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Polyurethane grouting materials are widely utilized in dam restoration projects due to their advantages of early strength, rapid formation, high expansion and excellent impermeability. With the increasing complexity of the service environment, polyurethane grouting materials in practical engineering are influenced by factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, and external loads. These influences can lead to the emergence of damage cracks within and on the surface of the materials, which subsequently accelerate the propagation into macroscopic cracks, resulting in the deterioration of material properties. Consequently, this negatively impacts the effectiveness of the grouting repair. In this paper, the impact of service ambient temperature and humidity on the cracking process and fracture properties of polyurethane grouting materials were studied by three-point bending test. The findings revealed that the ambient temperature and humidity had insignificant influence on the failure morphology of polyurethane grouting materials, which consistently exhibited a flat and smooth surface. And the slight plastic deformation occurred around the pore edges in high temperature. With the increase of ambient temperature, degradation of the polyurethane matrix ensued, resulting in a decline in load-bearing capacity, fracture toughness, and fracture energy, accompanied by increased flexural strain. Notably, the brittleness of polyurethane became more pronounced at lower temperatures. The humidity environment slightly reduced the fracture toughness and fracture energy of polyurethane grouting materials.

Abstract The load sharing performance of encased differential planetary system has a great impact on the operating performance and service life of the transmission system of the coaxial high speed helicopter. In order to improve the load-sharing performance of the gear pair, the influence of different floating spline structural parameters on the load sharing characteristics of the system was studied. Considering the manufacturing error, installation error, time varying meshing stiffness and other factors, the Lagrange equation is used to construct the dynamic model of encased differential planetary gear train with floating spline structure. The effects of input torque, spline clearance, spline shaft stiffness and spline friction coefficient on the load sharing performance of gear pairs were analyzed. The results show that the differential stage system has a better load sharing performance than the encased stage system. The increase of input torque helps to improve the load sharing performance of the system, and the improvement of the encased stage system is more obvious. The floating spline of sun gear of the encased stage has a greater impact on the load sharing performance of the system. Furthermore, increasing the floating spline clearance, reducing spline shaft stiffness or increasing the friction coefficient of the spline can improve the load sharing performance of the system overall.

Abstract Deep learning‐based image registration (DLIR) has been widely developed, but it remains challenging in perceiving small and large deformations. Besides, the effectiveness of the DLIR methods was also rarely validated on the downstream tasks. In the study, a multi‐scale complexity‐aware registration network (MSCAReg‐Net) was proposed by devising a complexity‐aware technique to facilitate DLIR under a single‐resolution framework. Specifically, the complexity‐aware technique devised a multi‐scale complexity‐aware module (MSCA‐Module) to perceive deformations with distinct complexities, and employed a feature calibration module (FC‐Module) and a feature aggregation module (FA‐Module) to facilitate the MSCA‐Module by generating more distinguishable deformation features. Experimental results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed MSCAReg‐Net over the existing methods in terms of registration accuracy. Besides, other than the indices of Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and percentage of voxels with non‐positive Jacobian determinant (|Jϕ|≤0), a comprehensive evaluation of the registration performance was performed by applying this method on a downstream task of multi‐atlas hippocampus segmentation (MAHS). Experimental results demonstrated that this method contributed to a better hippocampus segmentation over other DLIR methods, and a comparable segmentation performance with the leading SyN method. The comprehensive assessment including DSC, |Jϕ|≤0, and the downstream application on MAHS demonstrated the advances of this method.

BackgroundThere is growing evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 infection is associated with the development of immune mediated neuropathies like chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), but the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and COVID-19 infection on genetic disorders such as Charcot–MarieTooth (CMT) remains unclear.Case presentationA 42-year-old male with occulted CMT neuropathy type lA (CMT1A) who developed limb numbness and weakness after the second SARS-CoV-2-vaccination was confirmed by identifying characteristic repeats in the p11.2 region of chromosome 17. Due to the progressive deterioration of muscle strength over 8 weeks, limb atrophy, moderately elevated protein counts in the cerebrospinal fluid, and significant improvement with intravenous human immunoglobulin, which were characteristic of acquired inflammatory neuropathies, he was eventually diagnosed with CIDP superimposed on CMT1A. However, after a three-month plateau, the patient contracted COVID-19, which led to repeated and worsening symptoms of limb weakness and atrophy, thus was diagnosed with a recurrence of CIDP and treated with Intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone 500 mg/d for 5 consecutive days, followed by oral prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil tablets. On 2 month follow-up, he exhibited remarkable clinical improvement and could walk independently with rocking gait. After 1 year of follow-up, the patient’s condition was stable without further change.ConclusionOur case indicates that CMT1A can deteriorate after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should be considered a potential predisposing factor for CMT1A worsening. The possible superposition of CMTIA and CIDP in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection or immunity suggests that any clinical exacerbation in patients with CMT1A should be carefully evaluated to rule out treatable superposition inflammation. In addition, electrophysiological and imaging examination of the proximal nerves, such as the axillary nerve, is helpful for the diagnosis of CIDP.

