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Summary: Plastoglobules (PGs) contiguous with the outer leaflets of thylakoid membranes regulate lipid metabolism, plastid developmental transitions, and responses to environmental stimuli. However, the function of OsFBN7, a PG‐core fibrillin gene in rice, has not been elucidated.Using molecular genetics and physiobiochemical approaches, we observed that OsFBN7 overexpression promoted PG clustering in rice chloroplasts.OsFBN7 interacted with two KAS I enzymes, namely OsKAS Ia and OsKAS Ib, in rice chloroplasts. Lipidomic analysis of chloroplast subcompartments, including PGs in the OsFBN7 overexpression lines, confirmed that levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), a chloroplast lipid precursor and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), the main chloroplast membrane lipids, were increased in PGs and chloroplasts. Furthermore, OsFBN7 enhanced the abundances of OsKAS Ia/Ib in planta and their stability under oxidative and heat stresses. In addition, RNA sequencing and real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analyses showed that the expression of the DAG synthetase gene PAP1 and MGDG synthase gene MDG2 was upregulated by OsFBN7.In conclusion, this study proposes a new model in which OsFBN7 binds to OsKAS Ia/Ib in chloroplast and enhances their abundance and stability, thereby regulating the chloroplast and PG membrane lipids involved in the formation of PG clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the establishment of the models based on spectral characteristic parameter for estimating foliar nitrogen concentrations of Juglans regia 'Xinwen 185', this paper aimed to explore spectral technical approaches to rapidly monitoring the foliar N nutritional status of Juglans regia 'Xinwen 185'. Based on the field experiment of fertilizer efficiency, the foliar spectral reflectance and N concentrations of the foliar samples under different amounts of N fertilizer, which were applied in the fruit setting period, the fruit rapid-growth period, the fruit fat-change period and the fruit near-mature period, were measured separately with Unispec-SC and chemical analysis in the laboratory. The Pearson correlation analysis of the foliar spectral reflectance and foliar N element concentrations was done in the 4 phenological periods of fruit development, and the spectral characteristic parameters highly significantly correlated with the foliar spectral reflectance and foliar N element concentration were selected. Finally, the spectral characteristic parameter estimating models of the foliar N element concentration were established by employing regression analysis, with the adopted functions including power function, exponential function, semi-log function, linear function, quadratic function and cubic function, and then the independent sample was used to test the precision of the models, of which the one with the highest fitting degree was screened out. The results indicated that the spectral characteristic parameters, highly significantly correlated with the foliar N element concentration (P<0.01), were reflectance of the green peak position and ratio of red index in fruit setting period, yellow edge position, red valley position, ratio of green index, ratio of red index, normalized difference of green index and normalized difference of red index in the fruit fast-growing period, reflectance of the green peak position and ratio of red index in the fruit fat-change period, and reflectance of the green peak position, he spectra slop of yellow edge and red edge area in the fruit near-mature period. Moreover, the absolute values of the correlation coefficient were all greater than 0.96 in the 4 phenological periods of fruit development. Through cubic function analysis with the reflectance of the green peak position, yellow edge position, ratio of red index and the spectra slop of yellow edge as independent variables, the regression estimation models of the foliar N element concentration in the 4 phenological periods of fruit development were established respectively, and their fitting degrees R² were all above 0.99. In addition, the predicted values for foliar N concentration of Juglans regia 'Xinwen185' were relatively close to measured values, and all the models were examined by the confidence ellipse test; and RMSE and the relative errors (RE) of the independent sample tests were only 0.4533 g/kg and 0.4403%, 0.7716 g/kg and -0.3390%, 0.8793 g/kg and -0.3201%, 0.8145 g/kg and -0.1229% separately in the 4 phenological periods of fruit development. The models showed their significant stability and high estimation accuracy. The findings in this paper manifested that it was feasible to monitor foliar N nutritional levels of Juglans regia 'Xinwen 185' in the 4 phenological periods of fruit development by establishing spectral characteristic parameter models of foliar N element concentration estimation. Spectrum technology possesses great application potential in monitoring N element nutritional status of Juglans regia 'Xinwen 185'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to present a case of a patient with a negative skin biopsy who was diagnosed with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) through a retrospective review of a bladder biopsy specimen obtained 10 years ago. The patient initially presented with encephalitis-like symptoms, including fever, headache, and abnormal mental behavior. However, the DWI hyperintensity in the corticomedullary junction indicated the possibility of NIID. Due to the negative results of the skin biopsy, we initially refrained from hastily diagnosing the patient with NIID. However, 6 months later, the patient was readmitted to the hospital due to similar symptoms, and a follow-up MRI showed significant enlargement of the lesions at the corticomedullary junction. This time we identified intranuclear inclusions in her tissue specimens from bladder surgery. Subsequently, genetic testing was performed, leading to the diagnosis of NIID in the patient. Our case report indicates that detecting intranuclear inclusions from previous surgical specimens, rather than relying solely on skin biopsy, could significantly enhance diagnostic methods for NIID., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liu, Hu, Tan, Li and Chen.)

