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Endophytic actinomycetes exhibit considerable potential for the production of biologically active metabolites due to their coevolution with plant hosts. In this study, an endophytic Streptomyces chartreusis M7 was isolated from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Bioactivity-guided investigation of the metabolites produced by this strain led to the identification of thirteen anthracycline-derived polyketides, including five unreported anthraquinones designated streptoquinones A-E (1-5) and two undescribed angular polyketides named chartins A and B (6-7) along with six knowns. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations. Notably, chartins A (6) and B (7) feature angular tetracyclic and pentacyclic skeletons, respectively, which have undergone several oxidative rearrangements. Moreover, streptoquinone A (1) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against A549 cells, with an IC 50 value of 4.8 μM., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest I (Yi Shuang Wang) declare that we have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the manuscript titled “Discovery of new anthracycline-derived polyketides with antitumor activity from endophytic Streptomyces sp. M7” submitted to Phytochemistry. I certify that I have read and understand the Phytochemistry conflict of interest policy, and I also understand that failure to disclose a conflict of interest may result in the manuscript being rejected or retracted. I understand that this information will be subject to peer review, and I am willing to provide further information if required. I confirm that we have no known conflicts of interest that would influence the results or interpretation of the data presented in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of one-stage anterior debridement and bone graft fusion for the treatment of cervical pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 23 patients with cervical pyogenic spondylodiscitis treated with one-stage anterior approach debridement and bone graft fusion was performed in the Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2015 to January 2020. There were 14 males and 9 females,aged (51.9±12.8) years (range:26 to 82 years). Preoperatively, 14 patients had neurological deficits, classified according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale as follows: grade A in 1 case, grade B in 1 case, grade C in 5 cases, and grade D in 7 cases . All patients underwent the one-stage anterior debridement and fusion procedure. The surgical time, blood loss, hospital stay, fusion time, and surgical complications were documented. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the neck disability index (NDI), and the ASIA impairment scale. Preoperative and postoperative data were compared using paired sample t tests, repeated measures analysis of variance, and generalized estimating equations. Results: All the 23 patients underwent the operative procedures successfully. The operation time was (102.8±19.8) minutes (range:60 to 140 minutes), blood loss was (84.4±40.2) ml (range:30 to 160 ml), and the length of hospital stay was (17.4±6.0) days (range:10 to 30 days). Blood cultures were positive for the causative pathogen in 14 cases (60.8% positivity rate), while 9 cases had negative results. Irrigation fluid cultures yielded the causative pathogen in 19 cases (82.6% positivity rate), with 4 cases negative. All patients were followed up for more than 12 months, with a follow-up duration of (19.0±5.9) months (range:12 to 36 months). At the final follow-up, VAS improved from (5.9±1.1) points preoperatively to (0.8±0.3) points; NDI improved from (38.3±6.0)% preoperatively to (9.3±3.0)%, with statistically significant differences (both P <0.01). All patients experienced improvement in neurological function, with the exception of one patient in grade C and two in grade D, all other patients recovered to grade E. The C 2-7 Cobb angle and the affected segment Cobb angle were corrected. white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels returned to normal. All patients achieved bony fusion, with a fusion time of (8.9±1.9) months (range:6 to 12 months). Two diabetic patients developed postoperative incision infection; no other surgery-related complications occurred in the remaining patients. Conclusion: One-stage anterior debridement and bone graft fusion can correct kyphosis, restore normal alignment, and improve neurological function in the treatment of single and double segment cervical pyogenic spondylodiscitis, representing a viable treatment option for cervical pyogenic spondylodiscitis.

Aim: To identify mtDNA and OGG1 as potential biomarker candidates for mechanical asphyxia., Method: The human tissues are divided into experimental group (hanging and strangulation) and control groups (hemorrhagic shock, brain injury group, and poisoning group). Detected the expression of OGG1 and integrity of mtDNA in cardiac tissue of each group. We used over-OGG1 vector and siRNA-OGG1 transfecting H9C2 cell line to observe the function of OGG1 in hypoxic cells., Results: 1. mtDNA integrity decreased in the mechanical asphyxia group, OGG1 expression increased in mechanical asphyxia groups. They can be biomarkers for mechanical asphyxia. 2. OGG1 increased first and decreased in hypoxia-induced H9C2 cells. OGG1 upregulated the TFAM, NRF1, and Bcl2 in hypoxia-induced H9C2. OGG1 downregulated cleaved-Caspase3 in hypoxia-induced H9C2 cells. 3. In the normoxia condition, NAC maintained mtDNA integrity and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and amount of ATP., Conclusion: mtDNA integrity and OGG1 expression can be biomarkers for mechanical asphyxia. OGG1 can maintain mtDNA integrity and maintain the stability of the mitochondrial membrane., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Tibetan strawberry ( Fragaria nubicola ) is a wild medicinal and edible plant in Tibet possessing various health benefits such as neuroprotection and anti-oxidation. However, there has been little study reported on its chemical constituents. To investigate the inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in Tibetan strawberry, we immobilized the enzyme onto cellulose filter paper for the first time to develop a new screening method. Two known glycosides (compounds 1 and 2 ) and one new iridoid glucoside (Compound 3 ) were fished out by this method, which was found to effectively inhibit MAO-B with IC 50 values of 16.95 ± 0.93, 24.69 ± 0.20, and 46.77 ± 0.78 μM, respectively. Molecular docking and kinetic analysis were performed to reveal the inhibition mechanism of these compounds. Furthermore, compound 1 exhibited neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA-induced injury on PC12 cells. The developed method exhibits the advantages of rapidness and effectiveness in screening of MAO-B inhibitors from complex herbal extracts., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Conflict of Interest No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript. I would like to declare on behalf of my co-authors that the work described was original research that has not been published previously, nor under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part.

Kiwiberry ( Actinidia arguta ) is a perennial fruit tree belonging to the family Actinidiaceae. Kiwiberries are known to have an extremely high concentration of sugars, phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C, and possess delicious taste and health-promoting properties. Numerous studies have focused on kiwiberry fruits, demonstrating that they possess a higher phytochemical content and greater antioxidant activities than other berry fruits. The purpose of this study was to compare the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of leaf, stem, root, and fruit extracts from twelve kiwiberry cultivars grown in Wonju, Korea, characterized by a Dwa climate (Köppen climate classification). In most kiwiberry cultivars, the total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) phytochemical content was significantly higher in leaf and stem tissues, while the roots exhibited higher antioxidant activity. In fruit tissues, the TPC and TFC were higher in unripe and ripe kiwiberry fruits, respectively, and antioxidant activity was generally higher in unripe than ripe fruit across most of the cultivars. Based on our results, among the 12 kiwiberry cultivars, cv. Daebo and cv. Saehan have a significantly higher phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in all of the tissue types, thus having potential as a functional food and natural antioxidant.

