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Pioneeringly, we point out a general principle for selecting an appropriate anti-solvent. Salting-out crystallization induced by a green anti-solvent (acetic acid, HAc) has been used for the first time to fabricate Sn-based PVSCs with an efficiency of 12.78%.

In order to improve the quality of Microgrid data, an automatic detection method of Microgrid bad data considering manifold ordering is proposed. The ELM network design and training model was constructed to extract the characteristic quantities of Microgrid data. Then, after analyzing the generation conditions of bad data, the quartile distance method is used to divide the identification interval of bad data, so as to improve the detection accuracy fundamentally. Then the Microgrid data are mapped to corresponding points in multi-dimensional vectors to form a weighted graph model. Considering the approximate manifold structure of data, a high-dimensional data automatic detection method based on manifold ordering is designed. The sorting scores of data nodes are calculated by confidence propagation, and the automatic detection results of bad data are obtained. Experimental results show that the root-mean-square error of monitoring results decreases obviously when the proposed method is used to detect bad data of Microgrid, indicating that the proposed method improves the accuracy of data detection.

Ara h 1 is one of the major allergens existed in peanut, peptides formed in the digestion process of Ara h 1 could induce allergic symptoms and cause local inflammatory. The mechanism of intestine epithelial immune has not been clarified yet. Here we explored the effect of digestion on the immunoreactivity and proinflammatory properties of recombinant Ara h 1 (rAra h 1). rAra h 1 was treated (or untreated) with heat, digested by pepsin. According to the results, in the early period of digestion, both native and heated rAra h 1 were degraded. Q-PCR and Western-blot results revealed that the NF-κB pathway was involved in the cytokine secretion. The proinflammatory effect were less pronounced in the samples treated with heat, demonstrating that digestion, instead of thermal process, could modify the proteins and peptides, which could then play a significant role in the activation of Caco-2 cells via the NF-κB pathway.

The germination process may produce bioactive compounds that could attenuate the antigenicity of peanut. However, it is poorly understood whether germinated peanut causes less severe immunogenic responses and if resveratrol is beneficial for the prevention of peanut allergy. In this study, allergen content and resveratrol production were measured during the germination process. Immunoreactivity was evaluated by immunoblotting and ELISA assay. The allergic activities of germinated peanut were determined by the mediator-release assay using RBL-2H3 cells. The results showed that the total protein content and the most allergenic proteins, Ara h 1, 3, and 2/6, were significantly degraded after germination. The IgE reactivity of five day-germinated peanut was significantly decreased as determined by immunoassay and mediator release assay. A lower concentration (1 nmol/L) resveratrol had an inhibitory effect on β‑hexosaminidase release. The degradation of allergens and resveratrol enrichment may be responsible for the lower allergenicity of germinated peanut.

Objective To analyze the correlation between D-dimer/fibrinogen (D/F) ratio, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and the severity of coronary stenosis and illness in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and explore the clinical application value of D/F ratio. Methods The case data of 443 patients undergone coronary angiography in the Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University during Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2017 were collected, and then the patients were divided into normal group, stable angina pectoris (SAP) group and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group. The ACS group was divided into single-vessel disease group, double-vessel disease group and triple-vessel disease group according to the number of coronary lesions and into high Gensini score group and low Gensini score group according to the median of Gensini score. The correlations of D-dimer, fibrinogen, D/F ratio and hs-CRP with ACS were compared respectively, and then analyzing the predictive value for diagnosis of ACS and evaluation of lesion severity. Results The overall trend of D-dimer, fibrinogen and hs- CRP was normal group 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that D/F ratio and hs-CRP were independent risk factors for high Gensini score in ACS patients (OR=1.136, P=0.045; OR=1.197, P