Implementing watershed carbon compensation under the constraint of fiscal imbalance is a crucial approach for China to achieve its “dual carbon” goals. Focusing on 257 counties within the Pearl River Basin (PRB), this paper first measured and modified the land use carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and the land use carbon budget (LUCB) from 2005 to 2020. Subsequently, their spatiotemporal patterns and the changes before and after the modifications were analyzed. Finally, this paper determined the subject–object, value, and priority order of carbon compensation using the modified LUCB as the baseline value, and a carbon compensation mechanism that combines vertical and horizontal directions was constructed. The following findings were obtained: (1) At the time scale, the proportion of construction land and forestland in the land use structure increased, and carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and the LUCB showed an overall upward trend from 2005 to 2020. (2) At the spatial scale, the areas with high carbon emissions and carbon deficits were mainly located in the lower reaches of the basin, whereas the areas with high carbon absorption and carbon surpluses were widely distributed in the upper and middle reaches. The carbon deficit in urban municipal districts and resource-based counties was relatively serious. (3) In 2020, the total amount of carbon compensation in the PRB was CNY −8088.61 million. The number of counties that needed to be paid and compensated was 75 and 182, respectively. The carbon compensation mechanism constructed in this paper can provide a reference for other countries and regions with financial imbalances to achieve regional carbon neutrality.

Under the influence of mountainous terrain, the spatial synergy between tourism resources and tourism service facilities has emerged as a pivotal factor affecting the overall efficiency enhancement of regional tourism destinations. In order to explore the synergistic effect of the two, taking Qimen County as the study site, this study utilizes Point of Interest (POI) data of tourism resources and tourism service facilities. It constructs a fine-scale multidimensional spatial synergy methodology based on grid vectorization to conduct scenario-based comparative analyses of altitude and population density. The objective is to elucidate the effects of fine-scale tourism development synergy and propose enhancement strategies. The findings are as follows: (1) The vertical zonation of mountains has led to a widespread, decentralized distribution of natural tourism resources in mid-to-high-altitude areas, while humanistic tourism resources in low-altitude urbanized areas exhibit a granular, clustered distribution. These contrasting scenarios manifest a polarization, making it difficult to achieve supply–demand matching of the layout pattern of tourism service facilities along transportation routes. (2) The spatial gradient effect of the synergy between the two in mountainous counties is significant, with a higher synergy level in core towns and obvious misalignment in peripheral areas. (3) Altitude and population density are critical factors influencing the supply of tourism service facilities. Through scale aggregation guidance and cost–benefit mechanisms, the spatial distribution can be classified, stratified, and optimized to better serve resource development. This study provides valuable insights into understanding laws governing development and utilization within mountainous county areas for academic research purposes.

Abnormal mitochondrial function resulting in inadequate energy supply leads to sarcopenia and IR, suggesting that maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating mitophagy may be a promising strategy for sarcopenia IR therapy. Herein, we constructed sarcopenia mice model, which was treated with berberine and/or SIRT1/mitophagy inhibitors, and the activity of SIRT1/mitophagy signaling pathway was identified. Then, muscle tissue, blood biochemical index, inflammatory factors, GTT, and ITT were detected. We found that berberine treatment increased the body weight and alleviated d-galactose-induced weight loss in mice. SIRT1/mitophagy inhibitors suppressed the effects of berberine in the treatment of sarcopenia. The effect of berberine on the increase of muscle tissue, improving metabolic disorders, reducing the expression of inflammatory factors, and suppressing sarcopenia insulin resistance (IR) were reversed by SIRT1/mitophagy inhibitors. Our study establishes proof-of-concept to distinct the effect of berberine in sarcopenia IR, and provides strong evidence to support the hypothesis that berberine-induced SIRT1 triggers mitochondrial autophagy pathway and suppresses IR in sarcopenia.

Environmental regulation promotes industrial structure change and regional economic transformation through land use adjustment, which gets a new way to explore the path of reforming traditional industrialization and urbanization. Based on the panel data of 128 prefecture-level cities in China 's Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2020, this paper uses the spatial Dubin model to analyze the impact of environmental regulation and land use efficiency on the upgrading of industrial structure, and sets the panel threshold model to examine the impact of environmental regulation on the upgrading of industrial structure by affecting land use efficiency. The results show that formal environmental regulation has a significant positive spatial effect on the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure, which are 0.1734 and 0.2854 respectively. Informal environmental regulation has a negative spillover effect on neighboring provinces but not significant. Heterogeneous environmental regulation has obvious “double threshold effect” on industrial upgrading by affecting land use efficiency. When the threshold of environmental regulation intensity is 0.0315–0.0886, environmental regulation still inhibits land use efficiency and industrial structure upgrading. When the threshold value is greater than 0.0886, environmental regulation has a positive impact on land use efficiency but not significant. With the intensity of environmental regulation from weak to strong, it will produce a double threshold effect of “strong inhibition-weak inhibition-interaction promotion” on the upgrading of manufacturing structure through the adjustment of land use efficiency.