Four new phloroglucinol derivatives ( 1  -  4 ) were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium fluviatile . Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 1 and 3 showed significant inhibitory activity against α -glucosidase with IC 50 values of 10.60 and 5.07  µ M, respectively. The structure-activity relationship was also discussed briefly.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare two novel techniques for chronic oroantral fistula (OAF) closure combined with maxillary sinus floor elevation., Materials and Methods: Ten patients who had implant installation needs but suffered from a chronic OAF were enrolled in the study from January 2016 to June 2021. The technique applied involved OAF closure and simultaneous sinus floor elevation by either a transalveolar or lateral window approach. Bone graft material evaluation results, postoperative clinical symptoms and complications were compared between the two groups. Student's t -test and χ 2 test were used to analyze the results., Results: In this study, 5 patients with a chronic OAF were treated with the transalveolar approach (group I), and 5 were treated with the lateral window approach (group II). The alveolar bone height was significantly higher in group II than in group I ( P ＜0.001). The pain at 1 day ( P =0.018) and 3 days ( P =0.029) postoperatively and facial swelling at 7 days ( P =0.016) postoperatively were obviously greater in group II than in group I. There were no severe complications in either group., Conclusions: The techniques combined OAF closure with sinus lifting to reduce surgical frequency and risks. The transalveolar approach resulted in milder postoperative reactions, but the lateral approach could provide more bone volume., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest, (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

This work reports the isolation of seven undescribed polyphenolic glycosides (1-7) together with fourteen known compounds (8-21) from the fruit of Lycium ruthenicum Murray. The structures of the undescribed compounds were identified based on comprehensive spectroscopic methods including IR, HRESIMS, NMR and ECD, and chemical hydrolysis. Compounds 1-3 possess an unusual four-membered ring, while 11-15 were firstly isolated from this fruit. Interestingly, compounds 1-3 inhibited monoamine oxidase B with IC 50 of 25.36 ± 0.44, 35.36 ± 0.54, and 25.12 ± 1.59 μM, respectively, and showed significant neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells injured by 6-OHDA. Moreover, compound 1 improved the lifespan, dopamine level, climbing behavior, and olfactory ability of the PINK1 B9 flies, a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. This work presents the first in vivo neuroprotective evidence of the small molecular compounds in L. ruthenicum Murray fruit, indicating its good potential as neuroprotectant., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-characterized bone toxic agent and can induce bone damage via inhibiting osteogenic differentiation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/SMAD signaling pathway can mediate osteogenic differentiation, but the association between Cd and BMP/SMAD signaling pathway is yet to be illuminated. To understand what elements of BMPs and SMADs are affected by Cd to influence osteogenic differentiation and if BMPs can be the biomarkers of which Cd-induced osteoporosis, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were treated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in vitro to detect the expression of BMPs and SMADs, and 134 subjects were enrolled to explore if the BMPs can be potential biomarkers of Cd-associated bone damage. Our results showed that Cd exposure significantly promoted the adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and inhibited its osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting the expression of BMP-2/4, SMAD4, and p-SMAD1/5/9 complex. And mediation analyses yielded that BMP-4 mediated 39.32% (95% confidence interval 7.47, 85.00) of the total association between the Cd and the risk of Cd-associated bone damage. Moreover, during differentiation, BMP-4 had the potential to enhance mineralization compared with CdCl2 only group. These results reveal that BMP-4 can be a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for Cd-associated bone damage., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology.)

Kobresia species are common in meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. They are important food resources for local livestock, and serve a critical foundation for ecosystem integration. Genetic resources of Kobresia species are scarce. Here, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly for K. myosuroides (Cyperaceae), using PacBio long-reads, Illumina short-reads, and Hi-C technology. The final assembly had a total size of 399.9 Mb with a contig N50 value of 11.9 Mb. The Hi-C result supported a 29 pseudomolecules model which was in consistent with cytological results. A total of 185.5 Mb (44.89% of the genome) transposable elements were detected, and 26,748 protein-coding genes were predicted. Comparative analysis revealed that Kobresia plants have experienced recent diversification events during the late Miocene to Pliocene. Karyotypes analysis indicated that the fission and fusion of chromosomes have been a major driver of speciation, which complied with the lack of whole-genome duplication (WGD) in K. myosuroides genome. Generally, this high-quality reference genome provides insights into the evolution of alpine sedges, and may be helpful to endemic forage improvement and alpine ecosystem preservation., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute.)

Fragaria nubicola , known as Tibetan strawberry, is an edible plant possessing various health-promoting effects. However, its functional compositions were rarely studied. In this work, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors in this plant were rapidly screened using the enzyme-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles coupled with UPLC-QTOF-MS. Two inhibitors, quercetin-3- O - β -d-glucuronide-6″-methyl ester ( 1 ) and kaempferol-3- O - β -d-glucuronide-6″-methyl ester ( 2 ), were identified from this plant with the IC 50 values of 19.44 ± 1.17 and 22.63 ± 1.78 μM, respectively. Enzyme kinetic analysis and molecular docking were carried out to investigate the mechanism of inhibition. Contents of both compounds as well as those of total phenolics and flavonoids were quantified to be 24.76 ± 1.26, 35.59 ± 1.17, 837.67 ± 10.62, and 593.46 ± 10.37 μg/g, respectively. In addition, both compounds exhibited significant neuroprotective effects on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced PC12 cells. This is the first report on the neuroprotective components of F. nubicola , suggesting its potential for developing neuroprotective functional food.

Introduction: As a famous traditional Chinese medicine, roots of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. have shown multiple effects against neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate the components against Parkinson's disease (PD), the roots of P. grandiflora were selected as the research subject., Objective: Screening and identifying of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors from the roots of P. grandiflorum via enzyme functionalised magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)-based ligand fishing combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis., Method: MAO-B functionalised MNPs have been synthesised for screening MAO-B inhibitors from the roots of P. grandiflorum. The ligands were identified by HPLC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and their anti-PD activity was evaluated via MAO-B inhibition assay and cell viability assay in vitro., Results: Two MAO-B inhibitors were fished out and identified by HPLC-MS as protocatechuic aldehyde (1) and coumarin (2), with the half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 28.54 ± 0.39 and 25.39 ± 0.29 μM, respectively. Among them, 1 could also significantly increase the viability of 6-hydroxydopamine-damaged PC12 cells., Conclusion: The results are helpful to elucidate the anti-PD activity of the plant, and the ligand fishing method has shown good potential in discovery of MAO-B inhibitors., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: To retrospectively analyze the short-term outcomes between open hepatectomy (OH) and laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) in the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective is to develop the optimal surgical method for patients with recurrent liver cancer after operation., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 165 HCC patients whose cancer recurred after hepatectomy between January 2015 and March 2021 at our medical center. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 74 patients were eventually enrolled in this study., Results: Tumors located in S1, S7, or S8 and larger tumor diameters were more frequent in the OH group, and the difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, there were notable differences between the LH and OH groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss (140.00 vs. 348.68 mL, P<0.001), mean operation time (150.95 vs. 203.28 min, P=0.024), and mean postoperative hospital stay (6.76 vs. 11.28 days, P=0.014). There were no statistically significant differences in the remaining characteristics between the two groups. There was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival and overall survival between the two groups., Conclusions: Compared with OH, LH can significantly reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss and shorten the operation time and postoperative hospital stay. At the same time, laparoscopic surgery may be a better surgical approach for patients with tumors of smaller diameter located in segments 2 to 6., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tcr-22-2576/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2022 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

As a cutting-edge technology of tissue engineering, three-dimensional bioprinting can accurately fabricate biomimetic tissue, which has made great progress in the field of hard tissue printing such as bones and teeth. Meanwhile, the research on soft tissue bioprinting is also developing rapidly. This article mainly discussed the development progress in various bioprinting technologies and supporting equipment including printing software, printing hardware, supporting consumables, and bioreactors for soft tissue three-dimensional bioprinting, and made a prospect for the future research and development direction of soft tissue three-dimensional bioprinting.

