are more likely to quickly reproduce and comply with quarantine regulations in plant germplasm distribution. However, these containers are fragile during transportation. To diminish the risk associated with the long-distance shipping of in vitro plants, a safe and widely applicable packing and conservation technique based on microplate and slow growth was developed in this study. Potato cultivar ZHB and ginger cultivar G-2 were used to optimize the system with microplates (96 wells), vacuum-sealed packaging, and slow-growth techniques. Under regular culture conditions, packing in vacuum-sealed microplates reduced the survival of ZHB and G-2 micro-cuttings to 85.8% and 20.0%, respectively, and regeneration to 61.8% and 0%, respectively. Reducing the temperature to 10 °C maintained the survival of ZHB and G-2 micro-cuttings in the range of 83.3–100% after 60 days. Exposure to darkness decreased the survival of G-2 and inhibited regrowth. Thus, conservation in darkness at 10 °C is suggested. The effects of iron concentration and plant growth retardants were further assessed. The addition of 1/4 MS medium combined with 100 mg/L chlormequat chloride (CCC) resulted in full survival and growth inhibition of plantlets, without malformation identified. Finally, incubation with 1/4 MS medium supplemented with 100 mg/L CCC in vacuum-sealed microplates at 10 °C in the dark resulted in high survival and suppressed germination. Sweet potato HXS was incubated as well to test the broad-spectrum applications of the technique; 100% survival and 6.7% germination was gained. Morphological indices of released cuttings recovered to control levels after two cycles of subculture in MS medium. A 0.1–0.2% genetic variation was detected by SSR and ISSR, suggesting genetic stability of the conserved samples. Finally, micro-cuttings were safely transported to cities located thousands of kilometers away without package and sample damage. Our results enable easy distribution of in vitro plant germplasms.

Background. Periodontitis induced by bacteria especially Gram-negative bacteria is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease worldwide. Emerging evidence supported that EZH2 plays a significant role in the inflammatory response of periodontal tissues. However, little information is available regarding the underlying mechanism of EZH2 in periodontitis. This study is aimed at determining the potential role and underlying mechanism of EZH2 in periodontitis. Methods. The protein levels of EZH2, H3K27ME, p-p65, p-IKB, TLR4, MyD88, Runx2, and OCN were examined by western blot assay. Proliferation was evaluated by CCK8 assay. The levels of TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 were detected by ELISA assay. Migration was detected by wound healing assay. The distribution of p65 was detected by immunofluorescence. The formation of mineralized nodules was analyzed using alizarin red staining. Results. LPS stimulation significantly promoted EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression in primary human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Targeting EZH2 prevented LPS-induced upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, EZH2 knockdown attenuated the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling to facilitate PDLSC osteogenesis. Conclusions. Modulation of the NF-κB pathway through the inhibition of EZH2 may offer a new perspective on the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis.

Background: Whether hepatic resection (HR) could be performed for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) B/C stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial, and the safety and clinical value of HR combined with antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC with BCLC-B/C stage remain to be investigated. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 126 patients with BCLC stage B/C HCC who underwent HR. These patients were divided into the antiviral group (Group A, n = 86) and the control group (Group B, n = 40). The operative indications and prognosis of 126 patients were analyzed. Results: The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates for Group A and Group B were 55.4%, 36.1%, 33.7% and 53.8%, 28.2%, 23.1%, respectively. The corresponding overall survival (OS) rates for the two groups were 89.2%, 61.4%, 45.8% and 82.1%, 48.7%, 33.3%, respectively. The DFS and OS for Group A were better than for Group B (p = 0.013, and p = 0.038, respectively). Antiviral therapy was an independent protective factor of late tumor recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.391, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.190–0.806, p = 0.011] but not of early tumor recurrence. Conclusion: It is safe and feasible to perform HR combined with antiviral therapy for HBV-related HCC with BCLC stage B/C.