Software testing faces problems such as low automation and difficult reuse of testing methods. The purpose of this paper is to explore software testing automation methods with the aid of artificial intelligence. In this paper, based on the BS algorithm, the RF algorithm is constructed by Bagging integration, the RF algorithm is optimized by reducing the generalization error through the residual function, and the random forest model for software automation detection is constructed. After that, the model is examined and analyzed using automated detection of malicious software samples as a case study. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the Random Forest algorithm after feature selection reaches 98.9%, its prediction time is the least (7 seconds), and the Random Forest algorithm for training is the best. Z software’s optimized RF algorithm model has an accuracy of between 86% and 99.3% when detecting seven malicious types of samples. This paper’s proposed random forest algorithm model based on artificial intelligence assistance is well-suited for automated software testing, and the detection method is feasible.

This paper constructs a GIS database from the aspects of data input, storage and processing. Then, it applies a BP neural network learning algorithm to categorize rural ecotourism resources and evaluate their development potential. Finally, it presents four aspects of the challenges of AI technology in rural ecotourism resource development. The rate of discrimination when rural types are divided into two types is overall higher than that when they are divided into three types, and their correct rates are all more than 86%. The best-developed villages among the rural ecotourism resources in %%A are villages J, C, and E, with total development values of 6.5647, 6.5225, and 6.4919, respectively. Villages A (5.5384), G (5.3031), and I (5.5586) are the next best-developed areas, with total development potentials ranging between 5 and 6. The rest of the 4 villages with total development value

Using NaAlO2 + NaOH as the electrolyte system, under constant pressure mode, the volume fraction of SiC was 45%, and the particle size was 5 μm, the surface of SiCp/Al based composite material was subjected to micro-arc oxidation treatment, and the effect of duty cycle on the microstructure and properties of the micro-arc oxidation film of SiCp/Al based composite material was studied. SEM was used to analyze the morphology of micro-arc oxidation film under different duty cycles. The phase composition of the film was studied by X-ray diffractometry. The roughness, micro-hardness and bonding force of the film were analyzed by roughness meter, Vickers hardness tester and scratch meter. The corrosion resistance of the film was studied by electrochemical workstation. Results showed that with the increase of duty cycle, the micro-arc oxidation film became continuous, the thickness showed an increasing trend, the roughness gradually increased, and the porosity gradually decreased. The duty cycle had a certain effect on the phase composition of micro-arc oxidation film. The adhesion between the micro-arc oxidation film and the substrate of SiCp/Al based composite materials first increased and then decreased with the increase of the duty cycle. The micro-arc oxidation film prepared under different duty cycles all improved the corrosion resistance of SiCp/Al based composite materials. The corrosion resistance of SiCp/Al based composite materials was the best when the duty cycle was 70%.

Objective·To observe the effect of montelukast on the expressions of key genes in LTB4 (leukotriene B4) metabolic pathway in treating asthma and investigate the candidate intervene targets of asthma.Methods·The acute, subacute, and chronic asthmatic mouse models characterizing by allergic airway disease (AAD) were set up by ovalbumin (OVA) and Al(OH)3 sensitization and challenge and intervened by intragastric administration of montelukast and finally challenged by OVA for chronic asthma model. The pulmonary functions of mice were tested by unconstrained whole body plethysmograph, to quest the change patterns of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The eosinophil (EOS) infiltration and goblet cell (GCL) hyperplasia in mouse lungs were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, to quest the pathologic features of airway allergic inflammation. The levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin (IL) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were detected by ELISA and Milliplex kits, to quest the helper T cell type 2 (Th2) inflammation status. The transcription and protein levels of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP), leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), and leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) genes, which encoded the rate-limiting enzymes in LTB4 synthesis pathway, were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results·The asthmatic mouse model could be set up by OVA and Al (OH)3 and was presented as AHR characterized by increasing enhanced pause (Penh) value, eosinophilic inflammation and high mucous secretion pathologically characterized by airway EOS infiltration and GCL hyperplasia, Th2 inflammation immunologically characterized by the increasing levels of IgE, IL-4, and IL-13 as well as decreasing levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 in BALF and serum. Montelukast could alleviate AAD effectively. The transcription and protein levels of ALOX5AP, LTA4H, and BLT1 genes increased in asthma. Montelukast can inhibit the expression of ALOX5AP gene and promote the expressions of LTB4 and BLT1 genes in asthmatic chronic phase. When challenged by OVA once again, montelukast can induce the significantly high expressions of LTB4 and BLT1 genes.Conclusion·Montelukast has the effect of relieving allergic inflammation in asthma mice, but it can stimulate the production and accumulation of LTB4 and is significant in chronic phase. When challenged by OVA a second time, LTB4 could be promoted to combine with BLT1 and attend in the pathogenesis of asthma. The results suggested that there was a potential risk of activation of LTB4 by montelukast. The rate-limiting enzyme LTA4H and its receptor BLT1 metabolism may be potential targets for asthma treatment.