Collagen is a macromolecular protein constituting the extracellular matrix of animal connective tissue, which has been widely used and developed in fields of biomedicine, tissue engineering, food, and cosmetics. Due to its advantages such as abundant sources and good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and degradability, collagen can be used as a dressing or tissue engineering scaffold for wound repair. According to the source of materials, collagen can be divided into natural collagen and recombinant collagen. Natural collagen is mainly extracted directly from mammals and fish; recombinant collagen is obtained based on genetic engineering technology, and its sources include recombinant expression systems of microorganisms, animals, and plants. This paper summarizes the sources of collagen, and the roles, advantages, and disadvantages of different sources of collagen in wound repair, the particularity and superiority of collagen combined with three-dimensional printing technology in wound repair, the impact of market norms of China's collagen industry on the field of wound repair, and explains the precautions for the development of collagen-related products, aiming to provide new ideas for selecting a suitable source of collagen for wound repair.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of in-situ full size split liver transplantation(fSLT) for adult recipients using the living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) technique and to compare the characteristics of the left hemiliver graft (LHG) and the right hemiliver graft(RHG)transplantation. Methods: Deceased donor and recipient data of 25 consecutive cases of fSLT at Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from March to December 2021 was retrieved and the patients divided into two groups:LHG group and RHG group. Among the 13 donors,11 were male and 2 were female,aged ( M (IQR))38(19) years(range: 25 to 56 years),with height of 168(5) cm(range:160 to 175 cm) and weight of 65(9) kg(range: 50 to 75 kg). The median age of the 25 recipients was 52(14) years(range:35 to 71 years),17 were male and 8 were female,15 had primary liver cancer and 10 had benign end-stage liver disease,model for end-stage liver disease score was 10(9) points(range:7 to 23 points). Of the 25 recipients,10 recipients had previously undergone hepatobiliary surgery. The follow-up period was to January 2022. Demographic,clinicopathological,surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Continuous quantitative data were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Classification data were expressed as frequencies,and were compared between groups using χ 2 test or Fisher exact probability method. Results: Using LDLT technique,in-situ full-left/full-right liver splitting was performed and 13 viable pairs of hemiliver grafts were harvested with acquisition time of 230(53) minutes(range:125 to 352 minutes) and blood loss of 250(100) ml(range:150 to 1 000 ml). A total of 25 hemiliver grafts(13 LHG and 12 RHG) were allocated to patients listed for liver transplantation in our center by China Organ Transplant Response System. In the LHG group(13 cases),there were more females and more patients with benign end-stage liver disease than in the RHG group(12 cases)( P <0.05). The body weight and graft weight of recipients in the LHG group were lower than that in RHG group(both P <0.05). There were no significant differences in other baseline data between the two groups(all P> 0.05). The graft to recipient weight ratio(GRWR) was 1.2(0.4)%(range:0.7% to 1.9%) for 25 recipients,1.1(0.5)%(range:0.7% to 1.6%)for the LHG group and 1.3(0.5)%(range:0.9% to 1.9%)for the RHG group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05). Sharing patterns of hepatic vessels and the common bile duct are as follows:all the trunk of middle hepatic vein were allocated to the LHG group. The proportion of celiac trunk,main portal vein and common bile duct assigned to LHG and RHG was 10∶3 ( P =0.009), 9∶4 ( P >0.05) and 4∶9 ( P =0.027),respectively. The vena cava of 12 donors in early stage retained in LHG and that of last one was shared between LHG and RHG ( P< 0.01). The median cold ischemia time of 25 hemiliver grafts was 240(90) minutes(range:138 to 420 minutes). For the total of 25 fSLT,the median anhepatic phase was 50(16) minutes(range:31 to 98 minutes) and the operation time was 474(138)minutes(range:294 to 680 minutes) with blood loss of 800(640) ml(range:200 to 5 000 ml). There were no significant differences in all of operation data between two groups. In the LHG group,3 patients with GRWR≤0.8% had postoperative small-for-size syndrome which improved after treatment. Postoperative Clavien-Dindo grade≥Ⅲ complications were observed in 6 cases(24.0%),4 cases(4/13) in the LHG group and 2 cases(2/12) in the RHG group,respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. Among them,5 cases improved after re-operation and intervention,1 case in LHG group died of secondary infection 2 weeks after operation,and the mortality was 4.0%. Analysis of serious postoperative complications and death has suggested that conventional caval interposition should not be used for LHG transplantation. Conclusion: Relying on accurate donor-recipient evaluation and the apply of LDLT technique,the morbidity and mortality of in-situ fSLT in adults is acceptable.

The fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murr have long been consumed as health food and used in folk medicine in China. Apart from the well-known polysaccharides, the active small molecular constituents in this fruit have not been fully studied. In this work, a systematic phytochemical study was carried out to investigate the small molecules and their potential health benefits. Nine new polyphenolic glycosides, lyciumserin A-I ( 1 - 9 ), together with 16 known compounds ( 10 - 25 ), were isolated and elucidated by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and comprehensive NMR analyses in combination with chemical hydrolysis. Compounds 1 , 2 , and 16 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), while compounds 1 (50 μM) and 2 (100 μM) displayed significant neuroprotective effects (69.22 and 72.38% of cell viability, respectively) in the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced injury of the PC12 cell model (54.41%), comparable to the positive drug rasagiline (70.45%). The neuroprotective effect of 1 and 2 was further evidenced by the observation of the morphological change and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining. In addition, the levels of the major active compounds ( 1 , 3 , 5 / 6 , and 16-18 ) vary from 21.5 to 892.3 μg/g. This is the first report on phenolic glycosides from the fruits of L. ruthenicum Murr that possess both significant MAO-B inhibitory and neuroprotective effects, indicating the promising potential of the fruits for the development of health care products and even therapeutic agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.