First, the experienced drivers with good driving skills are used as objects of learning and road steering test data of skilled drivers are collected in this article. To better simulate human drivers, skilled drivers’ steering characteristics are analyzed under different steering conditions. Vehicle trajectories of skilled drivers are fitted by general regression neural network, and the ideal path trajectory is obtained. Second, the model predictive control algorithm is used to build the driver model. According to the requirements of quickly and steadily tracking the track of skilled drivers, vehicle kinematics model is established. The objective function and the corresponding constraint conditions of the driver model based on model predictive control were determined. Finally, numerical simulations results demonstrate that the driver model based on model predictive control can accurately track the reference trajectory of skilled drivers under the four typical steering conditions, and the tracking effect is better than the traditional single-point preview driver model and path tracking method based on a β -spline curve.

With the development of social economy and the continuous popularization of Internet information technology, luxury brands marketing has improved brand competitiveness by combining new marketing methods in this era. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to use service design to improve the precise marketing strategy of luxury brands, and to study the current situation of luxury brands marketing and service design theory in the era of big data. Combining the existing research results of service design with the unique attributes of luxury brands marketing, by establishing the implementation path and theoretical model of introducing service design into luxury brands marketing, verifying the important role of service design in luxury brands marketing, and from this put forward the design model and feasibility strategies of marketing services for luxury brands.

In the context of the acceleration of economic globalization and the influence of multiculturalism, people’s lifestyle has changed, new demands have been made on brands, and many old names are facing the brand crisis. Therefore, through the study of brand equity theory and the elements of brand heritage, this article constructs a five-factor relationship model of brand heritage, and uses case analysis to sort out the impact of changes in modern lifestyle on China’s time-honored brands, and propose the legacy activation strategy of the time-honored brands. The aim is to make the China’s time-honored brands take full advantage of the brand heritage and combine the effective measures of modern cultural communication to enhance the core value of the brand and realize the inheritance and development of the brand culture.

The deep integration of Internet, intelligent manufacturing and big data technology has promoted the development of products to be networked, digital, intelligent and personalized. The rapid iteration and differential segmentation of consumer demand has spawned new personalized consumer demand, transforming the traditional manufacturing model into a service-oriented manufacturing model. This paper analyses the large-scale customized operation mode of domestic and foreign clothing custom brands. In view of the transformation of traditional clothing industry, this paper proposes a solution to establish a large-scale custom clothing architecture under the vision of intelligent manufacturing cloud platform technology. This paper uses data mining and cloud computing and other methods to build an “Internet + manufacturing” innovation model with rapid collaboration under the umbrella of big data, and propose an architecture for mass customization of clothing, providing effective solutions and strategy recommendations for the transformation and upgrading of the traditional apparel industry.

To provide reference data, we retrospectively investigated the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on 119 patients with HER-2+ locally advanced breast cancer, treated from November 2010 to July 2016, with respect to influencing factors and survival. They were divided into the pathological complete response (pCR; n=15; 12.6%) and non-pCR (n=104; 87.4%) groups. We used Χ2 and logistic tests to the analyze effect and influencing factors. Survival rate was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. We lost 12 patients (including 1 pCR patient) and followed 107 patients, of whom 31 (all in the non-pCR group) had local recurrences or distant metastasis. The two groups significantly differed in 3-year disease-free survival (pCR group: 100%; non-pCR group: 59.0%; P=0.039); pCR was significantly affected by histological grade, PR status, Ki67 index, primary tumor size, clinical staging, and number of trastuzumab cycles. The model was tested, and the difference was statistically significant (Χ2 = 31.938, P=0.032). Patients with HER-2+ locally advanced breast cancer with pCR responses to NAC have improved prognoses. Patients without pCR have increased risk for relapse. The use of a combination of NAC, such as trastuzumab and chemotherapy, and more cycles should be considered to increase the likelihood of pCR.

