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Background: In epidemiology, indicators such as the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (S) are commonly used to assess additive interactions between two variables. However, the results of these indicators are sometimes inconsistent in real world applications and it may be difficult to draw conclusions from them. Method: Based on the relationship between the RERI, AP, and S, we propose a method with consistent results, which are achieved by constraining $e^{\theta_3}-e^{\theta_1}-e^{\theta_2}+1=0$ e θ 3 − e θ 1 − e θ 2 + 1 = 0 , and the interpretation of the results is simple and clear. We present two pathways to achieve this end: one is to complete the constraint by adding a regular penalty term to the model likelihood function; the other is to use model selection. Result: Using simulated and real data, our proposed methods effectively identified additive interactions and proved to be applicable to real-world data. Simulations were used to evaluate the performance of the methods in scenarios with and without additive interactions. The penalty term converged to 0 with increasing λ, and the final models matched the expected interaction status, demonstrating that regularized estimation could effectively identify additive interactions. Model selection was compared with classical methods (delta and bootstrap) across various scenarios with different interaction strengths, and the additive interactions were closely observed and the results aligned closely with bootstrap results. The coefficients in the model without interaction adhered to a simplifying equation, reinforcing that there was no significant interaction between smoking and alcohol use on oral cancer risk. Conclusion: In summary, the model selection method based on the Hannan-Quinn criterion (HQ) appears to be a competitive alternative to the bootstrap method for identifying additive interactions. Furthermore, when using RERI, AP, and S to assess the additive interaction, the results are more consistent and the results are simple and easy to understand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to explore the correlation between CT imaging findings and histopathological grading of lung adenocarcinoma. A retrospective collection of 149 patients with pathologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma, according to the grading standard, the patients were divided into a moderately well-differentiated group (level I and II), a poorly differentiated group (level II), and the relationship between CT imaging manifestations of lung adenocarcinoma and postoperative pathological grading was analyzed. Results: (1) The smallest and largest diameters of the tumors in the moderately well-differentiated group were significantly lower than those in the poorly differentiated group (P<0.05). (2) 47.4% of the tumor marginal signs in the moderately well-differentiated group showed lobular signs, while 68.5% in the poorly differentiated group, there was a significant difference between the two group (P<0.01). (3) 26. 3% of the moderately differentiated group has ground glass shadow, and 3.7% of the poorly differentiated group, there was a significant difference between the two group (P<0.01). In short, the CT appearance of lung adenocarcinoma is significantly correlated with its pathological grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Oxymatrine has shown strong anti-cancer ability, but its mechanism is not well-studied., Methods: The inhibitory rates of oxymatrine with various concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 mg/ml) on MCF-7 cells were detected by CCK-8. The effects of oxymatrine on the expression of miRNA-140-5P in MCF-7 cells were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). miRNA-140-5P mimics or NC mimics were transfected into cells using Lipofectamine 2000. Eventually, the cells were divided into control-group, drug-group, miRNA-140-5P mimics group, NC mimics group, and miRNA-140-5P mimics + drug group. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay and apoptosis rate of each group were measured by using Flow cytometry. Western blot was carried out to detect the protein expression of TGFBR1 and FGF9., Results: Oxymatrine at various concentrations had conspicuous inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells ( P<0.05 ), and the inhibitory effect of oxymatrine on MCF-7 cells showed both dose- and time-dependent manners. The relative expression of miRNA-140-5P in MCF cells was remarkably lower than that in MCF-10A. Oxymatrine could effectively promote the expression of miRNA-140-5P in MCF-7 cells, and the relative expression of miRNA-140-5P increased significantly with the increased dose of oxymatrine ( P<0.05 ). Both transfection of miRNA-140-5P mimics and oxymatrine treatment could reduce the proliferation of MCF-7 cells ( P<0.05 ), and the proliferation of cells in miRNA-140-5P mimics + drug-group was significantly lower than that of other groups ( P<0.05 ). Compared with the control-group, the protein expressions of TGFbR1 and FGF9 in low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups were dramatically decreased ( P<0.05 ), in a dose-dependent manner ( P<0.05 )., Conclusion: Oxymatrine inhibits proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The mechanism may contribute to the regulation of miRNA-140-5p and its target genes., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2021.)