Background Lentinan can inhibit the proliferation of many kinds of tumor cells, and some studies have shown that lentinan can inhibit the growth of tumor tissue by directly killing tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunoprophylaxis effect and mechanism of tumor specific antigen induced by lentinan on liver cancer in mice.Methods The immunogen was prepared which was induced by lentinan. And two different mouse H22 liver cancer models (ascites tumor and solid tumor)were established after immunogen immunized. The tumor growth and immune organ index of mice in each group were measured. In order to analyze the immune mechanism, the activity of CTL cells, activation of ADCC pathway ,T lymphocyte subsets, expression of CD4 + T,CD8 + T cells and expression of DC, and surface molecular markers CD80 and CD86 in immunized mice were analyzed. The expression of cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum and cell supernatant of mice in each group was tested too. Finally, the immunogen was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), and the functional proteins were screened for further analysis.Results The liver, spleen and thymus of the mice immunized with immunogen were protected to a certain extent. In immunized mice, the proportion of CD4 + T cells increased, the proportion of CD8 + T cells decreased, the ratio of CD4 + T/CD8 + T increased, and the killing activity of T lymphocytes increased significantly. The expression of CD80 in mature DC cells of immunized mice increased and cytokines increased significantly. The results of protein mass spectrometry analysis of immunogen showed that immunogen produced protein properties that inhibit cancer.Conclusion The H22 whole-cell cleavage vaccine induced by lentinan is effective in the immunity of mouse hepatoma H22 and has development value in the future.

International audience; Scope: Factors such as food processing, the food matrix, and antacid medication may affect the bio-accessibility of proteins in the gastrointestinal tract and hence their allergenic activity. However, at present they are poorly understood. Methods and Results: Roasted peanut flour was incorporated into either a chocolate dessert or cookie matrix and bio-accessibility were assessed using an in vitro digestion system comprising a model chew and simulated gastric and duodenal digestion. Protein digestion was monitored by SDS-PAGE and immunoreactivity analyzed by immunoblotting and immunoassay. IgE reactivity was assessed by immunoassay using serum panels from peanut-allergic subjects. Roasted peanut flour proteins proved highly digestible following gastro-duodenal digestion even when incurred into a food matrix, with only low molecular weight polypeptides of Mr < 8 kDa remaining. When gastric digestion was performed at pH 6.5 (simulating the effect of antacid medication), peanut proteins are not digested; subsequent duodenal digestion is also limited. IgE reactivity of the major peanut allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 6, although reduced, was retained after oral-gastro-duodenal digestion irrespective of digestion conditions employed.Conclusion: Peanut allergen bio-accessibility is unaffected by the dessert or cookie matrices whilst high intra-gastric pH conditions render allergens more resistant to digestion.

Ara h 1 is a key peanut allergen and its activity is significantly affected by protein intrinsic structure which is found to be regulated by heat treatment, although the molecular basis for this regulation has remained largely unknown. Here, we explored the effect of boiling on the structure and allergenicity of recombinant peanut protein Ara h 1 (rAra h 1). rAra h 1 was purified from E. Coli BL21(DE3) plysS cells and structurally studied. According to the results, rAra h 1 undergoes degradation during the heating process, and the aggregation of fragments happened after 20 min of heating. An increased surface hydrophobic index and a decreased content of α-helixes were found in rAra h 1, indicating a looser protein structure of rAra h 1 caused by heat treatment. Destroyed epitopes during protein degradation and aggregation could be a mechanism of reducing the allergenic nature of rAra h 1 by heat treatment.

Food processing affects the bioavailability and immunoreactivity of allergens. However, there was a lack of the combined study of the influence of the processing and gastrointestinal digestion on peanut matrix. Digestibility of peanut matrices was assessed by using an in vitro digestion model and monitored by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting with polyclonal antibody and serum from peanut-allergic patients. The IgE-binding ability of digested samples will be assessed by immunoassay. Peanut proteins were digested by pepsin after only 2 min which was accompanied by a loss of high molecular weight proteins and enrichment in polypeptides with molecular weight lower than 10 kDa. Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 were partly proteolysis, and Ara h 2/6 containing a digestion-resistant fragment. All soluble fractions after 120 min gastric digestion reduced a higher IgE-binding ability than that after 10 min. Our findings provide a more realistic picture, considering the role of food processing and food matrix.