A novel strategy of performing ligand fishing with enzyme-modified open tubular microchannel was proposed for screening bioactive components present in medicinal plants. Monoamine oxidase B was immobilized onto the surface of the microchannel for the first time to specifically extract its ligands when the plant's extracts solution flows through the channel. The thermal and the storage stability of immobilized monoamine oxidase B were significantly enhanced after immobilization. Crocin I and Ⅱ were extracted from Crocus sativus, and tiliroside was extracted from Edgeworthia gardneri. All the three compounds were inhibitors of the enzyme with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 26.70 ± 0.91, 19.88 ± 2.78, and 15.65 ± 0.85 μM, respectively. The enzyme inhibition kinetics and molecular docking were investigated. This is the first report on the inhibitory effects of tiliroside and crocin Ⅱ. The novel ligand fishing method proposed in this work possesses advantages of rapidness, high efficiency, and tiny sample consumption compared to routine ligand fishing, with promising potential for screening active natural products in complex mixtures., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

In order to optimize patient selection for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopic discopexy to achieve favorable outcomes, prognostic indicators impacting the results are important to analyze. This longitudinal retrospective study aimed to analyze various prognostic factors impacting surgical outcomes following arthroscopic discopexy for management of TMJ closed lock using success criteria based on pain, maximal interincisal opening, diet, and quality of life. Furthermore, a quantitative MRI assessment was performed pre- and post-operatively. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate various prognostic variables including gender, age, side, duration of illness, Wilkes staging, parafunctional habits, splint therapy and orthodontic treatment. A total of 147 patients (201 joints) were included. The outcome was categorized as excellent (n = 154/76.61%), good (n = 34/16.91%), or poor (n = 13/6.46%) with a success rate of 93.54%. Patients aged > 30 years old (p = 0.048), longer duration of illness (12-24 months: p = 0.034) and (> 24 months: p = 0.022), and patients with Wilkes stage IV (p = 0.002) were all significantly more likely to be in the poor outcome group. Finally, orthodontic treatment showed a significant association with excellent outcomes (p = 0.015). Age, duration of illness, Wilkes staging, and orthodontic treatment are considered significant prognostic factors that can predict the outcomes following the arthroscopic discopexy for management of TMJ closed lock., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Nine resorcinol derivatives including two new ones, 5-[(8 Z ,11 Z ,14 Z )-nonadeca-8,11,14-trienyl] resorcinol ( 1 ) and 5-[(8 Z ,11 Z ,14 E )-heptadeca-8,11,14-trienyl] resorcinol ( 2 ), were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium samarangense . The new structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic techniques including interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Among them, compounds 3 , 4 , 6 and 7 exhibited significant α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 of 3.16, 3.16, 2.34 and 0.99  µ M, respectively. This finding provides evidence that resorcinol derivatives with long aliphatic chain function as new promising antidiabetic alternatives.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopic and open disc repositioning procedures in the management of anterior disc displacement (ADD). All consecutive patients treated with arthroscopic (group I) or open (group II) disc repositioning between April 2014 and August 2018 were included prospectively. The patients were assessed clinically (1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postoperative) and with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.22.0; P < 0.05 was considered significant. A total of 177 patients (227 joints) were included: 104 patients (130 joints) in group I and 73 patients (97 joints) in group II. There were statistically significant improvements in pain score, clicking, quality of life, diet, and maximum inter-incisal opening when comparing pre- and postoperative clinical parameters within the two groups (P < 0.05 at all time-points for all clinical parameters); however, improvements occurred earlier in group I (at 1 month) than in group II (6 months). Postoperative MRI revealed an overall success rate of 98.1% in group I and 97.3% in group II. New bone formation was found in 70.2% in group I and 30.1% in group II. Arthroscopy may be a better choice for ADD patients, with the advantages of faster clinical improvement and recovery, minimal invasiveness, and better condylar remodelling., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

α-Glucosidase was immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for selective solid-phase extraction of the enzyme's ligands present in Aloe vera , which is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases and possesses anti-diabetic activity. One new compound, aloeacone ( 2 ), together with two known compounds, aloenin aglycone ( 1 ) and aloin A ( 3 ), were fished out as the enzyme's ligands. The structure of 2 was determined by HR-MS and comprehensive NMR techniques. Compound 3 exhibited a weak inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, while compounds 1 and 2 were found to possess activation effects on the enzyme for the first time. It is interesting that both an inhibitor and agonists of α-glucosidase were fished out in one experiment.

Objective: To investigate the role of autophagy mediated by mTOR signaling pathway in the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) induced by cadmium. Methods: HBMSCs were divided into 0, 2.5 or 5.0 μmol/L groups according to the exposure dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ), and each group was treated for 1 day, 4 days and (or) 7 days. The ALP activity and mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenesis markers (ALP, RUNX2 and OSTERIX), autophagy-related proteins (LC3 and Beclin-1) and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K) expression, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were detected. MHY 1485 was selected as the signaling pathway activator. The control group, CdCl 2 group (5.0 μmol/L), MHY 1485 group and CdCl 2 +MHY 1485 combined treatment group were set. After 7 days of treatment, the expression levels of autophagy related proteins and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins of hBMSCs in each group were detected. Results: There was no significant difference in ALP activity between 0, 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L groups on day 1 and 4 ( P >0.05); On day 7, compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the ALP activity, expression of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, OSTERIX) and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K) expression decreased in the 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L group ( P <0.05). Compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the staining of the 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L groups became lighter, and the formation of ALP and mineralized nodules was reduced. Compared with the CdCl 2 group, the autophagy related protein expression in the CdCl 2 +MHY 1485 combined treatment group decreased, and the mTOR signaling pathway related protein expression increased. The difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by cadmium may be related to autophagy mediated by mTOR signaling pathway.

Plant functional composition, defined by both community-weighted mean (CWM) traits and functional diversity, can provide insights into plant ecological strategies and community assembly. However, our understanding of plant functional composition during succession is largely based on aboveground traits. Here we investigated community-level traits and functional diversity for six pairs of analogous leaf and fine root traits of understory plants in a temperate forest swamp during succession with a decrease in soil pH and nutrient availability. CWMs of traits related to resource acquisition (including specific leaf area, specific root length, leaf N, leaf P, root N, and root P) decreased with succession, whereas those related to resource conservation (leaf dry matter content, root dry matter content, leaf tissue density, leaf C, and root C) increased along the forest swamp successional gradient. Multi-trait functional dispersion (FDis) of both leaf and fine root traits tended to decrease along the successional gradient, but functional richness and evenness were highest at the middle successional stage. Moreover, FDis of individual plant traits except N showed the same pattern as multi-trait FDis. Soil pH and nutrient availability were the main drivers of successional changes in both CWM traits and FDis. The changes of community-level traits along succession indicated a shift from acquisitive to conservative strategy of understory plants during forest swamp succession. Similar trends in leaf and fine root functional diversity along succession may indicate above- and belowground functional diversity are coordinated during the processes of plant community assembly. These findings of linkages between above- and belowground plant functional composition have important implications for plant community dynamics and assembly rules., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Hu, Pan, Liu, Fu and Zhang.)

