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Exploring low‐cost visible light photocatalysts for CO2 reduction to produce proportionally adjustable syngas is of great significance for meeting the needs of green chemical industry. A S‐Scheme CeO2/g‐C3N4 (CeO2/CN) heterojunction was constructed by using a simple two‐step calcination method. During the photocatalytic CO2 reduction process, the CeO2/CN heterojunction can present a superior photocatalytic performance, and the obtained CO/H2 ratios in syngas can be regulated from 1 : 0.16 to 1 : 3.02. In addition, the CO and H2 production rate of the optimal CeO2/CN composite can reach 1169.56 and 429.12 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively. This superior photocatalytic performance is attributed to the unique S‐Scheme photogenerated charge transfer mechanism between CeO2 and CN, which facilitates rapid charge separation and migration, while retaining the excellent redox capacity of both semiconductors. Particularly, the variable valence Ce3+/Ce4+ can act as electron mediator between CeO2 and CN, which can promote electron transfer and improve the catalytic performance. This work is expected to provide a new useful reference for the rational construction of high efficiency S‐Scheme heterojunction photocatalyst, and improve the efficiency of photocatalytic reduction of CO2, promoting the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into useful fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The infection of animals and humans with Sarcocystis spp. causes public health problems and significant economic losses to the livestock industry. To date, more than 200 species in the genus Sarcocystis have been reported. Sarcocystis spp. can cause sarcocystosis, which leads to emaciation, abortion, and even death in sheep. However, to date, Sarcocystis spp. infection has not been reported in sheep (Ovis aries) in Shanxi Province. In the present study, 582 mutton samples collected from sheep in ten representative counties in this province were investigated for Sarcocystis spp. by PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. The results showed that the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in sheep in Shanxi Province was 33.85% (197/582). Of them, 196 cox1 sequences showed a nucleotide similarity of 98.56–99.81% with those of S. tenella, and the remaining one cox1 sequence showed a nucleotide similarity of 99.71% with that of S. arieticanis. The present study reported the occurrence and prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. for the first time in sheep in Shanxi Province, China, which has important implications for the control and prevention of Sarcocystis infection in this province and elsewhere. Sarcocystis species are intracellular coccidian protozoans that can infect a range of animals and humans and cause public health problems and economically significant losses. Sarcocystosis in sheep (Ovis aries) can cause abortion, neurological symptoms, and even death and results in significant economic losses to the livestock industry. To date, however, it is yet unknown whether sheep in Shanxi Province, north China, are infected with Sarcocystis spp. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in sheep in Shanxi Province. Thus, 582 muscle samples of sheep were purchased from farmers' markets from ten representative counties in Shanxi Province, north China, and examined for the presence and prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. by PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. Of the examined 582 mutton samples, 197 samples (33.85%) were Sarcocystis-positive and were sequenced. Of the obtained 197 cox1 sequences, 196 sequences showed nucleotide similarity of 98.56–99.81% with those of S. tenella, and the remaining one cox1 sequence showed nucleotide similarity of 99.71% with that of S. arieticanis. Two representative cox1 sequences of S. tenella (accession nos. PQ189447 and PQ189448) have 99.52% and 99.61% identity with S. tenalla (KC209725) and S. tenalla (MK419984), respectively. The sequence of S. arieticanis (accession no. PQ165949) obtained in this study has 99.71% identity with S. arieticanis (MK419975). This present study documents the occurrence and prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in sheep in Shanxi Province for the first time, which enriches the data on the distribution of Sarcocystis spp. in sheep in China and has implications for the control of sheep sarcocystosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic hormones in wastewater effluents released into the aquatic environments may interfere with the normal endocrine systems of fish in receiving streams. Norgestrel (NGT) is a synthetic progestin widely used in oral contraceptives and frequently detected in wastewater effluents. In this study, adult female mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) were exposed to three environmentally relevant concentrations of norgestrel (NGT) (i.e., 3.6, 35.8, and 368.0 ng L-1) for 42 d, fin morphology, histology of the ovary, and reproductive behaviors were evaluated. The results showed that NGT at all three concentrations caused an increased frequency of atretic follicular cells in ovaries and impaired mating behaviors exhibited by males toward the NGT-exposed females. In mosquitofish exposed to NGT at 35.8 and 368 ng L-1, the anal fin of females had an increased length ratio of ray4/ray 6, an increased width of ray 3, and increased number of segments in ray 3. The histopathological analysis showed that exposure to NGT increased the incidence of spermatogenesis in ovaries. Mating behavior was impaired 58.4%, 65.7%, and 76.4% (P

Aims: Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been extensively investigated in human cancers. Recent studies verified that current available PARP inhibitors (Olaparib or Veliparib) provided clinical palliation of clinical patients suffering from paclitaxel‐induced neuropathic pain (PINP). However, the underlying mechanism of PARP overactivation in the development of PINP remains to be investigated. Methods and Results: We reported induction of DNA oxidative damage, PARP‐1 overactivation, and subsequent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion as crucial events in the pathogenesis of PINP. Therefore, we developed an Olaparib PROTAC to achieve the efficient degradation of PARP. Continuous intrathecal injection of Olaparib PROTAC protected against PINP by inhibiting the activity of PARP‐1 in rats. PARP‐1, but not PARP‐2, was shown to be a crucial enzyme in the development of PINP. Specific inhibition of PARP‐1 enhanced mitochondrial redox metabolism partly by upregulating the expression and deacetylase activity of sirtuin‐3 (SIRT3) in the dorsal root ganglions and spinal cord in the PINP rats. Moreover, an increase in the NAD+ level was found to be a crucial mechanism by which PARP‐1 inhibition enhanced SIRT3 activity. Conclusion: The findings provide a novel insight into the mechanism of DNA oxidative damage in the development of PINP and implicate PARP‐1 as a possible therapeutic target for clinical PINP treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A frequency and polarization reconfigurable wideband cross‐dipole antenna is proposed. A λ $\lambda $/4 phase‐shifted ring structure is used to design a reconfigurable frequency and polarization wideband antenna, which is connected to the dipole arm with the liquid metal as a parasitic branch. The antenna consists of a pair of rectangular dipoles, a pair of curved phase‐shifted rings, and a square ring. Two mutually perpendicular rectangular dipole arms are connected by a phase‐shifted ring, which is printed on the upper and lower surfaces. The left‐hand circular polarization and right‐hand circular polarization can be switched by loading liquid metal at different positions of the antenna, and the frequency can be reconstructed by adjusting the length of liquid metal at corresponding positions. The total 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth are 41.27% (1.50–2.28 GHz) and 43.57% (1.49–2.32 GHz), and eight adjustable circularly polarized frequency bands can be obtained at the same time. To verify the proposed design, a reconfigurable antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]