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Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is an ideal alternative to oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for efficient hydrogen production but is immensely plagued by slow kinetics. Herein, a multilayer hole amorphous boron‐nickel catalyst (a‐NiBx) is fabricated through a simple chemical plating method, which displays intriguing catalytic activity toward UOR, demanding a low working potential of 1.4 V to reach 100 mA cm−2. The high performance is credited to the formation of metaborate (BO2−), which can promote the formation of high‐oxidation‐state NiOOH active phase and optimize the adsorption of urea molecules. This can be confirmed by the operando spectroscopy characteristics and density functional theory calculations. Consequently, the assembled electrolyzer utilizing NiBx as bifunctional catalysts exhibited splendid catalytic activity, requiring an evidently lower voltage of 1.66 V to reach a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and 1.57 V when using Pt/C as a cathode catalyst. Moreover, the assembled electrolyzer secured a robust stability of over 200 h, as well as a four times higher hydrogen production rate than traditional water electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] A long-term paddy - upland experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the recommended amount of potassium (K) fertilizer on crop yield, distribution of soil aggregate, and soil available K content. It was mainly to ascertain the distribution of K in the soil aggregate components in the paddy --upland rotation system, and then to provide theoretical basis for soil structure improvement, K pool management, and reasonable application of K fertilizer. [Method] There were 2 treatments selected, namely, NP (-K) treatment and NPK (+K) treatment in this study. Then the effects of K fertilizer application on the yield, available K content, and aggregate distribution in the middle rice-winter rape rotation system were analyzed. [Result] The results showed that the output of the crop rotation was affected by the year and fertilization. Compared with NP (--K), the average yield increases of rice and winter rape after application of K fertilizer were 0.51 and 0.33 t/hm2 , with the increments of 7.5% and 14.1% respectively. The long-term application of K fertilizer (7 a) had no significant effects on the distribution of soil aggregates but could significantly increase the water-soluble K content and available K content at depths of 20 -30 and 30 -40 cm, and available K content of aggregates in each particle size. In addition, the balance of available K at the 10 -20 and 30 - 40 cm of soil layers was the most significant through calculation of surplus-deficit value of available K in agglomerates of different soil layers. [Conclusion] Compared with the initial available K content in the farmland in 2011, the current K fertilizer application could lead to that farmland K content continues to decline. Therefore, we should pay attention to straw returned and supplement of organic K fertilizer, to maintain crop rotation system's productivity and soil K balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has been shown to be an effective strategy for combatting non-solid tumors; however, CAR-T therapy is still a challenge for solid tumors, such as glioblastoma. To improve CAR-T therapy for glioblastoma, a new TanCAR, comprising the tandem arrangement of IL13 (4MS) and EphA2 scFv, was generated and validated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro , the novel TanCAR-redirected T cells killed glioblastoma tumor cells by recognizing either IL-13 receptor α2 (IL13Rα2) or EphA2 alone or together upon simultaneous encounter of both targets, but did not kill normal cells bearing only the IL13Rα1/IL4Rα receptor. As further proof of principle, the novel TanCAR was tested in a subcutaneous glioma xenograft mouse model. The results indicated that the novel TanCAR-redirected T cells produced greater glioma tumor regression than single CAR-T cells. Thus, the novel TanCAR-redirected T cells kill gliomas more efficiently and selectively than a single IL13 CAR or EphA2 scFv CAR, with the potential for preventing antigen escape and reduced off-target cytotoxicity., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2022 The Author(s).)