The factors affecting the bound acrylonitrile content of NBR product during the polyme-rization process were investigated, including monomer reactivity ratio, monomer conversion, monomer concentration, and polymerization temperature and pressure, the structural composition of the product was analyzed, and the polymerization reaction kinetics and repeatability experiment were carried out. The results showed that under the polymerization temperature of 5.0 ℃ and polymerization pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa, NBR products with uniform distribution of acrylonitrile structure units and mass fraction of bound acrylonitrile of 17%-19% could be obtained by using multi-stage addition of acrylonitrile and controlling the monomer conversion of 70%-75%. The polymerization formula and process had good repeatability.

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are often referred to as the “living skin” of arid regions worldwide. Yet, the combined impact of BSCs on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and enzyme activities remains not fully understood. This study identified, screened and reviewed 71 out of 2856 literature sources to assess the responses of soil C, N, P and enzyme activity to BSCs through a meta-analysis. The results indicated that BSC presence significantly increased soil C, N, P and soil enzyme activity, and this increasing effect was significantly influenced by the types of BSCs. Results from the overall effect showed that soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP) increased by 107.88%, 84.52%, 45.43%, 27.46%, and 54.71%, respectively, and four soil enzyme activities (Alkaline Phosphatase, Cellulase, Sucrase, and Urease) increased by 93.65–229.27%. The highest increases in SOC, TN and AN content occurred in the soil covered with lichen crusts and moss crusts, and significant increases in Alkaline Phosphatase and Cellulase were observed in the soil covered with moss crusts and mixed crusts, suggesting that moss crusts can synergistically enhance soil C and N pool and enzyme activity. Additionally, variations in soil C, N, P content, and enzyme activity were observed under different environmental settings, with more pronounced improvements seen in coarse and medium-textured soils compared to fine-textured soils, particularly at a depth of 5 cm from the soil surface. BSCs in desert ecosystems showed more significant increases in SOC, TN, AN, and Alkaline Phosphatase compared to forest and grassland ecosystems. Specifically, BSCs at low altitude (≤500 m) with an annual average rainfall of 0–400 mm and an annual average temperature ≤ 10 °C were the most conducive to improving soil C, N, and P levels. Our results highlight the role of BSCs and their type in increasing soil C, N, P and enzyme activities, with these effects significantly impacted by soil texture, ecosystem type, and climatic conditions. The implications of these findings are crucial for soil enhancement, ecosystem revitalization, windbreak, and sand stabilization efforts in the drylands of China.

Research on land use carbon emission efficiency (LUCEE) in the Pan-Pearl River Delta (PPRD) can aid in formulating regional differentiated carbon reduction strategies. In this work, the inversion of carbon emissions using night-time light (NTL) data and the modified Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model were used to measure the net carbon emissions from land use (NCELU). On this basis, the SBM-undesirable model was used to assess the LUCEE. Additionally, the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), Dagum Gini coefficient, and spatial convergence model were further introduced to analyze the spatial correlation, regional differences, and convergence trend of the LUCEE. Findings indicate that: (1) The NCELU showed an increasing fluctuation. During the period of 2006–2020, the NCELU increased from −168.58 million tons to −724.65 million tons. (2) The LUCEE exhibited a three-phase fluctuating downward trend of “decrease–rise–decrease”. The LUCEE first decreased from 0.612 in 2006 to 0.544 in 2008, then gradually increased to 0.632 in 2016, and finally decreased to 0.488 in 2020. Spatially, the LUCEE manifested a distribution characteristic of “high in the north and south, low in the middle”, with distinct spatial clustering features. (3) The overall Gini coefficient in the study period increased from 0.1819 to 0.2461. The primary contributor to the overall difference over the entire sample period was hypervariable density. (4) The PPRD and its various subregions displayed significant features of absolute and conditional β convergence. The speed of regional convergence from fastest to slowest was central > west > east, with the absolute convergence speeds of 0.0505, 0.0360, and 0.0212, respectively. Finally, policy recommendations are proposed to achieve regional carbon neutrality for the PPRD.

Comprehensive assessment of the ecological risks of oceanic island destinations is conducive to determining the characteristics and rules of ecological risks brought by oceanic island tourism development. The purpose of this study is to scientifically examine and study the ecological risks of oceanic island destinations and seek for sustainable development, taking Mount Putuo Island of Zhoushan in China as a case. Based on the landscape ecological risk (ERI) assessment results, pressure-state-response (PSR) ecological risks assessment results of tourism development, and the overlay function of ArcGIS, we carried out a study about comprehensive assessment of ecological risks of oceanic island destinations. The results showed that: (1) From 2010 to 2019, the areas of low-level and medium–low-level ERIs on Mount Putuo Island decreased, whereas the areas of medium-level and medium–high-level ERIs increased year by year, with growth rates of 6.038% and 8.99%, respectively. (2) The results of ecological risks of tourism development showed that the construction of risk tourist attractions, tourism service facilities, tourism accommodations, and commercial facilities is critical to promoting the gradual increase in medium-level and medium–high-level areas. (3) The analysis of comprehensive ecological risks revealed that from 2010 to 2019, the areas of low ecological risks regions decreased significantly, whereas the areas of medium and high ecological risks regions spread from south to north in a concentrated way mainly near the tourist attractions of Mount Putuo Island, with significant hierarchical characteristics and spatial effects. The research results can provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the management and monitoring of the ecological security of oceanic island destinations.