Seaweed fertilizer, formulated primarily with seaweed extract as its main ingredient, has been extensively studied and found to significantly improve nutrient use efficiency, increase crop yield and quality, and enhance soil properties under field conditions. This growing body of evidence shows that seaweed fertilizer is a suitable option for sustainable agriculture in China. However, a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the overall effects of seaweed fertilizer application in China is lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies on the effects of seaweed fertilizers under field conditions in China with MetaWin and SPSS software. Our analysis examined the effects of seaweed fertilizers on crop yield, quality, and growth under different preparation methods, application techniques, and regions. Our results showed that the application of seaweed fertilizer led to a significant average increase in crop yield of 15.17% compared with the control treatments. Root & tuber crops exhibited the most pronounced response, with a yield boost of 21.19%. Moreover, seaweed fertilizer application significantly improved crop quality, with elevations in the sugar-acid ratio (38.32%) vitamin C (18.07%), starch (19.65%), and protein (11.45%). In addition, plant growth parameters such as height, stem thickness, root weight, and leaf area showed significant enhancement with seaweed fertilizer use. The yield-increasing effect of seaweed fertilizers varied depending on their preparation and use method, climate, and soil of application location. Our study provides fundamental reference data for the efficient and scientific application of seaweed fertilizers in agricultural practices., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Pei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Gait is a potential diagnostic tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to arm movements during walking, and there is currently no consensus on gait asymmetry. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether arm motion and gait asymmetry could be utilized for identifying MCI and AD., Methods: In total, 102 middle-aged and elderly individuals were included in the final analysis and were assigned to the following three groups: AD ( n = 27), MCI ( n = 35), and a normal control group ( n = 40). Gait and cognitive assessments were conducted for all participants. Gait detection included a single-task gait with free-speed walking and a dual-task gait with adding a cognitive task of successive minus seven to walking. Original gait parameters were collected using a wearable device featuring the MATRIX system 2.0. Gait parameters were shortened to several main gait domains through factor analysis using principal component extraction with varimax rotation. Subsequently, the extracted gait domains were used to differentiate the three groups, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated., Results: Factor analysis of single-task gait identified five independent gait domains: rhythm symmetry, rhythm, pace asymmetry, arm motion, and variability. Factor analysis of the dual-task gait identified four gait domains: rhythm, variability, symmetry, and arm motion. During single-task walking, pace asymmetry was negatively correlated with MoCA scores and could distinguish between the AD group and the other two groups. Arm motion was not associated with MoCA scores, and did not exhibit adequate discrimination in either task., Conclusion: Currently, there is no reliable evidence suggesting that arm motion can be used to recognize AD or MCI. Gait asymmetry can serve as a potential gait marker for the auxiliary diagnosis of AD but not for MCI., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Li, Zhu, Liu, Shi, Liu, Guo, Hu, Liu and Yang.)

Tanshinlactone has been found in several natural products and biologically active compounds. Herein, a new FeCl 3 -catalyzed strategy using 1 H -indene-1,2,3-triones and alkynes as starting materials is reported to obtain various tanshinlactone derivatives. This protocol has the advantages of involving low cost, environmentally benign catalysts, simple reaction conditions, and a broad range of substrates.