The experienced drivers with good driving skills are used as objects of learning, and road steering test data of skilled drivers are collected in this article. First, a nonlinear fitting was made to the driving trajectory of skilled driver in order to achieve human-simulated control. The segmental polynomial expression was solved for two typical steering conditions of normal right-steering and U-turn, and the hp adaptive pseudo-spectral method was used to solve the connection problem of the vehicle segmental driving trajectory. Second, a new Electric Power Steering (EPS) system was proposed, and the intelligent vehicle human-simulated steering system control model based on human simulated intelligent control (HSIC) was established in Simulink/Carsim joint simulation environment to simulate and analyze. Finally, in order to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in this article, an intelligent vehicle steering system test bench with a steering resistance torque simulation device was built, and the dSPACE rapid prototype controller was used to realize human-simulated intelligent control law. The results show that the human-simulated steering control algorithm is superior to the traditional proportion integration differentiation (PID) control in the tracking effect of the steering characteristic parameters and passenger comfort. The steering wheel angle and torque can better track the angle and torque variation curve of real vehicle steering experiment of the skilled driver, and the effectiveness of the intelligent vehicle human-simulated steering control algorithm based on HSIC proposed in this article is verified.

Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) is a member of dual-specificity kinase family, which could phosphorylate both Ser/Thr and Tyr substrates. The role of DYRK2 in human cancer remains controversial. For example, overexpression of DYRK2 predicts a better survival in human non-small cell lung cancer. In contrast, amplification of DYRK2 gene occurs in esophageal/lung adenocarcinoma, implying the role of DYRK2 as a potential oncogene. However, its clinical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been explored. In this study, we analyzed the expression of DYRK2 from Oncomine database and found that DYRK2 level is lower in primary or metastatic CRC compared to adjacent normal colon tissue or non-metastatic CRC, respectively, in 6 colorectal carcinoma data sets. The correlation between DYRK2 expression and clinical outcome in 181 CRC patients was also investigated by real-time PCR and IHC. DYRK2 expression was significantly down-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared with adjacent non-tumorous tissues. Functional studies confirmed that DYRK2 inhibited cell invasion and migration in both HCT116 and SW480 cells and functioned as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells. Furthermore, the lower DYRK2 levels were correlated with tumor sites (P = 0.023), advanced clinical stages (P = 0.006) and shorter survival in the advanced clinical stages. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that DYRK2 expression was an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.001). Taking all, we concluded that DYRK2 a novel prognostic biomarker of human colorectal cancer.

Driver’s intention classification and identification is identified as the key technology for intelligent vehicles and is widely used in a variety of advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS). To study driver’s steering intention under different typical operating conditions, five driving school coaches of different ages and genders are selected as the test drivers for a real vehicle test. Four kinds of typical car steering condition test data with four different vehicles are collected. Test data are filtered by the Butterworth filter and are used for extracting the driver steering characteristic parameters. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the three kinds of clustering analysis methods, including the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm (FCM), the Gustafson

BackgroundSeveral prospective studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between fruit juice intake and risk of incident type 2 diabetes, but results have been mixed. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the association between fruit juice intake and risk of type 2 diabetes.MethodsPubMed and Embase databases were searched up to December 2013. All prospective cohort studies of fruit juice intake with risk of type 2 diabetes were included. The pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for highest vs. lowest category of fruit juice intake were estimated using a random-effects model.ResultsA total of four studies (191,686 participants, including 12,375 with type 2 diabetes) investigated the association between sugar-sweetened fruit juice and risk of incident type 2 diabetes, and four studies (137,663 participants and 4,906 cases) investigated the association between 100% fruit juice and risk of incident type 2 diabetes. A higher intake of sugar-sweetened fruit juice was significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (RR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.04-1.59, p = 0.02), while intake of 100% fruit juice was not associated with risk of developing type 2 diabetes (RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.91-1.18, p = 0.62).ConclusionsOur findings support dietary recommendations to limit sugar-sweetened beverages, such as fruit juice with added sugar, to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.