Processing time (5–35 min) and temperature (105 °C–150 °C) during thermal processing may affect the structure and immunoreactivity of peanut allergen protein. In the present study, we aimed to find a correlation between heating mode and characteristics of peanut protein, and optimize the heating condition to reduce the allergenicity. Roasted peanut protein under the condition of extremely high temperature (over 130 °C) resulted in high allergenicity, accompanied with reduced concentration and IgE binding capacity of Ara h 1 and Ara h 3, but increased Ara h 2/6 IgE binding capacity. In addition, the structure of roasted protein under the condition of 130 °C for 20 min was the loosest with higher surface hydrophobicity index, more β-fold and the irregular coil, and less α-helix. In contrast, the allergenicity of boiled peanut proteins was decreased as the concentration and IgE binding capacities of all allergen were reduced. Because of the water medium, all bonding energy in the boiling group was lower than that in the roasting group. Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds were more prominent on the boiling samples. The finding indicates mild roasted temperature or boiling for 10 min can effectively reduce the peanut allergenicity.

Previous researches have shown microbial diversity in sourdoughs in different regions. However, the specific reasons of those differences need further study. This study has identified the bacterial composition using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology in eighteen geographically representative sourdough in China and determined the effects of environmental factors on bacterial community. In order to identify potential strains to produce hypoallergenic wheat products, preliminary screening of bacteria based on its capabilities in decreasing allergenicity of wheat protein was used. The results showed that the predominant bacteria in 15/18 samples were Lactobacillus, while Weissella in Guangdong samples. Environmental factors (altitude, annual average temperature, annual rainfall and sunshine duration) have effects on the diversity and richness of bacteria in sourdough, while no influence on type of dominant bacteria. Pediococcus acidilacticiXZ31, Pediococcus pentosaceusGD4 and Lactobacillus sakeiGS6, isolated from XZ, GD, GS samples, respectively, showed superiority over other selected strains in reducing wheat proteins allergenicity.

Boiling and frying can alter the structure of peanut allergens and therefore change the IgE-binding capacity of the Ara h 1. In this research, we aim to clarify the connections between structural changes and the allergenicity alteration, and recommend an effective thermal method to minimize the allergenicity of Ara h 1. Anion exchange chromatography was used to isolate Ara h 1 from non/heat-treated peanuts. Ara h 1 in boiled peanuts has a relatively low hydrophobic index, reduced maximum emission wavelength in the fluorescence, less content of α-helix, and the lowest IgE-binding efficiency. On the contrary, Ara h 1 in fried peanuts present a much higher degeneration degree, a red shift in fluorescence, and a decrease in the content of α-helix. These data indicate that boiling can reduce the allergenicity of Ara h 1, thus can be utilized in peanut processing from a security point of view.

Imbibition oil recovery theory main includes capillary forces theory, wettability alteration theory, ion desorption and flow theory. Imbibition is effected by many factors, including the reservoir rock wettability, reservoir properties, fluid properties and environmental factors. Due to the complexity of effect factors, the scholars’ views are not consistent on the imbibition oil recovery theory. In this review, the influencing factors and relationship of imbibition oil recovery theory are presented and comparatively discussed. Furthermore, the latest experimental research methods and progress are introduced as well. At last, the future development of the theory and the problems to be solved are predicted.

By using the electrochemical methods of polarization curves and alternating-current impedance and drawing curves with Origin software as well as fitting and analyzing the data of the analytic experiments, the corrosion law of the carbon steel in stratum water containing CO2 at different temperatures is researched in this paper. The result shows that the material corrosion in the simulated stratum water containing saturated CO2 at different temperatures is active dissolution process and is mainly subjected to the activation control. The temperature rise increases the reaction rate of the reactant in the medium while promoting anode process and cathode process so as to increase the corrosion rate of the carbon steel. And, the auxo-action of the temperature to the cathode process is bigger than the anode process. The examples prove that the Origin software can conveniently draw the curves as well as rapidly and accurately analyze and fit the experiment data. The processing process is convenient and rapid, which can save much time than the manual calculation and works better than other professional mathematical analysis software because it does not need programming.