Type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide β (β-CTX) increases in osteoporosis. The study aimed to explore the relationship between serum β-CTX and the risk of osteoporosis as well as sarcopenia in Chinese elderly inpatients. Around 228 patients whose age >65 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Dual-energy X-ray scanning was used to access skeletal muscle and bone mass. Serum concentration of β-CTX as well as the prevalence of osteoporosis were significantly higher in low skeletal muscle index (SMI) group than that in the normal SMI group (P < 0.05). Serum β-CTX levels negatively correlated with SMI and bone mass (P < 0.05). Total muscle mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, SMI, total bone mass, and bone mass at various sites including the limbs, spine, and pelvis decreased significantly, and the prevalence of low SMI increased with the increase of the quartiles of β-CTX. Higher serum β-CTX had an increased risk of low SMI and osteoporosis (P < 0.05). Summarily, with increasing serum β-CTX levels, both muscle and bone mass decreased in Chinese elderly inpatients. Serum β-CTX was positively associated with the risk of not only osteoporosis but also skeletal muscle loss.

The aerodynamic noise test platform for a certain type of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imposes strict requirements on the drive motor, demanding high torque, small diameter, and low vibration. Compared to DC motors and induction motors, permanent magnet motors have advantages in terms of torque and volume, making them well-suited to meet the platform’s requirements. In response to the development needs of the test platform for the drive motor, this study systematically analyzes the key technologies that require special attention in the design process of the permanent magnet motor. Through proper electromagnetic design, structural design, cooling design, and vibration design, particularly by verifying the electromagnetic performance under rated load and weak magnetic conditions, a 180 kW permanent magnet motor was manufactured for experimental validation. The motor was successfully utilized for propeller aerodynamic noise testing. The experimental results demonstrate that the 180kW permanent magnet motor meets the technical requirements of the test platform, confirming the accuracy of the permanent magnet motor design methodology. It provides a valuable reference for the design of similar propeller drive motors and holds practical engineering significance.

Faced with increasingly complex industrial data, standard machine learning algorithms struggle to effectively extract both linear and nonlinear features. In this study, an improved residual network (ResNet) called Residual network with Independent Multi-Channel Weighting (RMCW) to tackle the nonlinear, temporally uncertain, and unevenly distributed fault. Firstly, a strategy for constructing the multi-channel vibration intrinsic mode function (IMF) images is designed to obtain the primary features by combing the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the gramian angular field (GAF). Secondly, a dynamic receptive field (DRF) with independent channel weighting is utilized to adaptively fuse the multi-channel features. This renders both initialization parameters for each individual channel and DRF parameters mutually independently adaptive to the fault features in the different batch. Thirdly, the RMCW model is built by inputting the fused features to the network of 9 residual building blocks. Two experimental cases verify that the propose method is effective for the machinery fault diagnosis and is superior to the comparing methods.

Objective: To access the level of knowledge, perceptions, and practice towards adverse events following immunization (AEFI) surveillance among vaccination workers in Zhejiang province, China. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey involving 768 vaccination workers. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by using SAS 9.3 software. Knowledge, perceptions, and practice on AEFI surveillance were summarized using frequency tables. The mean±SD value was used as the cut-off for defining good (values⩾mean) and poor (values

Asymmetric polymer gears are used in planetary gear transmission system to cater for the design requirements of compact and lightweight mechanical structure. In order to study the transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of the internal meshing teeth of the asymmetric polymer planetary gear transmission, a lubrication model of internal meshing gear transmission of asymmetric polymer planetary gear is established; numerical solution and simulation analysis is completed by the multi-grid method. The similarities and differences between the internal and external meshing geometric parameters of planetary gears are compared and analyzed. The influence of gear operating conditions and different materials of asymmetric polymer planetary gear on transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication is studied. Considering the influence of thermal effect, the temperature distribution of the highest temperature rise and three special instantaneous meshing points in the asymmetric polymer planetary gear was investigated. The lubrication properties of different gear materials under thermal and isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication are comparatively studied. The results show that due to the different transmission meshing methods, the geometric parameters of the internal meshing of planetary gears are different from those of external meshing gears. Speed and load have significant influence on the gear elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance. The bearing capacity and isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance of gears can be improved using asymmetric polymer gear. Polymer gear materials affect tooth strength and heat dissipation at high temperature and heavy load. Asymmetric polymer planetary gears are more suitable for low temperature and low speed environment.

