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High‐efficiency and selective leaching of lithium ions from spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries is currently an urgent problem to be solved. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochlorite were used as acidic media and oxidant for recycling LiFePO4 powders based on the stoichiometric ratio. The effect of operation conditions on leaching performance was investigated. The leaching yield of Li and Fe were higher than 95% and lower than 0.1% within 20 min at 15°C. In addition, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser particle size analysis characterizations were applied for revealing the selective leaching mechanism, the results of which indicated that the crystal structure of powders remained basically unchanged during the leaching process. Finally, an efficient and cost‐effective recycling process for LiFePO4 powders was proposed, and lithium carbonate products with purity higher than 99.7% were obtained. The proposed recycling process shows strong industrial application potential for LiFePO4 powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to analyse the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 11 (PPP1R11) expression and cellular localization in yak follicles and investigate its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and oestrogen secretion in granulosa cells (GCs). Ten healthy and non‐pregnant female yaks (4‐year‐old) were used as experimental animals. The mRNA relative expression level of PPP1R11 in GCs from small (<3.0 mm), medium (3.0–5.9 mm) and large (6.0–9.0 mm) follicles was detected by RT‐qPCR, and the cellular localization of PPP1R11 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC). After isolation, culture and identification of yak GCs in vitro, si‐PPP1R11 and si‐NC (negative control) were transfected into GCs. RT‐qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the interference efficiency, and ELISA was performed to detect oestrogen concentration. Then, EdU staining and TUNEL staining were conducted to analyse cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, the oestrogen synthesis, proliferation‐ and apoptosis‐related genes were detected by RT‐qPCR after knockdown PPP1R11. The results showed that PPP1R11 is mainly located in ovarian GCs, and the expression levels of PPP1R11 in GCs from large follicles were significantly higher than that from medium and small follicles. Transfection of si‐PPP1R11 into GCs could significantly inhibit the expression of PPP1R11. Interestingly, the oestrogen secretion ability and the expression level of oestrogen pathway‐related genes (STAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1 and HSD17B1) were also significantly downregulated. Moreover, the proportion of positive cells was decreased, and cellular proliferation‐related genes (PCNA, CCNB1 and CDC25A) were significantly downregulated after knockdown PPP1R11. However, the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased, and apoptosis‐related genes (BAX, CASP3 and P53) were significantly upregulated. Taken together, this study was the first revealed the expression and cellular localization of PPP1R11 in yak follicles. Interference PPP1R11 could reduce oestrogen secretion, inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in GCs, which provided a basis for further studies on the regulatory mechanism of PPP1R11 in follicle development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Increasing milk fat rate has a good effect on the milk quality of cattleyak. SNPs can help us find potential molecular markers for the milk fat traits of cattleyak, and they can be screened according to molecular markers when they are young. It provides a reference for cultivating high milk fat cattle population in the future. The results of this study suggest that the SORBS1 gene polymorphism is closely related to the milk fat traits of cattleyak, which could be used as a candidate genetic marker for milk fat trait selection in cattleyak. This study provides a new molecular marker and theoretical basis for screening the milk fat traits of cattleyak. It has a certain reference value for the research and improvement of milk quality. This study aimed to find the SNPs in the SORBS1 gene of cattleyak, analyze the relationship between its polymorphisms and the milk fat traits, and find potential molecular markers for the milk fat traits of cattleyak. The polymorphism of the SORBS1 gene in 350 cattleyak from Hongyuan County (Sichuan, China) were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing, and the correlation between these SNPs and the milk production traits of cattleyak was analyzed. The results showed that there were nine SNPs in the CDS and their adjacent non-coding regions of the SORBS1 gene, and all SNPs have three genotypes. The correlation analysis found that the genotypes with superior milk fat traits in the other eight alleles were homozygous genotypes with a high genotype frequency except the g.96284 G > A (c.3090 G > A) (p < 0.05). However, at locus g.96284 G > A, the milk fat percentage, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) of the GA genotype were significantly higher than that of GG and AA genotypes (p < 0.05). Among these SNPs, three SNPs (g.6256 C > T (c.298 C > T), g.24791 A > G (c.706 A > G) and g.29121 A > G (c.979 A > G)) caused the amino acids change. The genotypes of the three SNPs consist of three haplotypes and four diplotypes. The amino acid mutation degree of diplotype H1–H1 (CCAAAA) was the highest, and its milk fat percentage, MUFAs, PUFAs and SFAs were also the highest (p < 0.05). Taken together, we found nine SNPs in the SORBS1 gene that are closely related to the milk fat traits of cattleyak. Moreover, the mutation of amino acids caused by SNPs had positive effects on the milk fat traits of cattleyak. H1-H1 is the dominant diplotype which significantly related to the milk fat traits of cattleyak. This study provides a new molecular marker and theoretical basis for screening the milk fat traits of cattleyak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to find the SNPs in the SORBS 1 gene of cattleyak, analyze the relationship between its polymorphisms and the milk fat traits, and find potential molecular markers for the milk fat traits of cattleyak. The polymorphism of the SORBS 1 gene in 350 cattleyak from Hongyuan County (Sichuan, China) were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing, and the correlation between these SNPs and the milk production traits of cattleyak was analyzed. The results showed that there were nine SNPs in the CDS and their adjacent non-coding regions of the SORBS 1 gene, and all SNPs have three genotypes. The correlation analysis found that the genotypes with superior milk fat traits in the other eight alleles were homozygous genotypes with a high genotype frequency except the g.96284 G > A (c.3090 G > A) ( p < 0.05). However, at locus g.96284 G > A, the milk fat percentage, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) of the GA genotype were significantly higher than that of GG and AA genotypes ( p < 0.05). Among these SNPs, three SNPs (g.6256 C > T (c.298 C > T), g.24791 A > G (c.706 A > G) and g.29121 A > G (c.979 A > G)) caused the amino acids change. The genotypes of the three SNPs consist of three haplotypes and four diplotypes. The amino acid mutation degree of diplotype H1-H1 (CCAAAA) was the highest, and its milk fat percentage, MUFAs, PUFAs and SFAs were also the highest ( p < 0.05). Taken together, we found nine SNPs in the SORBS 1 gene that are closely related to the milk fat traits of cattleyak. Moreover, the mutation of amino acids caused by SNPs had positive effects on the milk fat traits of cattleyak. H1-H1 is the dominant diplotype which significantly related to the milk fat traits of cattleyak. This study provides a new molecular marker and theoretical basis for screening the milk fat traits of cattleyak.