Our previous study showed that trans-fatty acids can cause apoptosis of endothelial cells through the caspase pathway and the mitochondrial pathway. The objective of this study was to explore how trans-fatty acids activate the caspase pathway, whether there exist specific receptors induced apoptosis by comparing normal cells and non-rafts cells treated with elaidic acid (9t18:1) and oleic acid (9c18:1), respectively. Compared to normal cells treated with 9t18:1, the cell viability increased by 13% and the number of apoptotic cells decreased by 3% in non-rafts cells treated with 9t18:1 (p < 0.05), and the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, -8, -9, Bax, and Bid decreased, and expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 increased (p < 0.05). In addition, Fas/FasL expression in cell membrane decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the lipid rafts and Fas/FasL pathway may involve in 9t18:1-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Low carbon development mode meet requirements of urban green landscape and green landscape properties. According to green landscape, plant settlement, design implementation and low carbon development, we proposed three pieces of advice, which including ecological network construction of public green system, plant community carbon layers, seamless docking between plant landscape and grounding interface. Then we establish low carbon evaluation system for landscape through balancing low carbon ecological effect, aesthetic value, social value, so as to providing means for the construction of urban landscape planning low carbon development.

A novel method for the determination of five carbamate pesticides (metolcarb, carbofuran, carbaryl, isoprocard and diethofencard) in watermelon and tomato samples was developed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Some experimental parameters that influence the extraction efficiency were studied and optimised to obtain the best extraction results. Under the optimum conditions for the method, the calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 10 to 1000 ng g−1 for all the five carbamate pesticides, with the correlation coefficients (r) varying from 0.9982 to 0.9992. Good enrichment factors were achieved ranging between 80 and 177, depending on the compound. The limits of detection (LODs) (S/N = 3) were ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 ng g−1. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of the pesticide residues in watermelon and tomato samples. The recoveries of the method fell in the range...

The rivers are the important environmental factors to influence and restrict the urban structure morphology. Based on reviewing the relationship between rivers and urban structure at different historical period, analyzing the problems about constructing the spatial structure of the water net city in china, the article discusses the method of the urban structure morphology in water net cities. With the example of Nanning development, analyzing natural environment and space structure on the basis of water net feature, the article proposes spatial structure morphology idea and method in order to provide reference for city development and active interaction.

Rapid urbanization, Integration of urban and rural areas has brought many negative effects for ecology, living environment and sustainable development, Land for Construction-oriented system of traditional urban planning theory has been far from meeting the increasingly urgent needs of the ecological environment, The system has given the limitations of living environment for improving the performance of the urban landscape ecology, therefore, we need new concept to guide urban ecological environment construction. The article analyses natural environment and space expansion on the basis of existing problems, the article propose specific space expansion method in order to provide reference for city development and active interaction.

A novel ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction (UASEME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection has been developed for the extraction and determination of six carbamate pesticides (metolcarb, carbofuran, carbaryl, pirimicarb, isoprocarb and diethofencarb) in water samples. In the UASEME technique, Tween 20 was used as emulsifier, and chlorobenzene and chloroform were used as dual extraction solvent without using any organic dispersive solvent that is normally required in the previously described common dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method. Parameters that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the kind and volume of the extraction solvent, the type and concentration of the surfactant, ultrasound emulsification time and salt addition, were investigated and optimized for the method. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors were in the range between 170 and 246. The limits of detection of the method were 0.1–0.3 ng mL −1 and the limits of quantification were between 0.3 and 0.9 ng mL −1 , depending on the compounds. The linearity of the method was obtained in the range of 0.3–200 ng mL −1 for metolcarb, carbaryl, pirimicarb, and diethofencarb, 0.6–200 ng mL −1 for carbofuran, and 0.9–200 ng mL −1 for isoprocarb, with the correlation coefficients ( r ) ranging from 0.9982 to 0.9998. The relative standard deviations varied from 3.2 to 4.8% ( n = 5). The recoveries of the method for the six carbamates from water samples at spiking levels of 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 ng mL −1 were ranged from 81.0 to 97.5%. The proposed UASEME technique has demonstrated to be simple, practical and environmentally friendly for the determination of carbamates residues in river, reservoir and well water samples.