The assessment of suitability is the cornerstone for the development of ecotourism in nature reserves. This paper adopts the Delphi method to invite 30 experts to score and screen a series of indicators and then calculates the weight of each indicator through the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for the suitability of ecotourism development. The AHP method includes four constraints layers (tourism resources, socio-economic environment, ecological conditions, and tourism market), in addition to eleven element layers and thirty-eight indicators. It establishes overarching criteria for evaluating ecotourism suitability. Our research focuses on Dinghushan, Xilin Gol Grassland, Hongze Lake Wetland, and Jiuzhai valley, and the results are as follows: (1) Ecotourism suitability evaluation level is divided into five levels, level I (0 ≤ S < 30) ecotourism development suitability is the lowest, meaning an area is extremely unsuitable for ecotourism development. Level V (90 ≤ S < 100) has a very high ecotourism value, meaning an area is highly suitable for ecotourism development. (2) Jiuzhai valley scored the highest ecotourism suitability evaluation score of 87.63, and Xilingol Grassland scored the lowest score of 81.27. However, the composite scores of all the nature reserves were above 80, placing them at Suitability Level IV, and thereby indicating a high suitability for ecotourism development. (3) Divergences in ecotourism suitability emerge among various nature reserve types, with grassland and meadow reserves exhibiting lower suitability levels. Addressing this, a robust management and monitoring system is imperative, alongside intensified efforts in ecological restoration, vegetation protection, community engagement, education, awareness, and increased policy support and tourism capital investment. (4) The results of the expert questionnaire showed that the maximum weight of the indicators affecting the evaluation of the suitability of ecotourism was the satisfaction of tourists (0.120), and the minimum weight was the accommodation facilities (0.002), which illustrated the important role of tourists in the ecotourism development carried out in the nature reserve. (5) Through empirical analysis of numerous cases, the study validates the practicality and effectiveness of the index system and provides scientific guidelines for the suitability of existing nature reserves for further ecotourism development. This contributes to the research theory on the suitability evaluation of ecotourism development and serves as a valuable reference for the future ecotourism development of diverse nature reserves.

Heavy-ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to explore nucleon-hyperon (N-Y) interactions through two-particle correlations. The p − Λ and d − Λ correlations shed light on both N-Y two-body and N-N-Y three-body interactions, which is crucial for understanding neutron star properties. We present the high precision measurement of p − Λ and the first measurement of d − Λ correlation with √SNN = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at STAR. Using the Lednicky-Lyuboshitz formalism, we characterized emission source size, the scattering length (f0), and the effective range (d0) of p − Λ and d − Λ interactions. Using the f0 and d0 extracted from two spin states in d − Λ correlation, the parameters from the doublet state indicate the hypertriton binding energy is consistent with the current average of world measurements.

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is expected to produce a substantial volume of data, lead to immense data I/O pressure during computing. Inefficient data I/O can significantly impact computing performance. To address this challenge, firstly, we have developed a data I/O framework for HEPS. This framework consists of three layers: data channel layer, distributed memory management layer, and I/O interface layer. It mask the underlying data differences in formats and sources, while implementing efficient I/O methods. Additionally, it supports both stream computing and batch computing. Secondly, we have designed a data processing pipeline scheme aimed at reducing I/O latency and optimizing I/O bandwidth utilization during the processing of high-throughput data. This involves breaking down the computing task into several stages, including data loading, data pre-processing, data processing, and data writing, which are executed asynchronously and in parallel. Finally, we introduce the design of stream data I/O process. The primary objective of stream data I/O is to enable real-time online processing of raw data, avoiding I/O bottlenecks caused by disk storage. This approach ensures the stability of data transmission and integrates distributed memory management to guarantee data integrity in memory.

In this work, we design and implement a user-friendly, AIempowered, auto-pipelining data analysis system for biological macromolecule crystallography. It consists of four modules, (1) data reduction that generates reference reflection files from X-ray diffraction images, (2) structure prediction via database-querying or AlphaFold/OpenFold real-time prediction, (3) molecular replacement and (4) module building and refinement. This data analysis system, currently at Work-In-Progress stage, is based on and developed for High Energy Photon Source initially, aiming at automatic, intelligent, and highefficiency software and will be open-source for academic research.

The computing power network as a new research fieldis in urgent need to improve intelligence and provide on-demand services.To solve the problems,an intelligent computing power network that combines cloud-edge-terminal computing resource,communication resource,and AI approaches together is proposed.At the same time,the system-level intelligence would be built from two aspects of endogenous intelligence and application intelligence.The endogenous intelligence refers to the abilities of self-perception,self-adaptation,self-decision and self-learning to make the computing power network ensure the accurate operation of the system.The application intelligence refers to the abilities in resource deployment,business arrangement and cognition,so that the computing power network could enhance the adaptability of the businesses.Further,a functional architecture is constructed,which would gradually build the endogenous intelligence and application intelligence in the layers of basic resource,resource mana-gement,business choreography,operation service and optimization.Finally,three important scenarios are selected from two domains,i.e.workshop logistics and quality control based on machine vision in the smart manufacturing,road and community monitoring in the intelligent security.Three groups of simulations are designed based on the scenarios,respectively.Experimental results show that while adopting the intelligent computing power network with endogenous intelligent and application intelligence,in the scenario of workshop logistics,the performance improvement is related with the scale of the scenarios,the planning time could be improved by approximately 2～50 times and the planning result could be improved by about 2～5 times.In the scenario of quality control based on machine vision,the deploymentcost of computing equipment would reduce to 1/5 of the original and the detection accuracy could improve by about 4.5%.In the scenario of road and community monitoring,the deployment cost of computing equipment could reduceto 1/10 of the original.