Dopamine (DA) is a critical biomarker for a variety of neurological diseases. Methods for simple and rapid DA detection are crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatments for those diseases. In this work, we developed a novel pretreatment-free method for dopamine detection using carbon dots as a turn-on fluorescent probe synthesized in situ. The aminosilane-functionalized carbon dots (SiCDs) were produced in a mild condensation reaction between N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (AEATMS) and dopamine, which were directly used for probing of dopamine. The prepared SiCDs exhibited green fluorescence with excitation/emission maximum at 380/495 nm, the intensity of which can be measured to quantify the DA present in the reaction mixture. The linear range of the assay was between 0.1 and 100 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 56.2 nM. The probe is of good selectivity and the recoveries of the developed method were in the range of 101.77-119.91% with RSDs within 3.67% in human serum sample tests. The SiCDs were also synthesized within MN9D cells under 37 °C and generated bright fluorescence, which can probe the DA's distribution in the cells. The described method exhibit potential in DA detection and live-cell imaging for its feature of facility, inexpensiveness, and sensitivity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Patterns of plant trait variation across spatial scales are important for understanding ecosystem functioning and services. However, habitat-related drivers of these patterns are poorly understood. In a conceptual model, we ask whether and how the patterns of within- and among-site plant trait variation are driven by habitat type (terrestrial vs. wetland) across large climatic gradients. We tested these through spatial-hierarchical-sampling of leaves in herbaceous-dominated terrestrial and wetland communities within each of 26 sites across China. For all 13 plant traits, within-site variation was larger than among-site variation in both terrestrial and wetland habitats. Within-site variation was similar in most leaf traits related to carbon and nutrient economics but larger in specific leaf area and size-related traits (plant height, leaf area and thickness) in wetland compared to terrestrial habitats. Among-site variation was larger in terrestrial than wetland habitats for 10 leaf traits but smaller for plant height, leaf area and leaf nitrogen. Our results indicate the important role of local ecological processes in driving plant trait variation among coexisting species and the dependence of functional variation across habitats on traits considered. These findings will help to understand and predict the effects of climatic or land-use changes on ecosystem functioning and services.

Investigating ecological stoichiometry of leaves and fine roots of forest swamps in the Greater Hinggan Mountains will improve our understanding of plant nutrient use and material cycling in ecosystems at high latitudes with high sensitivity to climate change. In this study, we collected leaf and fine root samples from 19 dominant and subordinate vascular plant species and measured their C, N and P concentrations in three typical forest swamps ( Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii , L. gmelinii-Vaccinium uliginosum- moss and L. gmelinii-Ledum palustre-Sphagnum ) of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, China. We compared C:N:P stoichiometry in leaves and fine roots among different forest swamp types, plant growth forms, and mycorrhizal types. Standardized major axis regression was performed to examine the relationships between leaf and fine root stoichiometry. The results showed that interspecific variation accounted for the largest proportion of total variation in C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves (42.5%-84.6%). N:P had the highest, C:N had the intermediate, and C:P had the lowest interspecific variation in both leaves and fine roots. L. gmelinii-C. schmidtii forest swamps, which had higher soil nutrient and water availability, had lower C:N and C:P in leaves and fine roots. N:P of all three forest swamps were lower than 10, indicating N limitation in this ecosystem. Herbaceous plants had significantly lower leaf C:P, fine root C:N, and fine root C:P than woody species. Both ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal plants had higher leaf and fine root C:N and C:P than arbuscular mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species, while the C:P of ericoid mycorrhizal plants was significantly higher than that of ectomycorrhizal species. Forest swamp type, plant growth form, and mycorrhizal type all had greater influences on leaf and fine root C:N and C:P rather than N:P. Leaf and fine root C:N, C:P, and N:P were positively correlated, indicating strong coordination between plant above- and below-ground C:N:P stoichiometry.

Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has been used for gaining insights into perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the importance of selecting ion beam parameters to eliminate artifacts in the resulting depth profile is often overlooked. In this work, significant artifacts were identified with commonly applied sputter sources, i.e., an O 2 + beam and an Ar-gas cluster ion beam (Ar-GCIB), which could lead to misinterpretation of the PSC structure. On the other hand, polyatomic C 60 + and Ar + ion beams were found to be able to produce depth profiles that properly reflect the distribution of the components. On the basis of this validated method, differences in component distribution, depending on the fabrication processes, were identified and discussed. The solvent-engineering process yielded a homogeneous film with higher device performance, but sequential deposition led to a perovskite layer sandwiched by methylammonium-deficient layers that impeded the performance. For device degradation, it was found that most components remained intact at their original position except for iodide. This result unambiguously indicated that iodide diffusion was one of the key factors governing the device lifetime. With the validated parameters provided, ToF-SIMS was demonstrated as a powerful tool to unveil the structure variation amid device performance and during degradation, which are crucial for the future development of PSCs.

Tin-based perovskite, which exhibits narrower bandgap and comparable photophysical properties to its lead analogs, is one of the most forward-looking lead-free semiconductor materials. However, the poor oxidative stability of tin perovskite hinders the development toward practical application. In this work, the effect of pseudohalide anions on the stability and emission properties of single-layer 2D tin perovskite nanoplates with chemical formula TEA 2 SnI 4 (TEA = 2-thiophene-ethylammonium) is reported. The results reveal that ammonium thiocyanate (NH 4 SCN) is the most effective additive in enhancing the stability and photoluminescence quantum yield of 2D TEA 2 SnI 4 (23 ± 3%). X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigations on the thiocyanate passivated TEA 2 SnI 4 nanoplate show less than a 1% increase of Sn 4+ signal upon 30 min exposure to air under ambient conditions (298 K, humidity ≈70%). Furthermore, no noticeable decrease in emission intensity of the nanoplate is observed after 20 h in air. The SCN - passivation during the growth stage of TEA 2 SnI 4 is proposed to play a crucial role in preventing the oxidation of Sn 2+ and hence boosts both stability and photoluminescence yield of tin perovskite nanoplates., (© 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Objective: To explore prognostic factors by comparing the efficacy of salvage liver transplantation (sLT) and rehepatectomy (RH) for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy., Methods: Clinical data were collected for 124 patients treated at our center from January 2012 to August 2018. The median follow-up time for the patients was 39 months. By analyzing the clinical data between the sLT group (46 cases) and RH group (78 cases), the factors affecting the prognosis of patients were compared., Results: The proportion of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥ 100 µg/L in the recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the recurrence-free group (70.0% vs 22.2%, P = .014). The postoperative overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were better in the sLT group than in the RH group (81.2% vs 36.9%, P < .01; 77.1% vs 55.6%, P = .019). In the sLT group, the OS and RFS in the AFP < 100 µg/L group were superior to those in the AFP ≥ 100 µg/L group (P = .046 and P = .002)., Conclusion: The sLT group had achieved better efficacy than RH group, but when AFP ≥ 100 µg/L, sLT did not achieve better efficacy than RH., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Abstract: Mitochondria are the special organelle in eukaryotic cells. Their main functions are to synthesize energy required for cell activity by oxidative phosphorylation. Most of the oxygen absorbed by the body is consumed in the mitochondria. The precise diagnosis of mechanical asphyxia is one of the difficulties in forensic pathology practice. Forensic pathologists have been trying to find a reliable and sensitive marker for the diagnosis of mechanical asphyxia. Mitochondria are very sensitive to hypoxic environments, and the markers of mitochondrion damage can be used as a basis for the diagnosis of mechanical asphyxia. The purpose of this paper is to review the research progress on mitochondrial damage in hypoxic environments and to explore the possibility of using markers of mitochondrion damage in forensic pathological practice., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)