Lipid rafts were reported to play important roles in elaidic acid-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Linolelaidic acid induced cell injury more seriously than elaidic acid. However, whether lipid rafts may play the same roles for linolelaidic acid- and elaidic acid-induced cell injury was unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of lipid rafts on linolelaidic acid- and elaidic acid-induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inflammation in HUVECs. The cell viability was significantly decreased, the number of apoptotic cells and cell population in G1 phase were significantly increased in elaidic acid- or linolelaidic acid-treated cells, compared to methyl-β-cyclodextrin + trans-fatty acids-treated cells. In addition, the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase-3, -8, Bax, p53) and inflammation factors (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule, E-selectin and nitro oxide) were significantly increased, and anti-apoptotic protein like Bcl-2 decreased significantly in linolelaidic acid-treated cells, which were stronger than those in elaidic acid-treated cells. In conclusion, linolelaidic acid induces a stronger lesion effect on HUVECs through lipid rafts compared to elaidic acid. Practical applications: Different processing method generated different trans fatty acids, such as industrial hydrogenation produced amount of trans 18:1, deep frying with temperature over 200°C generated both trans 18:1 and trans 18:2. Researches reported that trans fatty acids with different saturation had diverse effect on human health, especially cardiovascular disease. This paper found that 9t12t18:2 induced a stronger lesion effect on HUVECs compared with 9t18:1 through lipid rafts, which indicated that we should pay attention to 9t12t18:2 produced from deep frying, and the deep frying temperature should be dropped to reduce the trans 18:2 level. Moreover, the involvement of lipid rafts in trans fatty acids induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inflammation was demonstrated, which provided a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Both linoelaidic acid and elaidic acid induced HUVECs apoptosis and increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. However, supplementation of TFAs to MβCD-treated cells increased the cell viability and significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells. Moreover, linolelaidic acid induces a stronger lesion effect on HUVECs by lipid rafts mediation compared to elaidic acid.

Uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein by endothelial cells is a critical step for the initiation of atherosclerosis. Triacylglycerol uptake in these cells is understood to be a part of the process. The present investigation, comparison among the effects of simple acylglycerol, including tristearin, triolein, and trilinolein, upon oxidized low-density lipoprotein -induced oxidative stress was undertaken. Results indicated that trilinolein (78 % ± 0.02) and triolein (90 % ± 0.01) increased cell viability of endothelial cells exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein, whereas tristearin decreased the cell viability (55 % ± 0.03) (P < 0.05). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein treatment significantly increased apoptosis (23 %), compared to cells simultaneously exposed to trilinolein (19 %) or triolein (16 %), where apoptosis was reduced (P < 0.05). On the other hand, exposure to tristearin further increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein -induced cell apoptosis (34 %). Treatment with trilinolein or triolein on oxidized low-density lipoprotein -stimulated endothelial cells inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin mRNA. Moreover, both trilinolein and triolein demonstrated a strong antioxidant response to oxidative stress caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Taken together, the results indicate trilinolein and triolein possess anti-inflammatory properties, which are mediated via the antioxidant defense system.

Trans fatty acids (TFA) are reported to contribute to inflammation and coronary heart disease. The study aim was to investigate the proapoptotic effects of two double bond TFA (TDTFA) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The HUVEC were grown in media supplied with linoelaidic acid (9t,12t-C18:2) at 50, 100, 200, 400 μmol/l for 24 or 48 h to examine the effects of TDTFA on the viability and apoptosis of these cells. Flow cytometry analysis and confocal scanning were used to measure apoptosis, cell binding of Annexin V and propidium iodide uptake. Colorimetric assay and RT-PCR were used to analyze enzyme activities and mRNA expression of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in HUVEC. Results showed that 9t,12t-C18:2 inhibited the viability of HUVEC in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The percentages of 9t,12t-C18:2 induced apoptotic and necrotic cells significantly increased compared with that of the control. The activities and mRNA expression of caspase-8, -9 and -3 were significantly increased in 9t,12t-C18:2 treated cells compared to that of the control. Addition of specific inhibitors of caspase-8 (z-IETD-fmk) and caspase-9 (z-LEHD-fmk) to HUVEC was found to completely inhibit 9t,12t-C18:2-induced activation of caspase-3, and z-IETD-fmk inhibited the activation of caspase-9. Meanwhile, it was found that mRNA expression of Bid, Smac/DIABLO and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly elevated by 9t,12t-C18:2 treatment. These results suggest that 9t,12t-C18:2 may induce apoptosis of HUVEC through activating caspase-8, -9 and -3. Both the death receptor pathway and the mitochondrial pathway may be involved in the apoptosis induced by 9t,12t-C18:2.