Cereals and cereal-based products are easily polluted by mycotoxins in all aspects of production, storage and transportation, and mycotoxins are difficult to prevent due to their variety, low concentration, strong toxicity andlarge difference in nature. This paper summarizes the new development of the pretreatment technologies （liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, QuEChERS, immunoaffinity chromatography） and detection technologies （immunochromatography technology, optical spectrum technology, liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry） of mycotoxins in cereals and products. The development trend of mycotoxin detection technologies was also prospected.

Objective: To improve the availability of cherry seed, cherry seed oil was extracted by the aqueous enzymatic method. Methods: the ratio of mixed enzymes was optimized by mixture design on the basis of single factor experiment. The basic indexes of oil such as fatty acid composition and physical and chemical properties were detected. Results: the optimum extraction conditions were a 2.0% addition of mixed enzyme comprising cellulase, pectinase and acid protease （0.67∶0.10∶0.23）, liquid to material ratio of 10∶1 (mL/g), enzymolysis temperature of 45 ℃, pH of 4.0 and time of 4.0 h. The recovery of oil was 93.18% and the actual extraction rate was 28.66%. The oil from aqueous enzymatic technology was rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid, with the color of oil light-colored and transparent. Acid value and peroxide value conformed to the hygiene standard for edible vegetable oil. Conclusion: The mixture design assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction of cherry seed oil is feasible.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Its pathogenesis has not been fully revealed. Moreover, the lack of effective and safe treatment strategies is an obstacle for UC treatment currently. Animal models are essential tools in disease research. Therefore, the establishment of animal models with pathological manifestations similar to human UC is conducive to the full study of this disease. In this review, we reviewed the research progress of animal models of UC, and found that chemical induction is the most commonly used method for modeling UC. Based on the development of genomics technology, gene editing or knockout-induced spontaneous colitis is a vital direction for animal models research in the future. In addition, the indexes for evaluating the modeling results of UC animal models need to be further explored.

We studied the effects of overexpression of deathdomainassociated protein (Daxx) on cell apoptosis under γ-ray radiation. Further, we explored the relationship between Daxx and radiation-induced apoptosis and investigated the mechanism behind such apoptosis. Through transfection, cervicalcancer HeLa cells were divided into a control group, an empty plasmid-transfected negative group, and a Daxx-transfected group; the HeLa cells were irradiated with different doses of γ-rays using a cell irradiator. The expression of Daxx protein in cells was detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT. The relative activity of caspase-8 in cells was detected by ELISA whereas the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that the total number of cells decreased with the increase in absorbed dose, whereas the number of deformed cells increased. Furthermore, the degree of Daxx expression increased with the increase in absorbed dose. Comparing the cells of the Daxx-transfected group with those of the unirradiated control group, we observed statistically significant increments (p

Objectives A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs) to assess their knowledge, attitude, and reporting behavior in adverse event following immunization (AEFI) surveillance as well as to identify barriers. Methods A simple random sample of 170 vaccination clinics was selected and one HCW was informed to participate in this survey in each selected vaccination clinic. The survey was developed using a secure online platform and consisted of a structured online questionnaire. The distributions of the respondents’ characteristics were presented. Training status, knowledge, attitude, and reporting behavior were compared between sub-groups of HCWs. Barriers and suggestions on AEFI reporting were also summarized. Results Of the 170 surveyed HCWs, 61.76% received the training on AEFI surveillance while 15.88% had no AEFI training at all. The higher level of knowledge and the more positive attitude and reporting behavior on AEFI surveillance were observed among HCWs with the longer working duration on AEFI surveillance, or among HCWs who received the training. The most critical barrier to reporting an AEFI was ‘not being sure if the AEFI is related to the vaccine’ (122, 71.76%). Other barriers were: ‘I do not want to raise unnecessary public alarm about a vaccine’ (105, 61.76%); ‘reporting form or other method being too complicated’ (65, 38.23%). Conclusion The study findings highlighted the need to prioritize training on AEFI surveillance for HCWs. It is recommended that the development of the targeted interventions to strengthen AEFI surveillance system be required based on the barriers found in this study.