Chronic wounds are characterized by complex pathogenesis, long course of disease, and occur mostly in middle-aged and elderly people. As the population ages, chronic wounds have gradually become significant burden on the affected patients and the healthcare system. In the past decade, cold atmosphere plasma (CAP) was found to have the effects of resisting infection and promoting wound healing. By reviewing recent researches on the treatment of chronic wounds and biological effects of CAP at home and abroad, this article summarizes the research progress of CAP in the treatment of chronic wounds, aiming at providing a reference for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Objective: Ovarian cancer is a highly invasive type of cancer. A previous study demonstrated that E-cadherin expression was upregulated in a human ovarian cancer cell line with a high expression of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), which is a tumor suppressor. Also, the migration and invasion ability of these cells was reduced. Snail family members are involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells, and the expression of Snail family members is regulated by the transcription factor Elf5. The aim of the present research was to elucidate the role of WWOX in EMT of ovarian carcinoma cells through the Elf5/Snail pathway by gain and loss of function approaches in in vitro experiments., Materials and Methods: First, a WWOX gene expressing plasmid was transfected into CD133+CD117+ HO8910 ovarian carcinoma cells, and an Elf5 shRNA plasmid was transfected into these cells to assess the changes in EMT-related factors, including Snail1, and the invasive ability of tumor cells ability. Second, the human ovarian carcinoma cell lines HO8910 and SKOV3 were divided into six groups to detect the same indicators., Results: The results demonstrated that the high expression of WWOX resulted in an increased E-cadherin expression, decreased Snail1 activity, and decreased invasion ability in CD133+CD117+ HO8910 cells. Elf5 shRNA transfection did not affect the WWOX expression; however, it decreased the expression of E-cadherin and Elf5 activity, while increasing Snail1 activity and invasion ability in CD133+CD117+ HO8910 cells. It was also observed that WWOX overexpression in HO8910 and SKOV3 cells inhibited the expression of EMT-related proteins and inhibited cell migration and invasion., Conclusions: Taken together, the results of the present report suggest that WWOX can decrease Snail1 activity by enhancing the activity of Elf5, thus upregulating E-cadherin expression and eventually inhibiting EMT of ovarian carcinoma.

Background: Varicella is normally a self-limited childhood disease caused by varicella-zoster virus infection. However, it sometimes causes severe diseases, especially in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of severe varicella in a young woman., Case Presentation: A 19-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and a rash after taking methylprednisolone for 2 weeks for systemic lupus erythematosis. The laboratory data showed leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, an elevated level of the liver transaminases and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed multiple air-fluid levels in the intestines. Hemorrhagic varicella was considered and antiviral therapy as well as immunoglobin were applied. Her condition deteriorated and she eventually died due to multi-organ failure and refractory shock. Next-generation sequencing performed on fluid from an unroofed vesicle confirmed the diagnosis of varicella., Conclusion: In its severe form, VZV infection can be fatal, especially in immunocompromised patients. Hemorrhagic varicella can be misdiagnosed by clinicians because of unfamiliar with the disease, although it is associated with a high mortality rate. In patients with suspected hemorrhagic varicella infection, antiviral therapies along with supportive treatment need to be initiated as soon as possible in order to minimize the case fatality rate.

Objective: To investigate the etiologic and epidemiologic features of an infectious diarrhea outbreak in a boarding school in Fuyang city, Anhui province. Methods: Traceability hypothesis of this study was tested according to the epidemiological characteristics of the cases. Feces, anal swabs, water samples and food residues related to the patients and chefs were collected for pathogen isolation and detection. Biochemical identification, virulence gene detection, drug susceptibility test, PFGE and multilocus sequence typing were performed. Results: The incidence rate (3.41%) of different dormitory buildings within the water supply area by shallow wells was higher than that (0.98%) of the deep wells, with statistical significance ( χ (2)=17.215, P <0.001). Sixteen strains belonged to the Shigella Sonneri family were isolated from the patient's samples, and all carrying the ipaH gene. Seven strains belonged to sen and ial genes. Set1 gene that did not appear in all the 16 strains were highly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, compound xinnomine, cefazoline, cefotaxime, gentamicin, naphthidinic acid and streptomycin, including 9 strains to doxycycline. The pulse field pattern of the 16 strains of Shigella sonneri appeared the same, with the ST type as ST152. Conclusion: When combined data from the etiological and epidemiological investigation, it was confirmed that Shigella sonneri was the pathogen of this outbreak, and water from the shallow wells might be responsible for the source of infection.

Allochthonous (e.g., riparian) plant litter is among the organic matter resources that are important for wetland ecosystems. A compact canopy of free-floating vegetation on the water surface may allow for riparian litter to remain on it for a period of time before sinking to the bottom. Thus, we hypothesized that canopy of free-floating vegetation may slow decomposition processes in wetlands. To test the hypothesis that the retention of riparian leaf litter on the free-floating vegetation in wetlands affects their subsequent decomposition on the bottom of wetlands, a 50-day in situ decomposition experiment was performed in a wetland pond in subtropical China, in which litter bags of single species with fine (0.5 mm) or coarse (2.0 mm) mesh sizes were placed on free-floating vegetation (dominated by Eichhornia crassipes , Lemna minor , and Salvinia molesta ) for 25 days and then moved to the pond bottom for another 25 days or remained on the pond bottom for 50 days. The leaf litter was collected from three riparian species, that is, Cinnamomum camphora , Diospyros kaki , and Phyllostachys propinqua . The retention of riparian leaf litter on free-floating vegetation had significant negative effect on the carbon loss, marginal negative effects on the mass loss, and no effect on the nitrogen loss from leaf litter, partially supporting the hypothesis. Similarly, the mass and carbon losses from leaf litter decomposing on the pond bottom for the first 25 days of the experiment were greater than those from the litter decomposing on free-floating vegetation. Our results highlight that in wetlands, free-floating vegetation could play a vital role in litter decomposition, which is linked to the regulation of nutrient cycling in ecosystems., Competing Interests: None declared.

Examining the coordination of leaf and fine root traits not only aids a better understanding of plant ecological strategies from a whole-plant perspective, but also helps improve the prediction of belowground properties from aboveground traits. The relationships between leaf and fine root traits have been extensively explored at global and regional scales, but remain unclear at local scales. Here, we measured six pairs of analogous leaf and fine root traits related to resource economy and organ size for coexisting dominant and subordinate vascular plants at three successional stages of temperate forest swamps in Lingfeng National Nature Reserve in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, NE China. Leaf and fine root traits related to resource acquisition (e.g., specific leaf area [SLA], leaf N, leaf P, root water content, and root P) decreased with succession. Overall, we found strong linear relationships between leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and root water content, and between leaf and root C, N, and P concentrations, but only weak correlations were observed between leaf area and root diameter, and between SLA and specific root length (SRL). The strong relationships between LDMC and root water content and between leaf and root C, N, and P held at the early and late stages, but disappeared at the middle stage. Besides, C and P of leaves were significantly correlated with those of roots for woody plants, while strong linkages existed between LDMC and root water content and between leaf N and root N for herbaceous species. These results provided evidence for the existence of strong coordination between leaf and root traits at the local scale. Meanwhile, the leaf-root trait relationships could be modulated by successional stage and growth form, indicating the complexity of coordination of aboveground and belowground traits at the local scale., Competing Interests: None declared.

