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Happiness plays an important role in human emotion and one’s growth. In this paper, we use the data from the World Happiness Report, Countries of the World, and Countries Dataset 2020 to discern the relationship the happiness score has with the economy, family, health, freedom, trust, perception of corruption, generosity, and residual. In our research, we used the regression approach to find the most important factors that affect the happiness score in the past five years. Since we observed a positive and moderate relationship between the residual and happiness score, we then looked for other factors that contribute to the residual, the unexplained factor. Finally, we verified the main factors to the happiness score.

This paper introduces a novel intelligent sliding mode predictive fault-tolerant control method based on the Dynamic Information Exchange Coyote Optimization Algorithm (DIECOA), which is applied to a quad-rotor UAV system with multi-delay and sensor fault. First, the system nonlinearity and sensor fault are dealt with by means of interpolation transformation and system state expansion, and an equivalent system is obtained. Second, the quasi-integral sliding mode surface is used to construct the prediction model so that the initial state of the system is located on the sliding mode surface, and the global robustness is guaranteed. Third, this paper introduces an improved fault and disturbance compensation term, which effectively weakens the adverse effect of time delays and enhances the FTC performance of the system. Fourth, the Dynamic Information Exchange (DIE) strategy is designed to further improve the coyote individual replacement mechanism and speeds up the solution and convergence speed of the method in this paper. Finally, the simulation is carried out on the fault-tolerant simulation platform of the quad-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and the results show the rationality of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the consensus problem of second-order nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with actuator faults via a sliding mode control approach. The consensus error dynamic is given based on the relative states of the neighbors. Then, a sliding mode surface based on consensus errors is proposed, and the asymptotic stability of the sliding mode is proved using the Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, a sliding-mode fault-tolerant consensus protocol is proposed to compensate for actuator faults. According to the sliding mode control theory, the proposed sliding-mode fault-tolerant controller ensures that the consensus of the MASs can be reached in a finite time. Finally, a simulation example of a second-order multi-robot system is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effects of volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed (PCV-VG) mode during one-lung ventilation (OLV) on circulation, pulmonary function and lung injury., Methods: 2012 February to 2013 March in Ningbo No2. Hospital cardiothoracic surgery, 30 patients aged 52 to 76 years (ASA grade II-III) undergoing elective thoracoscopic lobectomy were randomly divided into VCV group and PCV-VG group, with 15 cases in each group. After anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation, endobronchial blocker was inserted to start OLV. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), measured tidal volume (TV), peak airway pressure (Ppeak), airway resistance (Raw), chest compliance (Cdyn) and the end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO(2)) were recorded at the time point of 15 minutes after turning to the lateral position, 15 minutes and 60 minutes after OLV, and 15 minutes after the resumption of two lung ventilation. In the meanwhile, arterial blood gas analysis was conducted to measure indicators of pH, oxygen tension (PaO(2)) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO(2)). Blood was drawn before induction, 1 hour after OLV and 1 hour after the end of surgery, and the concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: HR, MAP, TV, PetCO(2), pH and PaCO(2) in two groups at the time point of 15 minutes after turning to the lateral position, 15 minutes and 60 minutes after OLV, and 15 minutes after the resumption of two lung ventilation showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). At the point of 15 minutes after turning to the lateral position and 15 minutes after two lung ventilation, Ppeak and Cdyn of two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05) (Ppeak:16 ± 3 cmH(2)O, 16 ± 3 cmH(2)O for VCV group and 14 ± 2 cmH(2)O, 14 ± 2 cmH(2)O for PCV-VG group; Cdyn: 43.5 ± 5.9 ml/cmH(2)O, 43.8 ± 6.7 ml/cmH2O for VCV group and 49.7 ± 7.1 ml/cmH(2)O, 53.3 ± 9.6 ml/cmH(2)O for PCV-VG group). Compared with VCV group, PCV-VG group showed a lower Ppeak 15 minutes and 60 minutes after OLV [ (17 ± 2 cmH(2)O) vs (22 ± 4 cmH(2)O) and (18 ± 4 cmH(2)O) vs( 23 ± 3 cmH(2)O) with a higher Cdyn at the same point (38.6 ± 6.3 ml/cmH(2)O) vs (29.6 ± 3.2 ml/cmH(2)O) and 37.3 ± 6.0 ml/cmH(2)O) vs (30.3 ± 3.8 ml/cmH(2)O)] (P < 0.01). Compared with VCV group,IL-6 and TNF-α of PCV-VG group 1 hour after OLV and 1 hour after the end of surgery were significantly lower (P < 0.01) (IL-6: 52.32 ± 3.59 vs 62.65 ± 4.17 pg/ml and 63.57 ± 4.98 vs 82.38 ± 4.10 pg/ml; TNF-α: 3.23 ± 0.27 vs 4.19 ± 0.38 pg/ml and 4.01 ± 0.28 vs. 5.49 ± 0.31 pg/ml)., Conclusion: During one-lung ventilation in thoracoscopic lobectomy, PCV-VG mode has a competitive advantage over VCV mode in terms of pulmonary function and lung protection.