BackgroundGait parameters are considered potential diagnostic markers of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to 1) assess the gait impairment in early-stage PD and its related factors in the single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) walking tests and 2) evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of gait parameters for early-stage PD under ST and DT conditions.MethodsA total of 97 early-stage PD patients and 41 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled at Hwa Mei hospital. Gait parameters were gathered and compared between the two groups in the ST and DT walking test, controlling for covariates. Utilizing the receiver operating characteristic curve, diagnostic parameters were investigated.ResultsIn the ST walking test, significantly altered gait patterns could be observed in early-stage PD patients in all domains of gait, except for asymmetry (P < 0.05). Compared to the ST walking test, the early-stage PD group performed poorly in the DT walking test in the pace, rhythm, variability and postural control domain (P < 0.05). Older, heavier subjects, as well as those with lower height, lower level of education and lower gait velocity, were found to have a poorer gait performance (P < 0.05). Stride length (AUC = 0.823, sensitivity, 68.0%; specificity, 85.4%; P < 0.001) and heel strike angle (AUC = 0.796, sensitivity, 71.1%; specificity, 80.5%; P < 0.001) could distinguish early-stage PD patients from HCs with moderate accuracy, independent of covariates. The diagnostic accuracy of gait parameters under ST conditions were statistically noninferior to those under DT conditions(P>0.05). Combining all gait parameters with diagnostic values under ST and DT walking test, the predictive power significantly increased with an AUC of 0.924 (sensitivity, 85.4%; specificity, 92.7%; P < 0.001).ConclusionGait patterns altered in patients with early-stage PD but the gait symmetry remained preserved. Stride length and heel strike angle were the two most prominent gait parameters of altered gait in early-stage of PD that could serve as diagnostic markers of early-stage PD. Our findings are helpful to understand the gait pattern of early-stage PD and its related factors and can be conducive to the development of new diagnostic tools for early-stage PD.

Focusing on Hangzhou, a famous tourist city in China, in this study, four regression models were constructed through four items of tourist loyalty to investigate the influence of tourist perceptions and characteristics on male and female tourist loyalty to shared bicycles. A questionnaire survey and ordered logistic regression model techniques were used. Survey data from 467 tourists indicated that there were significant differences between male and female tourists. For male tourists, their willingness to reuse shared bicycles (Models 1 and 2) was positively correlated with ease of access to cycles, environmental awareness, psychological benefit, and management provision; however, their willingness to recommend shared bicycles (Models 3 and 4) was only affected by environmental awareness, psychological benefit, and management provision. Among female tourists, willingness to reuse shared bicycles (Models 1 and 2) was affected by ease of access to cycles, environmental awareness, and rule adherence, while their willingness to recommend shared bicycles (Models 3 and 4) was affected by ease of access to cycles, environmental awareness, psychological benefit, and managerial provision. In addition, female tourists’ socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics had a significant impact on their loyalty, among which length of stay in Hangzhou and education were significant in the four regression models, and number of visits to Hangzhou had a positive impact on female tourists’ willingness to reuse (Models 1 and 2). In addition, female tourists who used Hellobike had higher willingness to reuse and recommend than those who used Mobike. For male tourists, only length of stay in Hangzhou had a significant impact on their reuse intention (Model 2). The current study extends the theory of attribution to explore the factors which may affect tourist’s loyalty to bicycle-sharing from the perspectives of tourists’ perceptions. It will provide further support to decision makers in the development of new shared-bicycle systems at Chinese tourist destinations, with the aim of strengthening tourist loyalty to shared-bicycle programs.

In order to improve the real time of the UAV aerial image registration,the paper analyzes the relative stability of UAV's altitude and the lack of high-frequency details in the image,proposes an improved SIFT feature point extraction algorithm and constructs a special aerial images dataset for image mosaic for experimental verification.The paper first analyzes the theoretical basis and implementation method of scale invariance of SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform),and puts forward eliminating redundant performance.The measures,such as reduction of Octave and Level of Gauss pyramid,and selecting the third Level image in each Octave to detect extreme points are taken to reduce the scale of differential scale space.Lastly,the comparable experiments based on dataset with state-of-art image mosaic methods are conducted.The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can extract robust feature points,and the matching time is only 1/10 of the original sift,which provides technical support for real-time image mosaic of UAV.

With the rapid development of packaging industry and the improvement of environmental protection requirements of human society, biodegradable functional packaging film materials have attracted great attention. However, commercial biodegradable functional package film materials have been constrained by its high cost, low mechanical properties and water resistance. The lignin microspheres were firstly prepared by self-assembling and were adhered to the surface of cellulose film via self-depositing, resulting in fabrication of novel cellulose-based UV-blocking film materials. Subsequently, the surface morphology, ultraviolet resistance and mechanical properties of the obtained functional film materials were studied. The surface properties of films were investigated by scanning microscopy (SEM),infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and confocal laser scanning microscopy.The mechanical properties and UV resistance of cellulose based films were characterized by tensile test and UV transmittance test.It is noteworthy that the lignin microspheres with 1-2 μm in size are uniformly distributed on cellulose films and hydrophobic modification of cellulose-based films facilitated the deposition of lignin. Moreover, the deposited contents of lignin microspheres increase with the increase of the lignin concentration in solution. Due to the introduction of lignin microspheres, the strength of cellulose composites film increases by 22% and the UVB-shielding capacity reaches 94% as compared with the controlled cellulose films.