Five new phloroglucinol derivatives (1-5) together with one known analogue (6) were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium austroyunnanense which is an edible folk medicine used for the treatment of diabetes. The new structures were elucidated as austroyunones A - E (1-5) by means of the extensive spectroscopic analyses including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Compounds 4-6 showed obvious protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity. This discovery of new phloroglucinols and their bioactivities provided a scientific basis for the application of S. austroyunnanense as an edible and medicinal plant., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Primary pulmonary amoeba is very rare and here we report a case of a 68-year-old man presenting with primary pulmonary amoeba after undergoing chemotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma., Case Presentation: In October 2016, the man aged 68 was admitted to our hospital because of repeated cough for 8 months and hemoptysis for 1 month. He was diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma and underwent surgery in 2012 without receiving chemotherapy. In March 2016, the patients suffered recurrence of cancer and was treated with chemotherapy. After 2 months of chemotherapy, the patient had consistent cough with white sputum, and chest CT showed a local lung nodule. The physicians suspected that the patient had pulmonary infectious diseases, and he was treated with empirical antibacterial treatment. However, his symptom wasn't relieved and later the percutaneous lung biopsy found trophozites of Entamoeba histolytica. After administration of metronidazole, the symptoms of the patient were markedly relieved and the lesions were absorbed., Conclusions: In such cases where patients with pulmonary nodules were in immunodeficiency state and had adequate but ineffective anti-bacterial treatment, Entamoeba histolytica infection could be one of the rare causes. Percutaneous lung biopsy should be recommended and specific dying for parasites should be done when necessary.

Background: Current treatment options for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are pegylated interferon alpha and nucleoside analogues (NAs). NAs have relatively fewer side effects than interferon alpha, and generally well tolerated. Previously 12.9% of patients on telbivudine treatment were reported to develop severe elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, but related clinical disease, like lactic acidosis (LA) and rhabdomyolysis (RM) were rare. The pathophysiology may be mitochondrial toxicity, for the NAs inhibit not only hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase, but also the host mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ. As mitochondria are the main sites of oxidative phosphorylation, there will be an increase of pyruvate reduction to lactic acid and insufficient adenosine triphosphate. The accumulation of lactic acid causes LA, while lack of energy leads to cell dysfunction and mitochondria-associated disease, including RM. All five NAs, except tenofovir, have been reported causing LA and RM. Here we report the first case of CHB patients developing fatal LA and RM during telbivudine and tenofovir treatment., Case Presentation: The patient is a 51-year-old man who was hospitalized in November 2015. He had taken telbivudine regularly because of CHB. Later, tenofovir was added to antiviral treatment because of HBV resistance. Then he had myalgia, chest tightness and anorexia. The blood lactate was 12.7 mmol/L. The arterial blood gas analysis showed pH 7.25, base excess 21.1 mmol/L. CPK was 991 U/L, myoglobin was 1745 ng/ml and creatine was 83 μmol/L. Abdomen magnetic resonance revealed cirrhosis. Muscle biopsy revealed myogenic lesion with abnormality of mitochondria and fat metabolism. The patient was diagnosed with Hepatitis B envelope Antigen positive CHB, cirrhosis, LA and RM characterized by myalgia and elevated myoglobin. He was given tenofovir alone as antiviral treatment instead. After hemodialysis and 4 weeks` treatment of corticosteroids, his symptoms recovered, and blood lactate gradually returned to a normal range., Conclusions: This case shows that tenofovir may trigger muscle damage and fatal RM in combination with telbivudine treatment in CHB patients. Thus, patients receiving tenofovir and telbivudine should be closely monitored for muscular abnormalities, blood lactate level and other mitochondrial toxicity associated side effects.

Introduction: Traditional Caldwell-Luc approach needs modifications for odontogenic cysts intruding into the maxillary sinus, to preserve sinus mucosa and bony contour. Recently, digital technology has been widely applied to the field of maxillofacial surgery, guiding the surgical plan and improving its accuracy., Objective: This study attempted to present and evaluate the functional surgery of odontogenic cysts intruding into the maxillary sinus using a computer-assisted pre-surgical design., Methods: Consecutive patients with odontogenic cysts intruding into the posterior part of the maxillary sinus were enrolled. Method I "Bony wall reimplantation method" was performed for large lesions exceeding the zygomatic alveolar crest but without apparent bone destruction of the anterior wall of the sinus, while Method II "bone removal method" was more convenient for small lesions near to the zygomatic alveolar crest. The gap was filled with a pedicled buccal fat pad after lesion removal and all cases were without inferior meatal antrostomy., Results: A total of 45 cases were included in the study. 22 were operated using method I while 23 were operated with method II. Operations were completed in 20min. Pain disappeared in 3.62 days on average, and swelling 6.47 days. Nasal bleeding occurred in 8 patients lasting 1-3 days. Suppurative inflammation was observed in 1 patient, and infection occurred after bone reposition. Other repositioned free bony wall was without resorption in CT images., Conclusions: Sinus mucosa and bony wall should be conserved. Preoperative digital design can guide osteotomy effectively during the surgery. Bone reposition is not suitable for suppurative inflammation. The pedicled buccal fat pad is enough for drainage and inferior meatal antrostomy is not necessary., (Copyright © 2017 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study was to present an endoscopic-assisted intraoral surgical technique for sinus floor augmentation and removal of an antral pseudocyst simultaneously. The patient underwent sinus floor augmentation combined with removal of an antral pseudocyst in the ipsilateral maxillary sinus. Transoral endoscopic technique was applied to check the status of sinus mucosa during the operation. Complications were evaluated. Perforation of the sinus membrane was observed during augmentation procedure, and was covered with an absorbable membrane. No leakage of bone grafts was verified by the endoscope. The patient recovered uneventfully and final dental implants were inserted successfully. Therefore, sinus floor augmentation and removal of the maxillary sinus pseudocyst can be fulfilled at the same time, to reduce the time before dental rehabilitation. Transoral endoscopic technique can be of great helpful to the treatment of maxillary sinus diseases and sinus floor augmentation, owing to minimal invasion and optimal visualization.

The aim of this study was to introduce a novel method of mesiodens extraction using a vascularized pedicled bone flap by piezosurgery and to compare the differences between a computer-aided design surgical guide template and free-hand operation.A total of 8 patients with mesiodens, 4 with a surgical guide (group I), and 4 without it (group II) were included in the study. The surgical design was to construct a trapdoor pedicle on the superior mucoperiosteal attachment with application of piezosurgery. The bone lid was repositioned after mesiodens extraction. Group I patients underwent surgeries based on the preoperative planning with surgical guide templates, while group II patients underwent free-hand operation. The outcome variables were success rate, intraoperative time, anterior nasal spine (ANS) position, changes of nasolabial angle (NLA), and major complications. Data from the 2 groups were compared by SPSS 17.0, using Wilcoxon test.The operative time was significantly shorter in group I patients. All the mesiodentes were extracted successfully and no obvious differences of preoperative and postoperative ANS position and NLA value were found in both groups. The patients were all recovered uneventfully.Surgical guide templates can enhance clinical accuracy and reduce operative time by facilitating accurate osteotomies.

Objective: To examine the association between child-supporting from their folks and elder abuse in China so as to provide evidence for prevention and control of elder abuse. Methods: Based on the third survey on the Status of Chinese women, organized by the All-China Women's Federation and the National Bureau of Statistics, 7 159 residents aged 65 and older were included and general information on supporting child and elder abuse were gathered. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to investigate the association between supporting child from elderly and elder abuse. Results: The overall prevalence of elder abuse was 6.71 % . Risks of elder people being abused by family numbers varied from different supporting child situations. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, ORs for the elderly appeared as follows: OR =1.99 (95 %CI : 1.56-2.54) for those who only providing support to male children; OR =2.07 (95 %CI : 1.51-3.79) for those only providing support to the female offspring and OR =2.32 (95 % CI : 1.72-3.13) for those who did not support their children regardless of their sex identity. Elderly who provided support to their children on both sexes were exposed to lower risk of being abused than those who only supporting their male offspring. There was no significant difference appearing on the risk of elder abuse between those elderly who only supporting the male ( OR =1.00) or the female offspring ( OR =1.04, 95 % CI : 0.63-1.71), among all the participants in our study. However, such associations were different in urban and rural areas. Conclusions: High prevalence of abuse was seen in China. The pattern of supporting child was associated with risk of elder abuse. Elderly who showed poor support to their children were under higher risk of being abused by their family members.

Disc repositioning is a common procedure for patients with anterior disc displacement (ADD). The purpose of this retrospective record-based study was to evaluate changes in the widths of joint spaces and condylar position changes in patients with unilateral ADD following arthroscopic disc repositioning, with the healthy sides as self-control, using magnetic resonance images (MRI).Widths of anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces (AS, SS, and PS) were measured. The condylar position was described as anterior, centric or posterior, expressed as . Paired-t test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Fifty-four records conformed to the inclusion criteria (mean age of 21.02 years). Widths of SS and PS increased significantly after surgery (P < 0.001) on the operative sides, while joint spaces of healthy sides and AS of operative sides had no significant changes. Dominant location of condyles of operative sides changed from a posterior position to an anterior position, while healthy sides were mostly centric condylar position no matter preoperatively or postoperatively. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that unilateral arthroscopic disc repositioning significantly increases the posterior and superior spaces of the affected joints, without affecting spaces of the healthy sides.

Geographic patterns in leaf stoichiometry reflect plant adaptations to environments. Leaf stoichiometry variations along environmental gradients have been extensively studied among terrestrial plants, but little has been known about intraspecific leaf stoichiometry, especially for wetland plants. Here we analyzed the dataset of leaf N and P of a cosmopolitan wetland species, Phragmites australis, and environmental (geographic, climate and soil) variables from literature and field investigation in natural wetlands distributed in three climatic regions (subtropical, temperate and highland) across China. We found no clear geographic patterns in leaf nutrients of P. australis across China, except for leaf N:P ratio increasing with altitude. Leaf N and N:P decreased with mean annual temperature (MAT), and leaf N and P were closely related to soil pH, C:N ratio and available P. Redundancy analysis showed that climate and soil variables explained 62.1% of total variation in leaf N, P and N:P. Furthermore, leaf N in temperate region and leaf P in subtropical region increased with soil available P, while leaf N:P in subtropical region decreased with soil pH. These patterns in P. australis different from terrestrial plants might imply that changes in climate and soil properties can exert divergent effects on wetland and terrestrial ecosystems.

Treatment procedures for anterior disc displacement (ADD) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are far from reaching a consensus. The aim of the study was to evaluate disc status changes of anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR) and without reduction (ADDWoR) comparatively, to get a better understanding of the disease progress without intervention. This longitudinal retrospective study included 217 joints in 165 patients, which were divided into ADDWR group and ADDWoR group based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. The joints were assessed quantitatively for disc length and displacement distance at initial and follow-up visits. Disc morphology, which was classified in 5 types, was also evaluated. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to assess intra-group differences and independent t-test for inter-group differences. Moreover, analysis of covariance was applied to analyze influential factors for changes in disc length and displacement distance. According to our results, discs tended to become shorter, move further forward and distort more seriously in ADDWoR group than in ADDWR group after follow-up. Moreover, discs were prone to become shorter and more anteriorly displaced in teenagers, type I and III morphologies, advanced Wilkes stages, or those with joint effusion. Follow-up period seemed to be not critical.

The aim of the study was to compare condylar height changes of anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) quantitatively, to get a better understanding of the changes in condylar height of patients with anterior disc displacement who had received no treatment, and to provide useful information for treatment protocol. This longitudinal retrospective study enrolled 206 joints in 156 patients, which were divided into ADDWR group and ADDwoR group based on magnetic resonance imaging examination. The joints were assessed quantitatively for condylar height at initial and follow-up visits. Also, both groups were further divided into 3 subgroups according to age: <15 years group, 15 to 21 years group, and 22 to 35 years group. Paired t test and independent t test were used to assess intra- and intergroup differences. The average age of the ADDwR group was 19.65 years with a mean of 9.47 months' follow-up. The follow-up interval of the patients with ADDwoR was 7.96 months, with a mean age of 18.51 years. Condylar height in ADDwoR tended to decrease more than those in ADDwR, especially during the pubertal growth spurt and with the presence of osteoarthrosis, meaning ADDwoR could cause a severe disturbance in mandibular development. Thus, an early disc repositioning was suggested to avoid decrease in condylar height., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Resource allocation to different functions is central in life-history theory. Plasticity of functional traits allows clonal plants to regulate their resource allocation to meet changing environments. In this study, biomass allocation traits of clonal plants were categorized into absolute biomass for vegetative growth vs. for reproduction, and their relative ratios based on a data set including 115 species and derived from 139 published literatures. We examined general pattern of biomass allocation of clonal plants in response to availabilities of resource (e.g., light, nutrients, and water) using phylogenetic meta-analysis. We also tested whether the pattern differed among clonal organ types (stolon vs. rhizome). Overall, we found that stoloniferous plants were more sensitive to light intensity than rhizomatous plants, preferentially allocating biomass to vegetative growth, aboveground part and clonal reproduction under shaded conditions. Under nutrient- and water-poor condition, rhizomatous plants were constrained more by ontogeny than by resource availability, preferentially allocating biomass to belowground part. Biomass allocation between belowground and aboveground part of clonal plants generally supported the optimal allocation theory. No general pattern of trade-off was found between growth and reproduction, and neither between sexual and clonal reproduction. Using phylogenetic meta-analysis can avoid possible confounding effects of phylogeny on the results. Our results shown the optimal allocation theory explained a general trend, which the clonal plants are able to plastically regulate their biomass allocation, to cope with changing resource availability, at least in stoloniferous and rhizomatous plants.